Chapter 18 Review
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hypothalamus Hormones | ADH (anti-diuretic hormone), oxytocin and regulatory hormones |
| Pituitary Gland Hormones | Anterior Lobe: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), GH (growth hormone), PRL (prolactin), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone). Posterior Lobe: Oxytocin and ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) |
| Thyroid Gland Hormones | T4 (thyroxine), T3 (triiodothyronine) and CT (calcitonin) |
| Adrenal Gland Hormones | Adrenal Medulla: E (epinephrine) and NE (norepinephrine) Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone and androgens |
| Pancreas Hormones | Insulin and Glucagon |
| Pineal Gland Hormones | Melatonin |
| Parathyroid Gland Hormones | PTH (parathyroid hormone) |
| Heart Hormones & Effects | Hormones: ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) and BNP (brain natriuretic peptide). Effects: Increases water and salt loss at kidneys; decreases thirst; suppresses secretion of ADH and aldosterone |
| Thymus Hormones & Effects | Hormones: Thymosins; Effects: Coordinate and regulate immune response |
| Adipose Tissue Hormones & Effects | Hormone: Leptin; Effects: Suppression of appetite; permissive effects on GnRH and gonadotropin synthesis |
| Digestive Tract Hormones | Secretes numerous hormones involved in the coordination of system functions, glucose, metabolism and appetite. |
| Intestine Hormones & Effects | Hormones: Secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, etc.; Effects: Coordinates digestive activities |
| Kidney Hormones & Effects | Hormones: EPO (erythropoietin) and Calcitriol; Effects: Stimulates red blood cell production; stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption; stimulates Ca+ release from bone; inhibits PTH secretion |
| Gonad Hormones | Testes: Androgens (esp testosterone) and inhibin Ovaries: Estrogens, progestins, inhibin |
| TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) Effect | Secretion of Thyroid hormones |
| ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) Effect | Secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone) |
| FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) Effect | Secretion of estrogen, follicle development |
| LH (Luteinizing hormone) Effect | Ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, secretion of progesterone |
| PRL (Prolactin) Effect | Production of milk |
| GH (Growth hormone) Effect | Growth, protein synthesis, lipid mobilization and catabolism |
| MSH (Melanocyte-stimulating hormone) Effect | Increased melanin synthesis in epidermis |
| ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) Effect | Reabsorption of water, elevation of blood volume and pressure |
| OXT (Oxytocin) Effect | Labor contractions, milk ejection (females) Contractions of the ductus deferens and prostate gland (males) |
| T4 (Thyroxine) & T3 (triiodothyronine) Effect | Increases energy utilization, oxygen consumption, growth and developement |
| CT (Calcitonin) | Decreases Ca+ concentrations in body fluids |
| PTH (Parathyroid hormone) Effect | Increases Ca+ concentrations in body fluids |
| Mineralocorticoids (primarily aldosterone) Effect | Increase renal reabsorption of Na+ and water (esp in the presence of ADH) and accelerate urinary loss of K+ |
| Glucocorticoids (cortisol [hydrocortisone], corticosterone) Effect | Release of amino acids from skeletal muscles and lipids from adipose tissues; promote liver formation of glucose and glycogen; promote peripheral utilization of lipids; anti-inflammatory effects |
| Androgens Effect | Not important in adult men; encourages bone growth, muscle, growth, and blood formation in children and women |
| Epinephrine, norepinephrine Effect | Increases cardiac activity, blood pressure, glycogen breakdown, blood glucose levels; releases lipids by adipose tissue |
| Alpha Cells Hormonal Effect | Mobilizes lipid reserves; promotes glucose synthesis and glycogen breakdown in liver; elevates blood glucose concentrations |
| Beta Cells Hormonal Effect | Facilitates uptake of glucose by target cells; stimulates formation and storage of lipids and glycogen |
| Delta Cells Hormonal Effect | Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion; slows rates of nutrients absorption and enzyme secretion along digestive tract |
| F Cells Hormonal Effect | Inhibits gallbladder contraction; regulates production of pancreatic enzymes; influences rate of nutrient absorption by digestive tract |
| 4 Forms of Cellular Communication | 1) Direct Communication - through gap junctions; 2 cells of the same type, must be in extensive physical contact (ions) 2) Paracrine Communication - through extracellular fluid; transfer from cell to cell within a single tissue (paracrine factors) 3) Endocrine Communication - through the bloodstream; target cells in other tissues and organs (hormones) 4) Synaptic Communication - across synaptic clefts; limited to very specific area (neurotransmitters) |
| Hormones - definition | Chemical messengers |
| 3 Classes of Hormones | 1) Amino acid derivatives, 2) peptide hormones, and 3) lipid derivatives |
| Endocrine Reflexes - Definition & 3 Triggers | Definition: The functional counterparts of neural reflexes; Triggers: 1) Humoral Stimuli (changes in the composition of the extracellular fluid), 2) Hormonal Stimuli (the arrival or removal of a specific hormone), and 3) Neural Stimuli (the arrival of neurotransmitters at neuroglandular junctions). |
| Regulatory Hormones | Special hormones that control endocrine cells in the pituitary gland |
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