Holt Intro to Matter Chapter 5 Periodic Table
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Published the first Periodic Table in 1863 | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| Dmitri Mendeleev arranged elements in order of increasing | atomic mass |
| Able to be hammered into sheets | malleable |
| Able to be pulled in thin wire | ductile |
| Able to carry/transmit electricity and heat | good conductors |
| Shiny | lustrous |
| A horizontal row of elements organized from left to right | period |
| A vertical column of elements organized from top to bottom | group |
| Elements in the periodic table are divided into 3 classes | metals, metalloids and nonmetals |
| Located on the right side of the periodic table and mostly gases (not malleable, not ductile, not good conductors, not lustrous) | nonmetals |
| Located on the left side of the periodic table and mostly solids (malleable, ductile, good conductors, lustrous) | metals |
| The group that contains metals, 1 valence electron, very reactive and are soft; silver-colored; shiny; low density | group 1 Alkali Metals |
| The group that contains metals, 2 valence electrons very reactive, but less reactive than alkali metals; silver-colored; more dense than alkali metals | group 2 Alkaline-earth Metals |
| Small cute mammal with nose that twitches | Bunny |
| The group that have 1 or 2 valence electrons, less reactive than alkaline-earth metals; shiny; good conductors of thermal energy and electric current; higher densities and melting points (except mercury) than elements in Groups 1 and 2 | group 3-12 Transition Metals |
| Period 6 Transition metals that follow the transition metal lanthanum and are shiny, reactive metals | lanthanides |
| Period 7 Transition metal that follow the transition metal actinides and are radioactive and unstable; most are synthetic (made in the lab) | actinides |
| The group that have one metalloid and 4 metals and 3 valence electrons, and are reactive and are solid at room temperature | group 13 Boron |
| The group that have one nonmetal, 2 metalloids and 2 metals and 4 valence electrons and reactivity varies and are solid at room temperature | group 14 Carbon |
| The group that has 2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, 1 metal and 5 valence electrons and reactivity varies and all but nitrogen are solid at room temperature | group 15 Nitrogen |
| The group that has 3 nonmetals, 1 metalloid, 1 metal and 6 valence electrons and reactive and all but oxygen are solid at room temperature | group 16 Oxygen |
| The group that has nonmetals, 7 valence electrons, very reactive, poor conductors of electric current, react violently with alkali metals to form salts; never found uncombined in nature | group 17 Halogens |
| The group that has nonmetals, 8 valence electrons (2 for helium), unreactive, colorless, ordorless gases at room temperature | group 18 Noble Gases |
| "Odd duck" No group, Metalloid, 1 valence electron, reactive, colorless, odorless gas at room temperature; low density; reacts explosively with oxygen; most abundant element in the universe | Hydrogen |
| Staircase of 6 Elements located between metals and nonmetals (some malleable, some ductile, some good conductors, some lustrous) | Metalloids |
| Increases by one Proton across each Period | Atomic Number |
| Atoms of each element have the same number of it as their Period Number | Electron Shells |
| Electrons in the outer-most shells | Valence Electrons |
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