art history exam 1
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69 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 the village of romulus | palatine hill, rome, 8th century bce, wattle and daub construction; treated as shrine to the earlier settlements of rome |
| model and plan of a typical etruscan temple | 6th century bce, from a description by vitruvius |
| apollo (apulo) | from veii, 510 bce, terra-cotta |
| new york kouros | 590-580 bce |
| temple of jupiter capitolinus | rome, 509 BCE, for jupiter/juno/minerva |
| temple of portunus | rome, 75 bce, travertine and tufa; built on banks of tiber river; marriage of greek and etruscan design |
| opus caementicium | hydraulic-setting cement, brick-faced, pozzolana (volcanic) sand |
| temple of vesta or hercules victor | rome, mid-second century bce, tholos, manubial |
| sanctuary of hercules | tivoli,italy, 50 bce, brick-faced concrete, arches of the portico |
| sanctuary of fortuna | palestrina, italy, late 2nd century bce, built into 17th century palace; terraces and ramps; spooky/magical atmosphere; has hemicycles; barrel vault in concrete |
| house of the faun | pompeii, 2nd century bce-79 ce; eponymous bronze statuette of a faun in the tuscan atrium; series of mosaics: scene of the nile, dionysos on a tiger |
| arringatore | aule metele, 90-70 BCE, bronze |
| st. ildefonso group | school of pasiteles, 25 bce, marble, head of antinous added in 2nd century ce |
| apollo sauroktonos | praxiteles, 4th century bce |
| head of the doryphoros | polykleitos, 5th century bce |
| archaistic female figure | early 5th century bce |
| orestes and electra | school of pasiteles,50-25 bce, marble |
| portrait of a man from otricoli | 50 bce, republican period verism |
| head of an old man from osimo, italy | mid 1st century bce, marble |
| portrait of a woman from palombara sabina | 30s bce |
| pseudo-athlete | from delos, house of the diadoumenos, early 1st century bce |
| diadoumenos | polykleitos, 450 bce |
| doryphoros | polykleitos, 450 bce |
| portrait of a general from tivoli | 75-50 bce |
| man with busts of ancestors (barberini togatus) | late 1st century bce |
| portrait of pompey "the great" | rome, copy of an original from 50 bce, marble |
| bronze coin of pompey | 46-45 bce |
| portrait of alexander the great | pella, macedonia, 330 bce |
| theater of pompey, temple of venus victrix | rome, 55 bce, manubial product of pompey's triple triumph in the mediterranean, mosaic portrait made of pearls, 1st permanent theater in rome, concrete and travertine and luxurious imported marbles |
| the death of caesar | juan-leon gerome, 1867; body of caesar is at the foot of statue of pompey |
| monument of aemilius paulus | battle of pydna, 168 bce, delphi,greece; formerly monument of king perseus of macedon |
| altar of domitius ahenobarbus | late 2nd or early 1st century bce; scenes of the wedding of neptune and amphritrite; nothing to do with altar or dom. aheno.; some reliefs are myhological-hellenistic while others are roman in style; together they all show the blending of greek and roman style |
| Gigantomachy scene from the Great Altar | pergamon, turkey, 180 bce; how to be a good roman: worship mars, take part in the census; everyday life; bull/sheep/pig sacrifice; animals are unusually big; people are wearing roman dress |
| portrait of julius caesar | 44 bce, green basalt; possibly a forgery because of irises/pupils; material shows power and alludes to lover cleopatra |
| denarius with portrait of julius caesar | silver, "dictator perpetuo", 44 bce; 1st time a living roman was put on a coin; hellenistic-kingdom to do this on a coin |
| plan of the forum of caesar | forum julium, rome, begun 54 bce, temple of venus genetrix |
| temple of venus genetrix | vowed 48 bce, dedicated 46 bce, forum portico; displayed statues of nymphs, alexander the great, caesar, and later tiberius; octistyle but seems rectangular, interior frieze is erotes (cupids) with spoils of war = love and war |
| plan of a typical roman house (domus) | 2nd and 1st centuries bce; fauces, atrium, impluvium, cubiculum, tablinum, triclinium, peristyle |
| house of the vettii | atrium: compluvium and impluvium; 2nd cent bce, rebuilt 3rd quarter of 1st century ce, peristyle garden has statuettes of dionysos |
| house of the sallust 3rd cent bce | pompeii; bordered by small 1 room shops that were many times owned by house owners |
| house of the sallust 1st cent bce | pompeii, many changes, more complex, lots of garden and entertainment space |
| painting and statue of god priapos | in house of the vettii; god of fertility and material wealth/prosperity, bag of money and his penis on scales |
| alexander mosaic | house of the faun, early 1st century bce mosaic copy of a hellenistic painting |
| villa of the mysteries | pompeii, early 2nd century bce; enter house into peristyle then atrium, rustic/functional aspect, olive oil press in a room, built on a terrace |
| house of octavius quartio | pompeii, 62-79 ce; mix between domus and villa, huge garden; canals and fountains surrounded by statuettes, outdoor dining area; statuettes of dionysos and a lion attacking an antelope |
| villa of the papyri | herculaneum; known for carbonized scrolls, 2 peristyles, luxurious |
| samnite house painting | herculaneum, 2nd cent bce, reproduces a wall made of blocks of different colors of marble; brick concrete covered in plaster and painting blocks with molded seams that create texture/relief |
| house of the griffins fresco | palatine hill, rome, 100-80 bce, early 2nd style example, imitations and illusionistic columns |
| villa of publius fannius synistor | boscoreale, 40-50 bce; room of the masks |
| house of augustus | palatine hill, rome, 30-25 bce; illusionistic architecture motifs, reduction in color palette, each wall divided in 3 part structure with door and flanking windows |
| villa of vivia | gardenscape, primaporta, italy, 30-20 bce; depth illusion; animals don't coexist in nature |
| villa A - oplontis | discovered 1950s, huge collection of marble sculptures, eclectic in subject matter, wall painting detailed and artistic |
| dionysiac mystery rites | villa of the mystery rites, pompeii, 60-50 bce, frescoes show signs of rites, stage and illusionistic characteristics, over life-size figures |
| red room and black rooms | villa of agrippa postumus, boscotrecase, italy, 10 bce; red: no view of distant space, like an art gallery; black: architecture couldn't exist in nature on walls |
| ixion and penthius rooms | house of the vettii, pompeii, 62-79 ce, brings all styles together, presence of mythological paintings, illusionistic windows |
| sestertius with portraits of divus julius and octavian | 37-31 bce; octavian declares caesar god on coin and he is son of god; has a beard of mourning |
| portrait of octavian | arles, 37 bce; young man with beard of mourning, prototype for future portraits, source of propaganda, lobster claw hairstyle |
| portrait of augustus wearing corona civica | early 1st century ce, marble; bust likely fitted onto larger body, lobster claw hair, young man |
| augustus as imperator | primaporta, tiberian copy from 15 ce of augustan original from 20 bce; marble because of tripod; pose tells us of social programs, cupid mythological allusion, dolphin is rivals symbol, can see irises; breast plate: sky, sun, dawn, barbarian personifications, augustus and a parthian, apollo and diana, mother earth |
| augustus as pontifex maximus | after 12 bce; toga on head means hallowed ground or ritual, head is carved separately from body |
| livia from the fayum | egypt, after 4 ce; typical; hairstyle she made popular, idealized, large eyes but other features small |
| livia in basalt | late 30s bce, dense and hard stone means lack of detail, material adds expense |
| posthumous portraits of livia | 50s ce; forever young; idealized; hair style changes even after she's died |
| lucius and gaius | grandsons of augustus; corinth, greece, heroic nudity is eastern greek; lobster style hair is dynastic commemoration |
| portrait of gaius caesar | from julian basilica, corinth, greece, 13-9 bce |
| mausoleum of augustus | begun 28 bce, rome, campus martius, centrally planned, tholos (gilded bronze statue) of augustus on top, obelisks that allude to egypt, bronze plaque with autobiography, prototype may be etruscan tumulus tombs from cerveten, mound version = etruscan, reconstruction with trees = what architecture is capable of |
| pyramid of gaius cestius | 15-12 bce, rome, post battle of actium, egpytian art = egyptomania, solid travertine, underground chamber with 2nd style wall paintings |
| tomb of marcus vergilius eurysaces | the baker's tomb, rome, late 1st century bce; prime real esate, unusual form with unknown prototype, porthole and cylinder column things, autobio narrative frieze at the top, talks about bread making; he was a baker for the roman army, shows he didn't cheat them |
| Ara Pacis Augustae | altar of the augustan peace; rome; 13-9 bce, maybe from luna (carrara) = quarry that most augustinian things are made from; alludes to greek but italian origin; ties together augustinian ideology; altar = for animal ritual and sacrifice; marble interior; fence and garlands = religious rustic shrine in nature; garlands are a botanical impossibility; acanthus scrolls goes around entire lower level of exterior wall; swans on scrolls is a physical impossibility; south and north frieze are the procession of imperial family; children being children on north and south frieze was unusual; very roman friezes; east and west = mythological; relief of tellus (earth) or pax (peace): more aristocrats, animals mean sacrifice and coexisting aka augustine peace, ketos sea serpent means eace on land, water, and sky |
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