| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Extinct | No member of the species remains alive - anywhere in the world |
| Extinct in the Wild | Individuals remain alive - in human controlled situations |
| Globally Extinct | Extinct in the wild - across its entire range |
| Locally Extinct | No longer found in the area it once inhabited |
| Ecologically Extinct | Persists at reduced numbers - effects on other species are negligible |
| Fossil Record | Individual species survive from 1 - 10 million years before extinction/evolving |
| Background Extinction Rate | 1 - 10 species/year |
| Documented Mass Extinctions | 5 periods |
| Human-induced Extinctions - Historic | 1/ Megafauna - Australia, N & S America 2/ Pacific Islands |
| Human-induced Extinctions - Modern | 1/ European colonization of Pacific 2/ Caribbean, Indian Ocean islands 3/ Australia |
| Present Human-induced Extinction Rates | 100 - 1000 times greater than background rates |
| Cookie-cutter Model of Extinctions 1 | Randomly destroyed habitat - weak correlation; extinctions/total number of species |
| Cookie-cutter Model of Extinctions 2 | Randomly destroyed habitat - extinctions correlate strongly with number of endemics |
| Cookie-cutter Model - examples | 1/ Tropical Andes, Ecuador 2/ Madagascar |
| Hotspots for Extinctions | 1/ Endemic rich areas 2/ Islands |
| Species-area Curve | Correlation between 1/ number of species endemic to an area 2/ size of the area |
| Species-area Curve Inferences 1 | Neotropics extinctions: 1/ 15% flora 2/ 12% Amazonian birds 1986 - 2000 |
| Species-area Curve - Brook et al. (2003) | Singapore extinctions: 1/ observed = 28% 2/ inferred = 73% |
| Species-area Hypothesis | Larger areas support 1/ more niches 2/ speciation 3/ habitats 4/ numbers of organisms |
Combine with other sets
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