| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Pre-Conventional | first LEVEL of Kohlberg's stages of moral development |
| Conventional | second LEVEL of Kohlberg's stages of moral development |
| Post-Conventional | third LEVEL of Kohlberg's stages of moral development |
| Avoiding Punishment | first STAGE of Kohlberg's stages of moral development |
| Individualism and Exchange | second STAGE of Kohlberg's stages of moral development |
| Good Interpersonal Relationships | third STAGE of Kohlberg's stages of moral development |
| Maintaining Social Order | fourth STAGE of Kohlberg's stages of moral development |
| Individual Rights and Social Contracts | fifth STAGE of Kohlberg's stages of moral development |
| Universal Principles | sixth STAGE of Kohlberg's stages of moral development |
| Miranda v. Arizona | case that pertains to law enforcement duty to read a person alleges of a crime their rights, plaintiff won |
| Brown v. Board of Education (of Topeka) | Along with NAACP fought for the right to integrate public schools |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | case that declared that "separate but equal" is constitutional |
| Schenck v. U.S. | case where individual tried to influence the public (with flyers) that recruiting for the war is wrong |
| Roe v. Wade | case where individual choice was at stake in an abortion case dealing with a woman's right to choose |
| New Jersey v. T.L.O. | decided that with reasonable cause a school can look through your purse |
| Island Trees School District v. Pico | involved the authority of schools to remove books from their library |
| Tinker v. Des Moines | case that debated whether students can protest a war by wearing an armband to school |
| Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier | said that a student has a right to expression (in a school newspaper) |
| University of California v. Bakke | challenged admission policies that perhaps discriminate against individuals who may not be in a minority class |
| Grutter v. Bollinger | in this case plaintiff argued that all races should be treated equally in her efforts to gain entry into law school at The University of Michigan |
| Engel v. Vitale | case that said schools need to be careful if they are going to require some form of organized prayer to be conducted during school |
| Korematsu v. U.S. | involved the internment of Japanese-Americans on the west coast of the U.S. |
| Boy Scouts of America v. Dale | battle between a private group's ability to keep out individuals who are in contrast with their personal beliefs and values |
| Mapp v. Ohio | case that stated a (valid) search warrant is needed to be able to obtain evidence |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | case entered around 6th Amendment rights to have counsel regardless of the offense committed |
| Texas v. Johnson | Supreme Court ruled that desecration of the flag represented free speech in this case |
| Reynolds v. U.S. | in this case plaintiff argued that polygamy (more than one spouse) was protected under the 1st Amendment |
| Wesberry v. Sanders | case dealt with apportionment and equal representation based on population size of house districts |
| $2.4 trillion | total health care spending in 2007 |
| 42.6 million | number of uninsured Americans in 1999 |
| 46 million | number of uninsured Americans in 2007 |
| defense | next largest government expense after health care |
| 4 | Employee health care premiums are rising at a rate ____ times faster than their earnings |
| Public and Private | two types of problems |
| Health Maintenance Organization | HMO stands for ____________________. |
| medicare | provides health care for senior citizens who need it |
| eminent domain | system where the government may take property from an owner and give just compensation |
| public use | if land is taken by eminent domain it must be put to _____. |
| Kelo v. New London | case that became a precedent for many eminent domain cases to follow |
| ought and should | flag words that indicate that values are involved |
| Fifth Amendment | amendment that discusses eminent domain |
| complaint | a civil lawsuit begins when the plaintiff files a _____. |
| compensation and equity | principles that civil cases are settled according to |
| injunction | a court order to do or not do a certain act |
| subpoena | a court order to produce a document or witness |
| deposition | a record of answers to questions asked of a witness before a trial |
| answer | a written response to a complaint |
| compensation | a payment that is meant to make up for the harm caused by another's acts |
| damages | money paid to make up for a loss |
| Uniform Commercial Code | collection of laws that cover consumers rights |
| equity | the use to general rules of fairness to settle conflicts |
| lawsuits | cases in which a court is asked to settle a dispute |
| mediation | the process by which people agree to use a third party to help settle a conflict |
| discovery | the process of gathering evidence before a trial |
| complaint | a legal document that charges someone with having caused harm |
| contracts | legal agreements between buyers and sellers |
| morals | beliefs about what is fair and what is right and wrong |
| common law | a body of law based on judge's decisions |
| criminal law | refers to the group of laws that tell which acts are crimes, how accused persons should be tried in court, and how crimes should be punished |
| misdemeanor | a crime for which the penalty is a jail sentence of not more than one year, a fine, or both |
| psychologist | Lawrence Kohlberg's profession |
| ordinances | laws typically written by city councils |
| rule of law | refers to idea that all people must obey the law, and no person is considered above or outside the law |
| code of Hammurabi | first legal code ever found, had 282 laws |
| legal codes | a written collection of laws |
| laws | rules of society that are enforced by government |
| statutes | written laws made by legislatures |
| civil disobedience | breaking a law because it goes against one's personal morals |
| felony | a crime for which the penalty is imprisonment for more than one year, a large fine, or both |
| Justinian Code | a collection of Roman laws which influenced the development of laws in Europe and the U.S. |
| citizen | one with certain rights and duties under a government |
| naturalized | gone through the process of becoming a citizen |
| alien | a citizen on one country who lives in another |
| representatives | people who are chosen to speak and act for their fellow citizens in government |
| jury of peers | a group of clients who decide a court case |
| witnesses | people who have seen events or heard conversations related to crime, or who have special information |
| common good | the well-being of all members of society |
| candidate | a person running for office |
| social roles | roles people play in real life |
Combine with other sets
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