Chapter 4
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Created by:
PHSwilsonja on February 13, 2012
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 [glucose] | This symbol [ ] means concentration, specifically the concentration of glucose. You can put anything in the [ ] that you want to express in terms of concentration. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of a substance from [high] to [low] without the use of energy. Can be directly through the cell membrane or through special proteins. |
| Concentration Gradient | The difference in [ ] of a substance across a space. |
| Equilibrium | [substance] is equal throughout a space |
| Diffusion | Movement of any substance from [high] to [low] through the cell membrane only and requires no energy. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (like the cell membrane) |
| Hypertonic Solution | Water moves out of the cell and causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis. |
| Hypotonic Solution | Water moves into the cell and causes a cell to expand because of osmosis. |
| Isotonic Solution | Water moves at equal rates causing no change in the size of a cell. |
| Ion Channel | A transport protein that ions (charged atoms) move through. |
| Carrier Protein | A transport protein that transports a specific substance. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | A type of passive transport that uses a carrier protein. |
| Active Transport | A type of active transport that moves a substance from [low] to [high] (against the gradient) |
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | A carrier protein used in active transport important for nerve cells. |
| Endocytosis | A type of active transport that moves a large substance INSIDE the cell with the use of a vesicle. |
| Exocytosis | A type of active transport that moves a large substance OUTSIDE the cell with the use of a vesicle. |
| Receptor Protein | A type of protein that binds to a signal molecule, enabling the cell to respond to the signal molecule. |
| Second Messenger | Acts as a signal molecule in the cytoplasm. |
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