Ch9 Chemistry
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chemical equation | a statement using chemical formulas to describe the identities and relative amounts of the reactants and products involved in the chemical reaction. |
| chemical reaction | the process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances; occurrence can be indicated by changes in temperature, color, odor, and physical state. |
| coefficient | in a chemical equation, the number written in front of a reactant or product in a balanced equation describes the lowest whole-number ration of the amounts of all reactants and products. |
| product | a substance formed during chemical reactions |
| reactant | the starting substance in a chemical reaction |
| combustion reaction | a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light. |
| decomposition reaction | a chemical reaction that occurs when a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds |
| double-replacement reaction | a chemical reaction that involves the exchange of ions between two compounds and produces either a precipitate, a gas, or water. |
| precipitate | a solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution |
| single-replacement reaction | a chemical reaction that occur when the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound |
| synthesis reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more substances react to yield a single product. |
| aqueous solution | a solution in which the solvent is water |
| complete ionic equation | an ionic equation that shows all the particles in a solution as they realistically exist |
| net ionic equation | an ionic equation that includes only the particles that participate in the reaction |
| solute | one or more substances dissolved in a solution |
| spectator ion | ion that does not participate in a reaction |
| solvent | the substance the dissolves in a solute to form a solution; the most plentiful substance in the solution |
| lighting a match | What is an example of a chemical reaction? |
| are found on the right hand side of the equation for the reaction | In chemical reactions, the products _____ |
| the products contain different elements than the reactants | What is NOT true about a chemical reaction? |
| the kinds of atoms remain the same | how are chemical changes like physical changes? |
| matter is created | carbon dioxide, sodium acetate, and water form when sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid react. Even though three products form from two-reactants it is wrong to conclude that ____ |
| true | true/false the law of conservation of mass means that matter cannot be created or destroyed but it can be rearranged |
| energy is absorbed | in an endothermic reaction, the temperature decreases because ______ |
| formed | in a chemical reaction a new substances is _____ |
| chemical change | chemical reactions are also called ________ |
| temperature change, release of energy in form of heat/light, absorption of energy | evidence of chemical reactions are... |
| chemical equations | what represents chemical reactions? |
| reactants | what is present before the reaction? |
| products | what is left after the reaction? |
| arrow | shows the chemical change, reads as "yields" or "produces" |
| plus sign | a _______ is put when there is more than on reactant or product |
| word equations | statements which use words to describe a chemical reaction |
| chemical formulas | in skeleton equations use ________ rather than words to show reactants and products |
| law of conservation of mass | a skeleton equation is incorrect since it doesn't observe the _______________ |
| equal | the equation must show that the number of atoms of each reactant and product is _____ on both sides of the arrow |
| coefficients | this is done by adding _______ in front of the reactants or products |
| synthesis, combustion, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement | types of reactions? |
| synthesis reaction | A + B --> AB |
| synthesis | combustion reaction is a type of _____ reaction with oxygen by itself on the left |
| combustion reaction | 2H + O --> 2HO |
| decomposition | opposite of synthesis |
| decomposition | AB --> A + B |
| decomposition reaction | 1 compound breaks into its parts with plus signs in between |
| single replacement | A + BX --> AX + B |
| double replacement | AX + BY --> AY + BX |
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