| # |
Definition |
Sets |
| 1 |
full rom against gravity, with some resistance |
3 sets |
| 2 |
good, moderate resistance |
3 sets |
| 3 |
serratus posterior superior muscle |
3 sets |
| 4 |
all the sarcomeres do the same and the whole muscle shortens (contracts) |
3 sets |
| 5 |
movement possible against gravity and some resistance |
2 sets |
| 6 |
consists of cells that are specialized for contraction. |
2 sets |
| 7 |
myosin heads bind to active sites on actin molecules |
2 sets |
| 8 |
moves against resistance, but weak. |
2 sets |
| 9 |
1 excitability
2 contractility
3 extensability
4 elasticity |
2 sets |
| 10 |
ach is broken down by (ache) acetylcholinesterase (enzyme) ending contraction. goes on as long as atp and neuraltransmitter are around to power |
2 sets |
| 11 |
instruct patient in the action that you wish them to do (you want them to move away from the barrier that you have positioned them against) and how much force you want them to use. |
1 set |
| 12 |
o: adjacent sides of 1st-5th metatarsals
i: bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of extensor digitorum longus tendons; 1st: medial side of 2nd toe, 2nd-4th into lateral sides of 2nd -4th toes
n: lateral plantar n
a: abduction of 2nd-4th toes away from axis of 2nd toe, flexes mtp joint |
1 set |
| 13 |
-aka myocyte
-long, cylindrical, and oval
-multinuclear
-has sacrolemma |
1 set |
| 14 |
heat generation (especially skeletal muscle) |
1 set |
| 15 |
-indivisual cell
-contains myofibrils
-has a sarcolemma
-has a sarcoplasmic reticulum |
1 set |
| 16 |
calcium ions released from sarcoplasmic reticulum |
1 set |
| 17 |
identify the plane of movement and the axis of rotation. the purpose is to identify which side of the joint the muscles controlling the movement cross. |
1 set |
| 18 |
new atp attaches to "uncocked" myosin head
- allows myosin head to release from actin binding site"cocking" process begins again |
1 set |
| 19 |
3. myosin binds to actin, pulls actin together
4. calcium is removed from myofibril |
1 set |
| 20 |
cricothyroid, and muscles of the pharynx. |
1 set |
| 21 |
released calcium combines with troponin, a molecule associated with actin (muscle still not contracted) |
1 set |
| 22 |
myosin binding site is exposed |
1 set |
| 23 |
engage chosen muscle or muscle groups and apply counterforce for 3-5 seconds that closely approximates patient effort |
1 set |
| 24 |
layers of skin |
1 set |
| 25 |
most pharyngeal constrictors, cirocthyroid, levator veli palatini |
1 set |
| 26 |
full range of motion against gravity |
1 set |
| 27 |
-most skeletal muscles run from one bone to another
-one bone will move other remains fixed
-attach to origins and insertions by connective tissue
-bone markings present where tendons meet bones |
1 set |
| 28 |
muscle work in opposing pairs |
1 set |
| 29 |
1. acetylcholine is decomposed by acetylcholinesterasae 2. ca ions transported back to sr 3. actin & myosin links broken 4. active site blocked again |
1 set |
| 30 |
myosin binds actin forming a crossbridge |
1 set |
| 31 |
diameter of muscle
fascicle arrangement
number of active motor units (recruitment)
muscle biochemistry |
1 set |
| 32 |
ca catalyses:
-calcium ions catalyses contraction process
-in resting fiber, tropomyosin covers active site
-active site - where myosin cross bridge attaches to actin
-ca bind to troponin
-troponin to change shape
-tugs on tropomyosin to move it away from active site |
1 set |
| 33 |
good; full rom against gravity with against partial resistance |
1 set |
| 34 |
extensor digitorum brevis (insertion) |
1 set |
| 35 |
net movement of blood flow is up |
1 set |
| 36 |
myosin heads bind to actin (at actin's mbs) |
1 set |
| 37 |
(1) muscle cells occur virtually everywhere in vertebrate bodies→(2) contribute to the functioning of nearly every organ system
(3) striated (skeletal) muscle = predominant type→ (4) 80% of the soft tissue of vertebrates |
1 set |
| 38 |
longus capitis |
1 set |
| 39 |
the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
1 set |
| 40 |
following 2-minutes of exercise, and if the exercise is moderate, aerobic respiration contributes the major energy production supporting actions of the skeletal muscle.
whether exercise is light, moderate, or heavy for a person depends on that person's maximal capacity for aerobic exercise (which is determined by several factors primarily related to the muscle, respiratory, and circulatory systems). |
1 set |
| 41 |
1. excitability - can generate and conduct electrical impulses
2. contractility - muscle tissues shortens when stimulated
-isometric contractions-tissue develops tension but does not shorten
-isotonic contractions-tension remains same and tissue shortens
3. extensibility - muscle can be stretched without damage
4. elasticity - muscle returns to its original length and shape after contraction |
1 set |
| 42 |
release of calcium which then binds to troponin c subunit causing conformational change |
1 set |
| 43 |
pharyngeal constrictors, criccothyroid
vagus - superior laryngeal |
1 set |
| 44 |
full rom with some resistance |
1 set |
| 45 |
there are 2 types of muscle proteins -- actin and myosin (called microfilaments). these proreins make up larger cylindrical structures called myofibrils. the myosin protein has small projections call crossbridges. the actin myofilament is "wrapped" by two other proteins; troponin and tropomyosin. in a relaxed muscle, the actin myofilament and myosin crossbridges do not touch each other. however, in the presence of calcium ions (which expose a receptor site for crossbridge attachment on the actin/troponin/tropomyosin), and atp (which moves the crossbridges), actin touches the crossbridges of myosin. these 2 proteins slide relative to each other and the muscle cell shotens |
1 set |
| 46 |
-the "power stroke"=the myosin heads bend ("unlock"), pulling hte actin toward the center of the scromere, as adp and pi are released.
-cross bridge detatchment=new atp binds to the myosin heads, causing them to release the actin
-myosin reactivation=the atp splits into adp and pi, re-energizing the myosin heads again.
-the cycle of events is repeated over and over |
1 set |
| 47 |
parallel
pennate
convergent
circular |
1 set |
| 48 |
completes full rom against gravity, moderate resistance |
1 set |
| 49 |
atp is split. myosin head, now cocked, binds to exposed binding site, forming cross bridge |
1 set |
| 50 |
involuntary muscle holding
chemical muscle holding
voluntary muscle holding
adaptive shortening |
1 set |
| 51 |
1. movement of bones/fluids
2. maintain posture and body position
3. stabilize joints
4. heat generation (esp skeletal) |
1 set |
| 52 |
pelvic diaphragm
1. levator ani
a) pubococcygeus
b) iliococcygeus
2. coccygeus
external anal sphincter
external urethral sphincter
superficial transverse perineal muscle
deep transverse perineal muscle
ischiocavernosus
bulbospongiosus |
1 set |
| 53 |
complete range of motion against gravity with some resistance. transcient clonus |
1 set |
| 54 |
-prime mover (agonist_
-antagonist
-synergist
-fixator |
1 set |
| 55 |
muscles must have at least two attachments and must cross at least one joint |
1 set |
| 56 |
ach diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on muscle membrane |
1 set |
| 57 |
ach binds to the sarcolemma |
1 set |
| 58 |
posture
stabilization
preparedness
heat |
1 set |
| 59 |
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
sarcolemma |
1 set |
| 60 |
cross-bridge releases actin |
1 set |
| 61 |
active movement against resistance |
1 set |
| 62 |
1) intrinsic muscle properties (weak cross bridge attachments), 2) passive muscle properties (titin), 3) descending motor signals, 4) proprioceptive info |
1 set |
| 63 |
moderate-movement against gravity with some resistance |
1 set |
| 64 |
actin is moved toward the center of the sarcomere causing the muscle fiber to shorten |
1 set |
| 65 |
0 |
1 set |
| 66 |
movement, posture, joint stabilization, head generation |
1 set |
| 67 |
1. gracilis
2. adductor longus
3. adductor brevis
4. adductor magnus |
1 set |
| 68 |
*limited movement, weakness/fatigue, paralysis, tremor/tic/spasm, clumsy
*injury, strenous, sudden mvmt, stress
*heat, ice, splints, rest
*muscle relax, salicylate, nsaids, otc |
1 set |
| 69 |
smooth, skeletal, cardiac, nervous |
1 set |
| 70 |
4:movement against moderate resistance |
1 set |
| 71 |
movement against gravity, some resistance |
1 set |
| 72 |
permeability of sarcolemma changes (na rushes in)(an action potential is produced) |
1 set |
| 73 |
skeletal muscle tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, blood |
1 set |
| 74 |
producing movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat |
1 set |
| 75 |
1. lack of carbohydrate source
2. lack of atp
3. lactic acid drops ph which interferes with protein function
4. junctional fatigue- loss of ach |
1 set |
| 76 |
full rom with moderate resistance |
1 set |
| 77 |
good
-against gravity with some resistance
complete range of motion evident |
1 set |
| 78 |
striations, nuclei, size, location of nuclei |
1 set |
| 79 |
whole muscle
muscle fascicle
muscle fibers
myofibril |
1 set |
| 80 |
musculus, musculi ≈ mys, myos |
1 set |
| 81 |
active movement w/ full rom against moderate resistance |
1 set |
| 82 |
prime movers (agonists)
• responsible for producing a particular movement
antagonists
• actions oppose the action of the agonist
synergists
• assist the prime mover in performing an action
fixators
• agonist and antagonist muscles contracting at the same time to stabilize a joint |
1 set |
| 83 |
epimysium-smooth application of force to the bone
perimysium-pathways for nerves and blood vessels
endomysium
sarcolemma-excitable membrane |
1 set |
| 84 |
full rom w/ decreased strength |
1 set |
| 85 |
released calcium combines with troponin, a molecule associated with actin |
1 set |
| 86 |
good.
complete rom
against gravity with some resistance |
1 set |
| 87 |
full rom against gravity, some resistance
75%- good |
1 set |
| 88 |
work in opposing pairs |
1 set |
| 89 |
from with gravity and some resistance |
1 set |
| 90 |
can be controlled voluntarily
cells attatch to connective tissue
cells are striated
cells have more than one nucleus |
1 set |
| 91 |
1) biceps femoris
2) semitendinosus
3) semimembranosus
4) adductor magnus |
1 set |
| 92 |
calcium combines with troponin a molecule associated with action. hooks on to actin. |
1 set |
| 93 |
full rom against gravity, some resistance |
1 set |
| 94 |
- contractility
- excitability
- extensibility
- elasticity |
1 set |
| 95 |
1) visceral organ muscles: smooth and cardiac
2) pharyngeal arch muscles: pharyngeal skeletal muscles, also head and neck
3) axial muscles: thoracial skeletal muscles, abdomen, pelvis, neck, head
4) limb muscles: self-explanatory |
1 set |
| 96 |
degeneration
regeneration
hypertrophy
atrophy |
1 set |
| 97 |
(atp binding, actin release)binding of atp to myosin head detaches the link |
1 set |
| 98 |
active movement against gravity & some resistance |
1 set |
| 99 |
calcium combines with troponin |
1 set |