| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Seismic Waves | the vibrations that constantly records ground movements |
| longitudinal Wave | A type of wave in which the distance moves in the same direction that the waves travel |
| Molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds so that they move as a single unit |
| Covalent Bond | A pair of electrons shared by two atoms |
| Chemical Formula | the expression that shows the number and types of atoms joined in a compound |
| Refraction | the bending of a waev as it crosses the boundry between two mediums at an angle other than go degress |
| period | a horizontal row in the peridic table of the element |
| group | a verticle column in the periodic table of the elements |
| exothermic | a chemical reaction that releases energy |
| Precipitate | A solid substance that forms as a result of a reaction between chemical in two liquids |
| Product | A substance formed by a chemical reaction |
| Metallic Bond | A certain type of bons in which nuclei float in a sea of electrons |
| Reactants | A substance that is present at the beginning of a chemical reaction |
| Polar Covalent Bond | Unequal sharing od electrons between two atoms that gives rise to negative and positive regions of electric charge |
| Endothermic | A chemical reaction that absorbs energy |
| Metal | A element that tens to be shinny, easily, shaped, and a good conductor of heat |
| Non Metals | An element that is not a metal and has properties generally opposite to those of a metal |
| Chemical Reaction | A process by wich chemical changes occur |
| Tsunami | A water wave causeed by an earthquacke, valcanic eruption, or landslide |
| Ionic Bond | The Electrical arrtaction between a negative ion and a positive ion |
| Subscript | A number written slightly below and to the right of a chemical symbol |
| Seismic Waves | The vibrations that constantly rescords ground movements |
| Metalloids | An element that has properties of both metals and non metals |
| Earthquake | A shaking of the ground caused by the sudden movements of large bloacks of rock along a fault |
| Volcano | An opening in the crust through which molten rock, rock fragments, and hot gasses erupt |
| Lava | Molten rock that reaches a planets surface throught a volcano |
| Fault | A fracture in Earths lithosphere along which blocks of rock move past each other |
| Continental Drift | The hypothesis that earths continents move on earths surface |
| Interferrance | The meeting and combining of waves |
| Outer core | A layer of molten metal, mainly nickel, and iron, that surrounds earths inner core |
| Seismograph | A instrument that constantly records ground movement |
| Theory of PLate Tectonics | A Theory stating that earths lithosphere is broken into huge plates that move and change in size over time |
| HOT Spot | An area where a column of hot material rises from deep within a planets mantle and heats the lithospere above it |
| Continental-Continental Collision | A boundary along which two platers carrying continental crust pushed togethert |
| Mantle | the layer of rock between earths core and crust, in which most rock is hot enought to flow in cinvection currents |
| Neucleus | Central region of an atome where most of the atom mass is found in protons and neutrons |
| Folded Mountain | A mountain that forms as continental crust is compressed and rocks bend into large folds |
| Medium | A substance through which a wave moves |
| Crest | The highest point of a wave |
| Transverse Waves | A type pf wave in which the distance moves at right angles, or perpendicular, to the direction in which the waves travel |
| Atomis Mass | The average mass of the atoms of an element |
| Atomic Number | The number of prtons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus |
| Ion | An Atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negitive electrical charge |
| Periodic Table | A table of elements, arranged by atomic number, that shows the patterns in their properties |
| Coefficient | The number befor a chemical formula that indicates how many molecules are involved in a chemical reaction |
| Electon | A negatively charged particle located outside an atoms nucleus |
| Wave Length | The distnace from one wave crest to the next crest |
| Amplitude | The maximum distance that a disturbance causes a medium to move from its rest position |
| Proton | A positively charged particle located in an atoms nucleus |
| Trough | The lowest point, or valley, of a wave |
| Crust | A thin layer of rock above a planets mantle, including all dry land, and ocean basins |
| Inner Core | A solid sphere of matal, mainly mickel and iron, at earths center |
| Oceanic-Continental Subduction | A boundary along which a platecarryong oceanic crust sinks beneath a plate with continental crust. |
| Epicenter | The point on earths surface directly above the focous of an earthquake |
| Foucus | In an Earthquake, the point unferground where the rocks first begin to move |
| Pangea | A hypothetical super continent that included all the landmasses on earth |
| Transform Boundary | A boundary along which two textonic plates scrape past each other |
| Convergent Boundary | A boundary along which two tectonic plates push together |
| Divergent Boundary | A boundary along which two tectonic plates move apart |
| Mid-Ocean Ridge | A long line of sea-floor mountains where new ocean crust is formes by volcanic activity along a divergent boundary |
| Convention Current | A circulation pattern in which material is heated and rises in one area, then cools and sinks in another area |
| Tectonic Plates | One of the large, moving pieces into which Earths lithosphere is broken and which commonly carries both oceanic and continental crust |
| Lithosphere | The layer of earth made up of the crust and the rigid rock of the upper mantle |
| Asthenosphere | The layer of earths upper mantle and directly underthe lithopshere in which rock is soft and weak because it is close to melting |
| Respiration | The physical and chemical processes by which a living thing exchanges gasses with the enivroment |
| Frequency | The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time, usually one second |
| Reflection | The bouncin back of a wave after it strikes a barrier |
| Diffraction | The spreading out of waves as they pass through an opening or around the edges og an obstacle |
| Caralyst | A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed in the reaction |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | A law stating that atoms are not created or destryoed in a chemical reaction |
| Wave | A distrubance that transfers energy from one place to another without requiring matter to move the intire distance |
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