Prentice Hall Biology Chapter 11 Vocabulary
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | a process where the male and female reproductive cells join |
| true-breeding | if they were allowed to self-pollinat, they would produce offspring identical to themselves |
| trait | a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| hybrids | the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| genes | the chemical factors that determine traits |
| alleles | different forms of a gene |
| segregation | separation |
| gametes | sex cells |
| probability | the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| Punnett square | a diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| homozygous | organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | organisms that two different alleles for the same trait |
| phenotype | physical characteristics |
| genotypes | genetic make up |
| independent assortment | a principal that the alleles for seed shape segregated independently those for seed color |
| incomplete dominance | cases in which one allele is not completely dominant dominant over another |
| codominance | a situation in which both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
| multiple alleles | genes that ahem more than two alleles |
| polygenic traits | having many genes |
| homologous | each of the 4 chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent |
| diploid | a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| haploid | cells that contain only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes |
| meiosis | a process of reproduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| tetrad | structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis |
| crossing-over | a process where tetrads exchange portions of there chromatids |
| gene map | diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome |
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