Chapter 5 Diversity of Life

Terms	Definitions
vertebrate	animal with a backbone
adaption	characteristic that enables an animal to live successfully in its environment
endoskeleton	internal skeleton
impulse -scientific meaning	an electrical message that moves from one neuron to another
impulse -everyday meaning	a sudden desire, urge, or inclination
stimulus scientific	a change that an animal detects in its environment
stimulus- everyday meaning	something that encourages an activity to begin
skeleton	a framework that shapes, supports, and protects internal organs and allows movement in its environment
molting	in arthropods, the periodic shedding of an old exoskeleton and producing a new one
cartilage	tissue more flexible than bone
joint	place where two or more parts of a skeleton meet. both arthropods and vertebrates have joints
muscles	tissues that contract and relax to create movement
exoskeleton muscles	are attachted to the the inside of the exoskeleton
endoskeleton muscles	are attached the outsides of the bones or cartilage
movement occurs	when muscles pull on the skeletons
nervous system	receives information from the environment and coordinates a response
stimuli	touch, sound, and the things animals smell, taste and see
response	animals reaction to stimulus
neuron	nerve cell with unique structure for receiving and passing on information
impulse	in a nerve cell, an electrical message where information travels
3 neurons in complex animals	sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons
sensory neurons	nerve cell that detects stimuli; contained in organs, such as eyes and ears
interneurons	nerve cells that pass information between neurons
motor neurons	carry response information to muscles and other organs
nervous system	netlike arrangement of neurons throughout the body
brain	organized group of neurons in the head of an animal with bilateral symmetry
nerve net	cnidarian's nervous system with neurons arranged like a net
grouped interneurons	more organized then net system, have groups of interneurons that form nerve cords
sense organs	Organs that receive stimuli found in eyes, ears, nose detect stimuli in the form of sound, light, odor and touch
movement	when and animals nervous system, muscular system and skeletal system work together
water vascular system	a system of fluid-filled tubes in an echinoderm's body that enables them to grip surfaces and move alongg
swim bladder	internal gas-filled sac that allows a fish to control its depth
adaptions for movement in water	steamlined body, water vascular system, webbed feet, jet propulsion
adaptions for movement on land	muscles and bristles; body muscles; foot & mucus; long arms; muscular legs; long legs and two toes
adaptions for movement in air	with skin over bones; feathers; poaired wings;sings that hover;short round wings; front and hind wings