| # |
Definition |
Sets |
| 1 |
modulate, they don't cause behavior, hormones affect behavior, and behavior effectshormones |
4 sets |
| 2 |
hormones activate sexual behavior, in most animals they synchronize sex with fertility |
3 sets |
| 3 |
pilluitary gland [master gland] |
3 sets |
| 4 |
levels increase throughout body and stimulate physical changes (development of secondary sexual characteristics), activate reproductive behavior |
2 sets |
| 5 |
early/late maturation, high androgen = aggression in males high estrogen= depression in females, risk taking |
2 sets |
| 6 |
care for newborns during the first few days |
2 sets |
| 7 |
- most important regulators of behavior are steroids and peptides type of hormones
-causing sexual maturation
- controlling reproductive cycles
- those released during stress, competition and bonding
- hormones affect behavior by bonding receptors in the brain |
2 sets |
| 8 |
hormones direct the development of male and female sexual characteristics
for both men and women, but more for women, hormones activate sexual behavior
estrogen - affects female sexual behavior, it peeks during ovulation. sexual activity is 24% more likely on days around ovulation. women fantasize about sex on days around ovulation. women also wear sexually attractive clothing on days around ovulation.
testosterone - affects male sexual behavior. compared to estrogen, normal fluctuations have little affect on the sex drive of men. |
1 set |
| 9 |
alter activity in certain brain regions -> change the way the brain responds to certain stimuli. a few examples:
t and probably e decrease pain and anxiety
decreases in t & e associated w/ memory problems
e stimulates growth of dendritic spines in hippocampus
e increases production of dopamine & serotonin receptors in nucleus accumbens, pfc, olfactory cortex, other cortical regions
in terms of sexual behavior, hormones change activity in some brain regions & change sensitivity of penis, vagina and cervix. |
1 set |
| 10 |
ghrelin, leptin, arcuate n. |
1 set |
| 11 |
change activity in some brain regions and change sensitivity of penis, vagina, and cervix. |
1 set |
| 12 |
estradiol and progesterone (facilitator of estrogen). ovariectomized rats are not sexually receptive but can be restored when given these two hormones. |
1 set |
| 13 |
human sexual behavior less tied to hormones: normal short term fluctuations do not have much of an impact on human sexual motivation withing normal limits.arousal in males tends to increase the testosterone not the other way around. |
1 set |
| 14 |
androgens |
1 set |
| 15 |
-oxytocin-released during nursing interaction and during orgasm; in females promotes pair-bonds
-vasopressin-in male prairie voles, facilitates the formation of pair-bonds with females |
1 set |
| 16 |
oxytocin and vasopressing |
1 set |
| 17 |
hormonal factors may partially explain negative and variable emotions in adolescents; boys higher level of androgens-violence/behavior problems, girls-negative affect/mood; social factors have more of an effect on behaviors |
1 set |
| 18 |
--endocrine glands influencing sexual behavior are the gonads
-- gonadal hormones are identical in males and females but androgens (testosterone) are more prevalent in males. estrogens are more prevalent in females
--removal of the gonads impacts sexual desire and in females, terminates estrus |
1 set |
| 19 |
(experiment)shanberg- noradrenaline released from stress causing impaired cognitive performance( rats taken out of natural envirornment) |
1 set |
| 20 |
estrogen-female, testosterone-male, in hypothalamus |
1 set |
| 21 |
hormones have influence on behavior through their influence on development and physiological state of an animal.
ed. male and female songbirds both hear and recognize the specie specific songs, but only the male can sing, and if the female is injected with testosterone in spring they too learn to sing. hormones can control behavior by changing brain structure and function. |
1 set |
| 22 |
behavior ultimately dependent on nervous system and hormones (proximal basis: determine when behavior is performed, when it is learned) testosterone in songbirds allow singing in males, females sing if injected |
1 set |
| 23 |
-direct development of male and female characteristics
-activate sexual behavior |
1 set |
| 24 |
development - directly or indirectly controls behavior and activation - priming an organism |
1 set |
| 25 |
giving birth, not |
1 set |
| 26 |
h act on cns which conducts b; cns is also acted on by sensory systems (input) and then acts out effectors (output) -> b; b loops around to h |
1 set |
| 27 |
human males testosterone plays an important role; it increases interest in sex and sex increases it; huge increase in it in adolescence and then decreases across the lifespan interest in sex that is parallel with these overall changes
human female desire is less impacted by estrogen and impacted more by testosterone & even more by oxytocin (the "interpersonal feel good" hormone; feelings of closeness & caring during interactions as well as sex, childbirth, & breast feeding) |
1 set |
| 28 |
•acetylcholine: muscle contraction and role in the development of memory in the hippocampus
•dopamine: voluntary movement, learning, and feelings of pleasure
•norepinephrine: arousal, alertness, and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
•serotonin: sleep, arousal levels, and emotion |
1 set |
| 29 |
oxytocin "love hormone" 1. childbirth, lactation 2. hugs and touching 3. facial expressions 4. bond b/w mother and child
melatonin "sleep hormone" responds to light and dark. 24-hour circadian rhythms. sad (seasonal affect disorder) rosenthal 1987-- too much melatonin |
1 set |
| 30 |
steps in endocrine system |
1 set |
| 31 |
oxytocin: promotes bonding, trust, and has permissive effect on estrogen
vasopressin: social behavior, pair bonding, and released after sex |
1 set |
| 32 |
-sex hormones have 2 effects:
1. direct development of male & female sex oharac
2. to activate sexual behavior |
1 set |
| 33 |
maternal behavior and effection/ lactation/ milk ejection
defensive aggression/ energy to perform work (hunting and foraging)/ fertility (and suppression) |
1 set |
| 34 |
in men, fluctuations in testosterone have little effect on sexual drive; if hormonal surge is precluded, normal developmt of sex characteristics and sexual desire doesn't occur; hormones essential, but so are the psychological stimuli |
1 set |
| 35 |
a number of hormones influence sexuality, sensuality, and interperson attraction in humans ex- androgens and estrogens, both sexes produce male and female sex hormones, dominant androgen is testosterone and men produce 20-40 times more, estrogens produced in ovaries of female and in smaller quantities |
1 set |
| 36 |
-increased dopamine = increased desire
-testosterone increases libido in both men & women
-estrogen is key to lubrication in women
-progesterone mildly depresses desire in men & women
pregnant women (but some desire it more)
-oxytocin = pleasureable sensations in men & women following orgasm
release stimulated by nipple stimulation
cocaine affects dopamine: users want sex |
1 set |
| 37 |
effect the development of sexual characteristics and (in animals most) activate sexual behavior |
1 set |
| 38 |
direct the physical involvement of male and female sex characteristics, loosely influence sexual behavior, psychological stimuli more essential |
1 set |
| 39 |
three interacting mechanisms to achieve homeostasis |
1 set |
| 40 |
hormonal burst lead to quick emotional extremes
*hormones do not fuction independently
---influenced by environment/ social factors
*adults experience same hormonal effects
---in adolescence less familiar and controllable
*negative mood linked w/ negative life events
---increased frm childhood (life is changing, more responsibilites) |
1 set |
| 41 |
scholarly journal on hormones and behavioral affect. genetic manipulation and physiological supplements. |
1 set |
| 42 |
arginine vasotocin |
1 set |
| 43 |
oxytocin causes prairie voles to mate for life
-have more oxytocin receptors than mountain voles which are more...slutty |
1 set |
| 44 |
male rat: remove testes, will not react to female
remove testes as adult & add testosterone, will react to female
remove testes as baby, add testosterone later, and will not react to female |
1 set |
| 45 |
- induced by prl acting on the brain
- actions of prl in inducing maternal behavior require prior exposure to steroid hormones (estrogen, progesterone) |
1 set |
| 46 |
don't cause behavior but change the probability in a a specific context and are affected by experience, androgens are necessary but not sufficient for erections |
1 set |
| 47 |
• inconsistency in the research
• some studies find higher levels of testosterone related to aggressive behavior
• links between high levels of adrenal androgens & antisocial behavior have been found.
• a few studies show relationships between
increased levels of estrogen linked with
depression in adolescent girls.
• hormones are not themselves responsible for behavior |
1 set |
| 48 |
-activational effects of hormones |
1 set |
| 49 |
sex hormones effect development of sexual charactics and activate sexual behavior. |
1 set |
| 50 |
oxytocin
progesterone |
1 set |
| 51 |
direct the male and female characteristics, activate sexual behavior. |
1 set |
| 52 |
related, but we don't know how much |
1 set |
| 53 |
189-190 |
1 set |
| 54 |
hormones influence behavior
oxytocin and vasopressin play role in neurogenetics of sociality |
1 set |
| 55 |
testosterone - increases libido in men and women
estrogen - key to arousal in women
progesterone - decreases libido in men and women
oxytocin - involved in pleasure |
1 set |
| 56 |
hans seyle,1956
aim: studied the body's reaction to stress
- injected extracts of ovary tissue and observed enlarged adrenal glands, bleed ulcers.
- saw the same response when non-bodily tissue(ex excessive heat or cold, electrical shock etc) was injected into the rats.
- symtoms was due to stress, regardless of why person was stressed.
-"general adaptation syndrome,": (alarm, resistance and exhaustion) theorizing that poor stress adaptation is the basis of most disease.
alarm-stress hormone released by endocrine system. parasympathetic ns reduce arousal. resistnace- body is more mobilized by the continued outpouring of hormones.
exhaustion- continue for long- low effectiveness of immune system |
1 set |
| 57 |
androgens may effect sexual behavior.
exposure to prenatal androgens may influence ear structure and sexual orientation of non straight women.-lower
ring and index finger ratio |
1 set |
| 58 |
adrenaline and cortisol—pass through the placenta and affects fetus's motor activity...aggression |
1 set |
| 59 |
sex hormones:
1) testosterone in males
2) estradiol in females
sex hormones induce courtship activity in males and sexual activity in females. |
1 set |
| 60 |
sex hormones effect the development of sexual characteristics and (especially in animals) activate sexual behavior. |
1 set |
| 61 |
androgen: steroid hormone producing masculine sex characteristics and having an influence on body and bone growth as well as sex drive |
1 set |
| 62 |
leptin, ghrelin |
1 set |
| 63 |
sex hormones effect the development of sexual characteristics and (especially in animals) activate sexual behavior |
1 set |
| 64 |
secreted by gonads. regulated by pitutitary gland. estrogen in women, testosterone or androgen in males. modest impact |
1 set |
| 65 |
not needed for maintaining behavior
removal of glands no effect
males exhibit maternal behavior after more extended exposure to pup |
1 set |
| 66 |
next |
1 set |
| 67 |
sex hormones have two effects: they direct the physical development of male and female sexual characteristics and they activate sexual behavior |
1 set |
| 68 |
title slide |
1 set |
| 69 |
loosly. |
1 set |
| 70 |
the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen are present in both males and females. these hormones help out bodies develop a function as either male or female. assuming a normal level is present, hormones have a loose influence on human sexual behavior. |
1 set |
| 71 |
temp |
1 set |
| 72 |
many hormones affect the cns
changes in the normal mixture of hormones significantly alters intellectual capabilities, memory, learning and emotional states |
1 set |