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abase To lower in position, estimation, or the like; degrade. abbess The lady superior of a nunnery. abbey The group of buildings which collectively form the dwelling-place of a society of monks or nuns. abbot The superior of a community of monks. abdicate To give up (royal power or the like). abdomen In mammals, the visceral cavity between the diaphragm and the pelvic floor; the belly. abdominal Of, pertaining to, or situated on the abdomen. abduction A carrying away of a person against his will, or illegally. abed In bed; on a bed. aberration Deviation from a right, customary, or prescribed course. abet To aid, promote, or encourage the commission of (an offense). abeyance A state of suspension or temporary inaction. abhorrence The act of detesting extremely. abhorrent Very repugnant; hateful. abidance An abiding. abject Sunk to a low condition. abjure To recant, renounce, repudiate under oath. able-bodied Competent for physical service. ablution A washing or cleansing, especially of the body. abnegate To renounce (a right or privilege). abnormal Not conformed to the ordinary rule or standard. abominable Very hateful. abominate To hate violently. abomination A very detestable act or practice. aboriginal Primitive; unsophisticated. aborigines The original of earliest known inhabitants of a country. aboveboard & - Without concealment, fraud, or trickery. abrade To wear away the surface or some part of by friction. abrasion That which is rubbed off. abridge To make shorter in words, keeping the essential features, leaning out minor particles. abridgment A condensed form as of a book or play. abrogate To abolish, repeal. abrupt Beginning, ending, or changing suddenly or with a break. abscess A Collection of pus in a cavity formed within some tissue of the body. abscission The act of cutting off, as in a surgical operation. abscond To depart suddenly and secretly, as for the purpose of escaping arrest. absence The fact of not being present or available. absent-minded Lacking in attention to immediate surroundings or business. absolution Forgiveness, or passing over of offenses. absolve To free from sin or its penalties. absorb To drink in or suck up, as a sponge absorbs water. absorption The act or process of absorbing. abstain To keep oneself back (from doing or using something). abstemious Characterized by self denial or abstinence, as in the use of drink, food. abstinence Self denial. abstruse Dealing with matters difficult to be understood. absurd Inconsistent with reason or common sense. abundant Plentiful. abusive Employing harsh words or ill treatment. abut To touch at the end or boundary line. abyss Bottomless gulf. academic Of or pertaining to an academy, college, or university. academician A member of an academy of literature, art, or science. academy Any institution where the higher branches of learning are taught. accede To agree. accelerate To move faster. accept To take when offered. access A way of approach or entrance; passage. accessible Approachable. accession Induction or elevation, as to dignity, office, or government. accessory A person or thing that aids the principal agent. acclaim To utter with a shout. accommodate To furnish something as a kindness or favor. accompaniment A subordinate part or parts, enriching or supporting the leading part. accompanist One who or that which accompanies. accompany To go with, or be associated with, as a companion. accomplice An associate in wrong-doing. accomplish To bring to pass. accordion A portable free-reed musical instrument. accost To speak to. account A record or statement of receipts and expenditures, or of business transactions. accouter To dress. accredit To give credit or authority to. accumulate To become greater in quantity or number. accuracy Exactness. accurate Conforming exactly to truth or to a standard. accursed Doomed to evil, misery, or misfortune. accusation A charge of crime, misdemeanor, or error. accusatory Of, pertaining to, or involving an accusation. accuse To charge with wrong doing, misconduct, or error. accustom To make familiar by use. acerbity Sourness, with bitterness and astringency. acetate A salt of acetic acid. acetic Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of vinegar. ache To be in pain or distress. Achillean Invulnerable. achromatic Colorless, acid A sour substance. acidify To change into acid. acknowledge To recognize; to admit the genuineness or validity of. acknowledgment Recognition. acme The highest point, or summit. acoustic Pertaining to the act or sense of hearing. acquaint To make familiar or conversant. acquiesce To comply; submit. acquiescence Passive consent. acquire To get as one's own. acquisition Anything gained, or made one's own, usually by effort or labor. acquit To free or clear, as from accusation. acquittal A discharge from accusation by judicial action. acquittance Release or discharge from indebtedness, obligation, or responsibility. acreage Quantity or extent of land, especially of cultivated land. acrid Harshly pungent or bitter. acrimonious Full of bitterness. acrimony Sharpness or bitterness of speech or temper. actionable Affording cause for instituting an action, as trespass, slanderous words. actuality Any reality. actuary An officer, as of an insurance company, who calculates and states the risks and premiums. actuate To move or incite to action. acumen Quickness of intellectual insight, or discernment; keenness of discrimination. acute Having fine and penetrating discernment. adamant Any substance of exceeding hardness or impenetrability. addendum Something added, or to be added. addle To make inefficient or worthless; muddle. adduce To bring forward or name for consideration. adhere To stick fast or together. adherence Attachment. adherent Clinging or sticking fast. adhesion The state of being attached or joined. adjacency The state of being adjacent. adjacent That which is near or bordering upon. adjudge To award or bestow by formal decision. adjunct Something joined to or connected with another thing, but holding a subordinate place. adjuration A vehement appeal. adjutant Auxiliary. administrator One who manages affairs of any kind. admissible Having the right or privilege of entry. admittance Entrance, or the right or permission to enter. admonish To warn of a fault. admonition Gentle reproof. ado unnecessary activity or ceremony. adoration Profound devotion. adroit Having skill in the use of the bodily or mental powers. adulterant An adulterating substance. adulterate To make impure by the admixture of other or baser ingredients. adumbrate To represent beforehand in outline or by emblem. advent The coming or arrival, as of any important change, event, state, or personage. adverse Opposing or opposed. adversity Misfortune. advert To refer incidentally. advertiser One who advertises, especially in newspapers. advisory Not mandatory. advocacy The act of pleading a cause. advocate One who pleads the cause of another, as in a legal or ecclesiastical court. aerial Of, pertaining to, or like the air. aeronaut One who navigates the air, a balloonist. aeronautics the art or practice of flying aircraft aerostat A balloon or other apparatus floating in or sustained by the air. aerostatics The branch of pneumatics that treats of the equilibrium, pressure, and mechanical properties. affable Easy to approach. affect To act upon affectation A studied or ostentatious pretense or attempt. affiliate Some auxiliary person or thing. affirmative Answering yes; to a question at issue. affix To fasten. affluence A profuse or abundant supply of riches. affront An open insult or indignity. afire On fire, literally or figuratively. afoot In progress. aforesaid Said in a preceding part or before. afresh Once more, after rest or interval. afterthought A thought that comes later than its appropriate or expected time. agglomerate To pile or heap together. aggrandize To cause to appear greatly. aggravate To make heavier, worse, or more burdensome. aggravation The fact of being made heavier or more heinous, as a crime , offense, misfortune, etc. aggregate The entire number, sum, mass, or quantity of something. aggress To make the first attack. aggression An unprovoked attack. aggrieve To give grief or sorrow to. aghast Struck with terror and amazement. agile Able to move or act quickly, physically, or mentally. agitate To move or excite (the feelings or thoughts). agrarian Pertaining to land, especially agricultural land. aide-de-camp An officer who receives and transmits the orders of the general. ailment Slight sickness. airy Delicate, ethereal. akin Of similar nature or qualities. alabaster A white or delicately tinted fine-grained gypsum. alacrity Cheerful willingness. albino A person with milky white skin and hair, and eyes with bright red pupil and usually pink iris. album A book whose leaves are so made to form paper frames for holding photographs or the like. alchemy Chemistry of the middle ages, characterized by the pursuit of changing base metals to gold. alcohol A volatile, inflammable, colorless liquid of a penetrating odor and burning taste. alcoholism A condition resulting from the inordinate or persistent use of alcoholic beverages. alcove A covered recess connected with or at the side of a larger room. alder Any shrub or small tree of the genus Alumnus, of the oak family. alderman A member of a municipal legislative body, who usually exercises also certain judicial functions. aldermanship The dignity, condition, office, or term of office of an alderman. alias An assumed name. alien One who owes allegiance to a foreign government. alienable Capable of being aliened or alienated, as lands. alienate To cause to turn away. alienation Estrangement. aliment That which nourishes. alkali Anything that will neutralize an acid, as lime, magnesia, etc. allay To calm the violence or reduce the intensity of; mitigate. allege To assert to be true, especially in a formal manner, as in court. allegory The setting forth of a subject under the guise of another subject of aptly suggestive likeness. alleviate To make less burdensome or less hard to bear. alley A narrow street, garden path, walk, or the like. alliance Any combination or union for some common purpose. allot To assign a definite thing or part to a certain person. allotment Portion. allude To refer incidentally, or by suggestion. allusion An indirect and incidental reference to something without definite mention of it. alluvion Flood. ally A person or thing connected with another, usually in some relation of helpfulness. almanac A series of tables giving the days of the week together with certain astronomical information. aloof Not in sympathy with or desiring to associate with others. altar Any raised place or structure on which sacrifices may be offered or incense burned. alter To make change in. alteration Change or modification. altercate To contend angrily or zealously in words. alternate One chosen to act in place of another, in case of the absence or incapacity of that other. alternative Something that may or must exist, be taken or chosen, or done instead of something else. altitude Vertical distance or elevation above any point or base-level, as the sea. alto The lowest or deepest female voice or part. altruism Benevolence to others on subordination to self-interest. altruist One who advocates or practices altruism. amalgam An alloy or union of mercury with another metal. amalgamate To mix or blend together in a homogeneous body. amateur Practicing an art or occupation for the love of it, but not as a profession. amatory Designed to excite love. ambidextrous Having the ability of using both hands with equal skill or ease. ambiguous Having a double meaning. ambitious Eagerly desirous and aspiring. ambrosial Divinely sweet, fragrant, or delicious. ambulance A vehicle fitted for conveying the sick and wounded. ambulate To walk about ambush The act or state of lying concealed for the purpose of surprising or attacking the enemy. ameliorate To relieve, as from pain or hardship amenable Willing and ready to submit. Americanism A peculiar sense in which an English word or phrase is used in the United States. amicable Done in a friendly spirit. amity Friendship. amorous Having a propensity for falling in love. amorphous Without determinate shape. amour A love-affair, especially one of an illicit nature. ampere The practical unit of electric-current strength. ampersand The character &; and. amphibious Living both on land and in water. amphitheater An edifice of elliptical shape, constructed about a central open space or arena. amplitude Largeness. amply Sufficiently. amputate To remove by cutting, as a limb or some portion of the body. amusement Diversion. anachronism Anything occurring or existing out of its proper time. anagram The letters of a word or phrase so transposed as to make a different word or phrase. analogous Corresponding (to some other) in certain respects, as in form, proportion, relations. analogy Reasoning in which from certain and known relations or resemblance others are formed. analyst One who analyzes or makes use of the analytical method. analyze To examine minutely or critically. anarchy Absence or utter disregard of government. anathema Anything forbidden, as by social usage. anatomy That branch of morphology which treats of the structure of organisms. ancestry One's ancestors collectively. anecdote A brief account of some interesting event or incident. anemia Deficiency of blood or red corpuscles. anemic Affected with anemia. anemometer An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of wind. anesthetic Pertaining to or producing loss of sensation. anew Once more. angelic Saintly. Anglophobia Hatred or dread of England or of what is English. Anglo-Saxon The entire English race wherever found, as in Europe, the United States, or India. angular Sharp-cornered. anhydrous Withered. animadversion The utterance of criticism or censure. animadvert To pass criticism or censure. animalcule An animal of microscopic smallness. animate To make alive. animosity Hatred. annalist Historian. annals A record of events in their chronological order, year by year. annex To add or affix at the end. annihilate To destroy absolutely. annotate To make explanatory or critical notes on or upon. annual Occurring every year. annuity An annual allowance, payment, or income. annunciation Proclamation. anode The point where or path by which a voltaic current enters an electrolyte or the like. anonymous Of unknown authorship. antagonism Mutual opposition or resistance of counteracting forces, principles, or persons. Antarctic Pertaining to the south pole or the regions near it. ante In the game of poker, to put up a stake before the cards are dealt. antecede To precede. antecedent One who or that which precedes or goes before, as in time, place, rank, order, or causality. antechamber A waiting room for those who seek audience. antedate To assign or affix a date to earlier than the actual one. antediluvian Of or pertaining to the times, things, events before the great flood in the days of Noah. antemeridian Before noon. antemundane Pertaining to time before the world's creation. antenatal Occurring or existing before birth. anterior Prior. anteroom A room situated before and opening into another, usually larger. anthology A collection of extracts from the writings of various authors. anthracite Hard coal. anthropology The science of man in general. anthropomorphous Having or resembling human form. antic A grotesque, ludicrous, or fantastic action. Antichrist Any opponent or enemy of Christ, whether a person or a power. anticlimax A gradual or sudden decrease in the importance or impressiveness of what is said. anticyclone An atmospheric condition of high central pressure, with currents flowing outward. antidote Anything that will counteract or remove the effects of poison, disease, or the like. antilogy Inconsistency or contradiction in terms or ideas. antipathize To show or feel a feeling of antagonism, aversion, or dislike. antiphon A response or alteration of responses, generally musical. antiphony An anthem or other composition sung responsively. antipodes A place or region on the opposite side of the earth. antiquary One who collects and examines old things, as coins, books, medals, weapons, etc. antiquate To make old or out of date. antique Pertaining to ancient times. antiseptic Anything that destroys or restrains the growth of putrefactive micro-organisms. antislavery Opposed to human slavery. antispasmodic Tending to prevent or relieve non-inflammatory spasmodic affections. antistrophe The inversion of terms in successive classes, as in "the home of joy and the joy of home". antitoxin A substance which neutralizes the poisonous products of micro-organisms. antonym A word directly opposed to another in meaning. anxious Distressed in mind respecting some uncertain matter. apathy Insensibility to emotion or passionate feeling. aperture Hole. apex The highest point, as of a mountain. aphorism Proverb. apiary A place where bees are kept. apogee The climax. apology A disclaimer of intentional error or offense. apostasy A total departure from one's faith or religion. apostate False. apostle Any messenger commissioned by or as by divine authority. apothecary One who keeps drugs for sale and puts up prescriptions. apotheosis Deification. appall To fill with dismay or horror. apparent Easily understood. apparition Ghost. appease To soothe by quieting anger or indignation. appellate Capable of being appealed to. appellation The name or title by which a particular person, class, or thing is called. append To add or attach, as something accessory, subordinate, or supplementary. appertain To belong, as by right, fitness, association, classification, possession, or natural relation. apposite Appropriate. apposition The act of placing side by side, together, or in contact. appraise To estimate the money value of. appreciable Capable of being discerned by the senses or intellect. apprehend To make a prisoner of (a person) in the name of the law. apprehensible Capable of being conceived. approbation Sanction. appropriate Suitable for the purpose and circumstances. aqueduct A water-conduit, particularly one for supplying a community from a distance. aqueous Of, pertaining to, or containing water. arbiter One chosen or appointed, by mutual consent of parties in dispute, to decide matters. arbitrary Fixed or done capriciously. arbitrate To act or give judgment as umpire. arbor A tree. arboreal Of or pertaining to a tree or trees. arborescent Having the nature of a tree. arboretum A botanical garden or place devoted to the cultivation of trees or shrubs. arboriculture The cultivation of trees or shrubs. arcade A vaulted passageway or street; a roofed passageway having shops, etc., opening from it. archaic Antiquated archaism Obsolescence. archangel An angel of high rank. archbishop The chief of the bishops of an ecclesiastical province in the Greek, Roman, and Anglican church. archdeacon A high official administrator of the affairs of a diocese. archaeology The branch of anthropology concerned with the systematic investigation of the relics of man. archetype A prototype. archipelago Any large body of water studded with islands, or the islands collectively themselves. ardent Burning with passion. ardor Intensity of passion or affection. arid Very dry. aristocracy A hereditary nobility aristocrat A hereditary noble or one nearly connected with nobility. armada A fleet of war-vessels. armful As much as can be held in the arm or arms. armory An arsenal. aroma An agreeable odor. arraign To call into court, as a person indicted for crime, and demand whether he pleads guilty or not. arrange To put in definite or proper order. arrangement The act of putting in proper order, or the state of being put in order. arrant Notoriously bad. arrear Something overdue and unpaid. arrival A coming to stopping-place or destination. arrogant Unduly or excessively proud, as of wealth, station, learning, etc. arrogate To take, demand, or claim, especially presumptuously or without reasons or grounds. Artesian well A very deep bored well. water rises due to underground pressure artful Characterized by craft or cunning. Arthurian Pertaining to King Arthur, the real or legendary hero of British poetic story. artifice Trickery. artless Ingenuous. ascendant Dominant. ascension The act of rising. ascent A rising, soaring, or climbing. ascetic Given to severe self-denial and practicing excessive abstinence and devotion. ascribe To assign as a quality or attribute. asexual Having no distinct sexual organs. ashen Pale. askance With a side or indirect glance or meaning. asperity Harshness or roughness of temper. aspirant One who seeks earnestly, as for advancement, honors, place. aspiration An earnest wish for that which is above one's present reach. aspire To have an earnest desire, wish, or longing, as for something high and good, not yet attained. assailant One who attacks. assassin One who kills, or tries to kill, treacherously or secretly. assassinate To kill, as by surprise or secret assault, especially the killing of some eminent person. assassination Murderer, as by secret assault or treachery. assay The chemical analysis or testing of an alloy ore. assent To express agreement with a statement or matter of opinion. assess To determine the amount of (a tax or other sum to be paid). assessor An officer whose duty it is to assess taxes. assets pl. Property in general, regarded as applicable to the payment of debts. assiduous Diligent. assignee One who is appointed to act for another in the management of certain property and interests. assimilate To adapt. assonance Resemblance or correspondence in sound. assonant Having resemblance of sound. assonate To accord in sound, especially vowel sound. assuage To cause to be less harsh, violent, or severe, as excitement, appetite, pain, or disease. astringent Harsh in disposition or character. astute Keen in discernment. atheism The denial of the existence of God. athirst Wanting water. athwart From side to side. atomizer An apparatus for reducing a liquid to a fine spray, as for disinfection, inhalation, etc. atone To make amends for. atonement Amends, reparation, or expiation made from wrong or injury. atrocious Outrageously or wantonly wicked, criminal, vile, or cruel. atrocity Great cruelty or reckless wickedness. attache A subordinate member of a diplomatic embassy. attest To certify as accurate, genuine, or true. attorney-general The chief law-officer of a government. auburn Reddish-brown, said usually of the hair. audacious Fearless. audible Loud enough to be heard. audition The act or sensation of hearing. auditory Of or pertaining to hearing or the organs or sense of hearing. augment To make bigger. augur To predict. Augustinian Pertaining to St. Augustine, his doctrines, or the religious orders called after him. aura Pervasive psychic influence supposed to emanate from persons aural Of or pertaining to the ear. auricle One of the two chambers of the heart which receives the blood from the veins. auricular Of or pertaining to the ear, its auricle, or the sense of hearing. auriferous Containing gold. aurora A luminous phenomenon in the upper regions of the atmosphere. auspice favoring, protecting, or propitious influence or guidance. austere Severely simple; unadorned. autarchy Unrestricted power. authentic Of undisputed origin. authenticity The state or quality of being genuine, or of the origin and authorship claimed. autobiography The story of one's life written by himself. autocracy Absolute government. autocrat Any one who claims or wields unrestricted or undisputed authority or influence. automaton Any living being whose actions are or appear to be involuntary or mechanical. autonomous Self-governing. autonomy Self-government. autopsy The examination of a dead body by dissection to ascertain the cause of death. autumnal Of or pertaining to autumn. auxiliary One who or that which aids or helps, especially when regarded as subsidiary or accessory. avalanche The fall or sliding of a mass of snow or ice down a mountain-slope, often bearing with it rock. avarice Passion for getting and keeping riches. aver To assert as a fact. averse Reluctant. aversion A mental condition of fixed opposition to or dislike of some particular thing. avert To turn away or aside. aviary A spacious cage or enclosure in which live birds are kept. avidity Greediness. avocation Diversion. avow To declare openly. awaken To arouse, as emotion, interest, or the like. awry & - Out of the proper form, direction, or position. aye An expression of assent. azalea A flowering shrub. azure The color of the sky. Baconian Of or pertaining to Lord Bacon or his system of philosophy. bacterium A microbe. badger To pester. baffle To foil or frustrate. bailiff An officer of court having custody of prisoners under arraignment. baize A single-colored napped woolen fabric used for table-covers, curtains, etc. bale A large package prepared for transportation or storage. baleful Malignant. ballad Any popular narrative poem, often with epic subject and usually in lyric form. balsam A medical preparation, aromatic and oily, used for healing. banal Commonplace. barcarole A boat-song of Venetian gondoliers. barograph An instrument that registers graphically and continuously the atmospheric pressure. barometer An instrument for indicating the atmospheric pressure per unit of surface. baritone Having a register higher than bass and lower than tenor. bask To make warm by genial heat. bass Low in tone or compass. baste To cover with melted fat, gravy, while cooking. baton An official staff borne either as a weapon or as an emblem of authority or privilege. battalion A body of infantry composed of two or more companies, forming a part of a regiment. batten A narrow strip of wood. batter A thick liquid mixture of two or more materials beaten together, to be used in cookery. bauble A trinket. bawl To proclaim by outcry. beatify To make supremely happy. beatitude Any state of great happiness. beau An escort or lover. becalm To make quiet. beck To give a signal to, by nod or gesture. bedaub To smear over, as with something oily or sticky. bedeck To cover with ornament. bedlam Madhouse. befog To confuse. befriend To be a friend to, especially when in need. beget To produce by sexual generation. begrudge To envy one of the possession of. belate To delay past the proper hour. belay To make fast, as a rope, by winding round a cleat. belie To misrepresent. believe To accept as true on the testimony or authority of others. belittle To disparage. belle A woman who is a center of attraction because of her beauty, accomplishments, etc. bellicose Warlike. belligerent Manifesting a warlike spirit. bemoan To lament benediction a solemn invocation of the divine blessing. benefactor A doer of kindly and charitable acts. benefice A church office endowed with funds or property for the maintenance of divine service. beneficent Characterized by charity and kindness. beneficial Helpful. beneficiary One who is lawfully entitled to the profits and proceeds of an estate or property. benefit Helpful result. benevolence Any act of kindness or well-doing. benevolent Loving others and actively desirous of their well-being. benign Good and kind of heart. benignant Benevolent in feeling, character, or aspect. benignity Kindness of feeling, disposition, or manner. benison Blessing. bequeath To give by will. bereave To make desolate with loneliness and grief. berth A bunk or bed in a vessel, sleeping-car, etc. beseech To implore. beset To attack on all sides. besmear To smear over, as with any oily or sticky substance. bestial Animal. bestrew To sprinkle or cover with things strewn. bestride To get or sit upon astride, as a horse. bethink To remind oneself. betide To happen to or befall. betimes In good season or time. betroth To engage to marry. betrothal Engagement to marry. bevel Any inclination of two surfaces other than 90 degrees. bewilder To confuse the perceptions or judgment of. bibliomania The passion for collecting books. bibliography A list of the words of an author, or the literature bearing on a particular subject. bibliophile One who loves books. bibulous Fond of drinking. bide To await. biennial A plant that produces leaves and roots the first year and flowers and fruit the second. bier A horizontal framework with two handles at each end for carrying a corpse to the grave. bigamist One who has two spouses at the same time. bigamy The crime of marrying any other person while having a legal spouse living. bight A slightly receding bay between headlands, formed by a long curve of a coast-line. bilateral Two-sided. bilingual Speaking two languages. biograph A bibliographical sketch or notice. biography A written account of one's life, actions, and character. biology The science of life or living organisms. biped An animal having two feet. birthright A privilege or possession into which one is born. bitterness Acridity, as to the taste. blase Sated with pleasure. blaspheme To indulge in profane oaths. blatant Noisily or offensively loud or clamorous. blaze A vivid glowing flame. blazon To make widely or generally known. bleak Desolate. blemish A mark that mars beauty. blithe Joyous. blithesome Cheerful. blockade The shutting up of a town, a frontier, or a line of coast by hostile forces. boatswain A subordinate officer of a vessel, who has general charge of the rigging, anchors, etc. bodice A women's ornamental corset-shaped laced waist. bodily Corporeal. boisterous Unchecked merriment or animal spirits. bole The trunk or body of a tree. bolero A Spanish dance, illustrative of the passion of love, accompanied by caste nets and singing. boll A round pod or seed-capsule, as a flax or cotton. bolster To support, as something wrong. bomb A hollow projectile containing an explosive material. bombard To assail with any missile or with abusive speech. bombardier A person who has charge of mortars, bombs, and shells. bombast Inflated or extravagant language, especially on unimportant subjects. boorish Rude. bore To weary by tediousness or dullness. borough An incorporated village or town. bosom The breast or the upper front of the thorax of a human being, especially of a woman. botanical Connected with the study or cultivation of plants. botanize To study plant-life. botany The science that treats of plants. bountiful Showing abundance. Bowdlerize To expurgate in editing (a literary composition) by omitting words or passages. bowler In cricket, the player who delivers the ball. boycott To place the products or merchandise of under a ban. brae Hillside. braggart A vain boaster. brandish To wave, shake, or flourish triumphantly or defiantly, as a sword or spear. bravado An aggressive display of boldness. bray A loud harsh sound, as the cry of an ass or the blast of a horn. braze To make of or ornament with brass. brazier An open pan or basin for holding live coals. breach The violation of official duty, lawful right, or a legal obligation. breaker One who trains horses, dogs, etc. breech The buttocks. brethren pl. Members of a brotherhood, gild, profession, association, or the like. brevity Shortness of duration. bric-a-brac Objects of curiosity or for decoration. bridle The head-harness of a horse consisting of a head-stall, a bit, and the reins. brigade A body of troops consisting of two or more regiments. brigadier General officer who commands a brigade, ranking between a colonel and a major-general. brigand One who lives by robbery and plunder. brimstone Sulfur. brine Water saturated with salt. bristle One of the coarse, stiff hairs of swine: used in brush-making, etc. Britannia The United Kingdom of Great Britain. Briticism A word, idiom, or phrase characteristic of Great Britain or the British. brittle Fragile. broach To mention, for the first time. broadcast Disseminated far and wide. brogan A coarse, heavy shoe. brogue Any dialectic pronunciation of English, especially that of the Irish people. brokerage The business of making sales and purchases for a commission; a broker. bromine A dark reddish-brown, non-metallic liquid element with a suffocating odor. bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchial tubes. bronchus Either of the two subdivisions of the trachea conveying air into the lungs. brooch An article of jewelry fastened by a hinged pin and hook on the underside. brotherhood Spiritual or social fellowship or solidarity. browbeat To overwhelm, or attempt to do so, by stern, haughty, or rude address or manner. brusque Somewhat rough or rude in manner or speech. buffoon A clown. buffoonery Low drollery, coarse jokes, etc. bulbous Of, or pertaining to, or like a bulb. bullock An ox. bulrush Any one of various tall rush-like plants growing in damp ground or water. bulwark Anything that gives security or defense. bumper A cup or glass filled to the brim, especially one to be drunk as a toast or health. bumptious Full of offensive and aggressive self-conceit. bungle To execute clumsily. buoyancy Power or tendency to float on or in a liquid or gas. buoyant Having the power or tendency to float or keep afloat. bureau A chest of drawers for clothing, etc. bureaucracy Government by departments of men transacting particular branches of public business. burgess In colonial times, a member of the lower house of the legislature of Maryland or Virginia. burgher An inhabitant, citizen or freeman of a borough burgh, or corporate town. burnish To make brilliant or shining. bursar A treasurer. bustle To hurry. butt To strike with or as with the head, or horns. butte A conspicuous hill, low mountain, or natural turret, generally isolated. buttress Any support or prop. by-law A rule or law adopted by an association, a corporation, or the like. cabal A number of persons secretly united for effecting by intrigue some private purpose. cabalism Superstitious devotion to one's religion. cabinet The body of men constituting the official advisors of the executive head of a nation. cacophony A disagreeable, harsh, or discordant sound or combination of sounds or tones. cadaverous Resembling a corpse. cadence Rhythmical or measured flow or movement, as in poetry or the time and pace of marching troops. cadenza An embellishment or flourish, prepared or improvised, for a solo voice or instrument. caitiff Cowardly. cajole To impose on or dupe by flattering speech. cajolery Delusive speech. calculable That may be estimated by reckoning. calculus A concretion formed in various parts of the body resembling a pebble in hardness. callosity The state of being hard and insensible. callow Without experience of the world. calorie Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree centigrade. calumny Slander. Calvary The place where Christ was crucified. Calvinism The system of doctrine taught by John Calvin. Calvinize To teach or imbue with the doctrines of Calvinism. came A leaden sash-bar or grooved strip for fastening panes in stained-glass windows. cameo Any small engraved or carved work in relief. campaign A complete series of connected military operations. Canaanite A member of one of the three tribes that dwelt in the land of Canaan, or western Palestine. canary Of a bright but delicate yellow. candid Straightforward. candor The quality of frankness or outspokenness. canine Characteristic of a dog. canon Any rule or law. cant To talk in a singsong, preaching tone with affected solemnity. cantata A choral composition. canto One of the divisions of an extended poem. cantonment The part of the town or district in which the troops are quartered. capacious Roomy. capillary A minute vessel having walls composed of a single layer of cells. capitulate To surrender or stipulate terms. caprice A whim. caption A heading, as of a chapter, section, document, etc. captious Hypercritical. captivate To fascinate, as by excellence. eloquence, or beauty. carcass The dead body of an animal. cardiac Pertaining to the heart. cardinal Of prime or special importance. caret A sign (^) placed below a line, indicating where omitted words, etc., should be inserted. caricature a picture or description in which natural characteristics are exaggerated or distorted. carnage Massacre. carnal Sensual. carnivorous Eating or living on flesh. carouse To drink deeply and in boisterous or jovial manner. carrion Dead and putrefying flesh. cartilage An elastic animal tissue of firm consistence. cartridge A charge for a firearm, or for blasting. caste The division of society on artificial grounds. castigate To punish. casual Accidental, by chance. casualty A fatal or serious accident or disaster. cataclysm Any overwhelming flood of water. cataract Opacity of the lens of the eye resulting in complete or partial blindness. catastrophe Any great and sudden misfortune or calamity. cathode The negative pole or electrode of a galvanic battery. Catholicism The system, doctrine, and practice of the Roman Catholic Church. catholicity Universal prevalence or acceptance. cat-o-nine-tails An instrument consisting of nine pieces of cord, formerly used for flogging in the army and navy. caucus A private meeting of members of a political party to select candidates. causal Indicating or expressing a cause. caustic Sarcastic and severe. cauterize To burn or sear as with a heated iron. cede To pass title to. censor An official examiner of manuscripts empowered to prohibit their publication. censorious Judging severely or harshly. census An official numbering of the people of a country or district. centenary Pertaining to a hundred years or a period of a hundred years. centiliter A hundredth of a liter. centimeter A length of one hundredth of a meter. centurion A captain of a company of one hundred infantry in the ancient Roman army. cereal Pertaining to edible grain or farinaceous seeds. ceremonial Characterized by outward form or ceremony. ceremonious Observant of ritual. cessation Discontinuance, as of action or motion. cession Surrender, as of possessions or rights. chagrin Keen vexation, annoyance, or mortification, as at one's failures or errors. chameleon Changeable in appearance. chancery A court of equity, as distinguished from a common-law court. chaos Any condition of which the elements or parts are in utter disorder and confusion. characteristic A distinctive feature. characterize To describe by distinctive marks or peculiarities. charlatan A quack. chasm A yawning hollow, as in the earth's surface. chasten To purify by affliction. chastise To subject to punitive measures. chastity Sexual or moral purity. chateau A castle or manor-house. chattel Any article of personal property. check To hold back. chiffon A very thin gauze used for trimmings, evening dress, etc. chivalry The knightly system of feudal times with its code, usages and practices. cholera An acute epidemic disease. choleric Easily provoked to anger. choral Pertaining to, intended for, or performed by a chorus or choir. Christ A title of Jesus christen To name in baptism. Christendom That part of the world where Christianity is generally professed. chromatic Belonging, relating to, or abounding in color. chronology The science that treats of computation of time or of investigation and arrangement of events. chronometer A portable timekeeper of the highest attainable precision. cipher To calculate arithmetically. (also a noun meaning zero or nothing) circulate To disseminate. circumference The boundary-line of a circle. circumlocution Indirect or roundabout expression. circumnavigate To sail quite around. circumscribe To confine within bounds. circumspect Showing watchfulness, caution, or careful consideration. citadel Any strong fortress. cite To refer to specifically. claimant One who makes a claim or demand, as of right. clairvoyance Intuitive sagacity or perception. clamorous Urgent in complaint or demand. clan A tribe. clandestine Surreptitious. clangor Clanking or a ringing, as of arms, chains, or bells; clamor. clarify To render intelligible. clarion A small shrill trumpet or bugle. classify To arrange in a class or classes on the basis of observed resemblance’s and differences. clearance A certificate from the proper authorities that a vessel has complied with the law and may sail. clemency Mercy. clement Compassionate. close-hauled Having the sails set for sailing as close to the wind as possible. clothier One who makes or sells cloth or clothing. clumsy Awkward of movement. coagulate To change into a clot or a jelly, as by heat, by chemical action, or by a ferment. coagulant Producing coagulation. coalescence The act or process of coming together so as to form one body, combination, or product. coalition Combination in a body or mass. coddle To treat as a baby or an invalid. codicil A supplement adding to, revoking, or explaining in the body of a will. coerce To force. coercion Forcible constraint or restraint, moral or physical. coercive Serving or tending to force. cogent Appealing strongly to the reason or conscience. cognate Akin. cognizant Taking notice. cohere To stick together. cohesion Consistency. cohesive Having the property of consistency. coincide To correspond. coincidence A circumstance so agreeing with another: often implying accident. coincident Taking place at the same time. collaborate To labor or cooperate with another or others, especially in literary or scientific pursuits. collapse To cause to shrink, fall in, or fail. collapsible That may or can collapse. colleague An associate in professional employment. collective Consisting of a number of persons or objects considered as gathered into a mass, or sum. collector One who makes a collection, as of objects of art, books, or the like. collegian A college student. collide To meet and strike violently. collier One who works in a coal-mine. collision Violent contact. colloquial Pertaining or peculiar to common speech as distinguished from literary. colloquialism Form of speech used only or chiefly in conversation. colloquy Conversation. collusion A secret agreement for a wrongful purpose. colossus Any strikingly great person or object. comely Handsome. comestible Fit to be eaten. comical Funny. commemorate To serve as a remembrance of. commentary A series of illustrative or explanatory notes on any important work. commingle To blend. commissariat The department of an army charged with the provision of its food and water and daily needs. commission To empower. commitment The act or process of entrusting or consigning for safe-keeping. committal The act, fact, or result of committing, or the state of being commodity Something that is bought and sold. commotion A disturbance or violent agitation. commute To put something, especially something less severe, in place of. comparable Fit to be compared. comparative Relative. comparison Examination of two or more objects with reference to their likeness or unlikeness. compensate To remunerate. competence Adequate qualification or capacity. competent Qualified. competitive characterized by rivalry. competitor A rival. complacence Satisfaction with one's acts or surroundings. complacent Pleased or satisfied with oneself. complaisance Politeness. complaisant Agreeable. complement To make complete. complex Complicated. compliant Yielding. complicate To make complex, difficult, or hard to deal with. complication An intermingling or combination of things or parts, especially in a perplexing manner. complicity Participation or partnership, as in wrong-doing or with a wrong-doer. compliment To address or gratify with expressions of delicate praise. component A constituent element or part. comport To conduct or behave (oneself). composure Calmness. comprehensible Intelligible. comprehension Ability to know. comprehensive Large in scope or content. compress To press together or into smaller space. compressible Capable of being pressed into smaller compass. compression Constraint, as by force or authority. comprise To consist of. compulsion Coercion. compulsory Forced. compunction Remorseful feeling. compute To ascertain by mathematical calculation. concede To surrender. conceit Self-flattering opinion. conceive To form an idea, mental image or thought of. concerto A musical composition. concession Anything granted or yielded, or admitted in response to a demand, petition, or claim. conciliate To obtain the friendship of. conciliatory Tending to reconcile. conclusive Sufficient to convince or decide. concord Harmony. concordance Harmony. concur To agree. concurrence Agreement. concurrent Occurring or acting together. concussion A violent shock to some organ by a fall or a sudden blow. condensation The act or process of making dense or denser. condense To abridge. condescend To come down voluntarily to equal terms with inferiors. condolence Expression of sympathy with a person in pain, sorrow, or misfortune. conduce To bring about. conducive Contributing to an end. conductible Capable of being conducted or transmitted. conduit A means for conducting something, particularly a tube, pipe, or passageway for a fluid. confectionery The candy collectively that a confectioner makes or sells, as candy. confederacy A number of states or persons in compact or league with each other, as for mutual aid. confederate One who is united with others in a league, compact, or agreement. confer To bestow. conferee A person with whom another confers. confessor A spiritual advisor. confidant One to whom secrets are entrusted. confide To reveal in trust or confidence. confidence The state or feeling of trust in or reliance upon another. confident Assured. confinement Restriction within limits or boundaries. confiscate To appropriate (private property) as forfeited to the public use or treasury. conflagration A great fire, as of many buildings, a forest, or the like. confluence The place where streams meet. confluent A stream that unites with another. conformance The act or state or conforming. conformable Harmonious. conformation General structure, form, or outline. conformity Correspondence in form, manner, or use. confront To encounter, as difficulties or obstacles. congeal To coagulate. congenial Having kindred character or tastes. congest To collect into a mass. congregate To bring together into a crowd. coniferous Cone-bearing trees. conjecture A guess. conjoin To unite. conjugal Pertaining to marriage, marital rights, or married persons. conjugate Joined together in pairs. conjugation The state or condition of being joined together. conjunction The state of being joined together, or the things so joined. connive To be in collusion. connoisseur A critical judge of art, especially one with thorough knowledge and sound judgment of art. connote To mean; signify. connubial Pertaining to marriage or matrimony. conquer To overcome by force. consanguineous Descended from the same parent or ancestor. conscience The faculty in man by which he distinguishes between right and wrong in character and conduct. conscientious Governed by moral standard. conscious Aware that one lives, feels, and thinks. conscript To force into military service. consecrate To set apart as sacred. consecutive Following in uninterrupted succession. consensus A collective unanimous opinion of a number of persons. conservatism Tendency to adhere to the existing order of things. conservative Adhering to the existing order of things. conservatory An institution for instruction and training in music and declamation. consign To entrust. consignee A person to whom goods or other property has been entrusted. consignor One who entrusts. consistency A state of permanence. console To comfort. consolidate To combine into one body or system. consonance The state or quality of being in accord with. consonant Being in agreement or harmony with. consort A companion or associate. conspicuous Clearly visible. conspirator One who agrees with others to cooperate in accomplishing some unlawful purpose. conspire To plot. constable An officer whose duty is to maintain the peace. constellation An arbitrary assemblage or group of stars. consternation Panic. constituency The inhabitants or voters in a district represented in a legislative body. constituent One who has the right to vote at an election. constrict To bind. consul An officer appointed to reside in a foreign city, chiefly to represent his country. consulate The place in which a consul transacts official business. consummate To bring to completion. consumption Gradual destruction, as by burning, eating, etc., or by using up, wearing out, etc. consumptive Designed for gradual destruction. contagion The communication of disease from person to person. contagious Transmitting disease. contaminate To pollute. contemplate To consider thoughtfully. contemporaneous Living, occurring, or existing at the same time. contemporary Living or existing at the same time. contemptible Worthy of scorn or disdain. contemptuous Disdainful. contender One who exerts oneself in opposition or rivalry. contiguity Proximity. contiguous Touching or joining at the edge or boundary. continence Self-restraint with respect to desires, appetites, and passion. contingency Possibility of happening. contingent Not predictable. continuance Permanence. continuation Prolongation. continuity Uninterrupted connection in space, time, operation, or development. continuous Connected, extended, or prolonged without separation or interruption of sequence. contort To twist into a misshapen form. contraband Trade forbidden by law or treaty. contradiction The assertion of the opposite of that which has been said. contradictory Inconsistent with itself. contraposition A placing opposite. contravene To prevent or obstruct the operation of. contribution The act of giving for a common purpose. contributor One who gives or furnishes, in common with others, for a common purpose. contrite Broken in spirit because of a sense of sin. contrivance The act planning, devising, inventing, or adapting something to or for a special purpose. contrive To manage or carry through by some device or scheme. control To exercise a directing, restraining, or governing influence over. controller One who or that which regulates or directs. contumacious Rebellious. contumacy Contemptuous disregard of the requirements of rightful authority. contuse To bruise by a blow, either with or without the breaking of the skin. contusion A bruise. convalesce To recover after a sickness. convalescence The state of progressive restoration to health and strength after the cessation of disease. convalescent Recovering health after sickness. convene To summon or cause to assemble. convenience Fitness, as of time or place. converge To cause to incline and approach nearer together. convergent Tending to one point. conversant Thoroughly informed. conversion Change from one state or position to another, or from one form to another. convertible Interchangeable. convex Curving like the segment of the globe or of the surface of a circle. conveyance That by which anything is transported. convivial Devoted to feasting, or to good-fellowship in eating or drinking. convolution A winding motion. convolve To move with a circling or winding motion. convoy A protecting force accompanying property in course of transportation. convulse To cause spasms in. convulsion A violent and abnormal muscular contraction of the body. copious Plenteous. coquette A flirt. cornice An ornamental molding running round the walls of a room close to the ceiling. cornucopia The horn of plenty, symbolizing peace and prosperity. corollary A proposition following so obviously from another that it requires little demonstration. coronation The act or ceremony of crowning a monarch. coronet Inferior crown denoting, according to its form, various degrees of noble rank less than sovereign. corporal Belonging or relating to the body as opposed to the mind. corporate Belonging to a corporation. corporeal Of a material nature; physical. corps A number or body of persons in some way associated or acting together. corpse A dead body. corpulent Obese. corpuscle A minute particle of matter. correlate To put in some relation of connection or correspondence. correlative Mutually involving or implying one another. corrigible Capable of reformation. corroborate To strengthen, as proof or conviction. corroboration Confirmation. corrode To ruin or destroy little by little. corrosion Gradual decay by crumbling or surface disintegration. corrosive That which causes gradual decay by crumbling or surface disintegration. corruptible Open to bribery. corruption Loss of purity or integrity. cosmetic Pertaining to the art of beautifying, especially the complexion. cosmic Pertaining to the universe. cosmogony A doctrine of creation or of the origin of the universe. cosmography The science that describes the universe, including astronomy, geography, and geology. cosmology The general science of the universe. cosmopolitan Common to all the world. cosmopolitanism A cosmopolitan character. cosmos The world or universe considered as a system, perfect in order and arrangement. counter-claim A cross-demand alleged by a defendant in his favor against the plaintiff. counteract To act in opposition to. counterbalance To oppose with an equal force. countercharge To accuse in return. counterfeit Made to resemble something else. counterpart Something taken with another for the completion of either. countervail To offset. counting-house A house or office used for transacting business, bookkeeping, correspondence, etc. countryman A rustic. courageous Brave. course Line of motion or direction. courser A fleet and spirited horse. courtesy Politeness originating in kindness and exercised habitually. covenant An agreement entered into by two or more persons or parties. covert Concealed, especially for an evil purpose. covey A flock of quails or partridges. cower To crouch down tremblingly, as through fear or shame. coxswain One who steers a rowboat, or one who has charge of a ship's boat and its crew under an officer. crag A rugged, rocky projection on a cliff or ledge. cranium The skull of an animal, especially that part enclosing the brain. crass Coarse or thick in nature or structure, as opposed to thin or fine. craving A vehement desire. creak A sharp, harsh, squeaking sound. creamery A butter-making establishment. creamy Resembling or containing cream. credence Belief. credible Believable. credulous Easily deceived. creed A formal summary of fundamental points of religious belief. crematory A place for cremating dead bodies. crevasse A deep crack or fissure in the ice of a glacier. crevice A small fissure, as between two contiguous surfaces. criterion A standard by which to determine the correctness of a judgment or conclusion. critique A criticism or critical review. crockery Earthenware made from baked clay. crucible A trying and purifying test or agency. crusade Any concerted movement, vigorously prosecuted, in behalf of an idea or principle. crustacean Pertaining to a division of arthropods, containing lobsters, crabs, crawfish, etc. crustaceous Having a crust-like shell. cryptogram Anything written in characters that are secret or so arranged as to have hidden meaning. crystallize To bring together or give fixed shape to. cudgel A short thick stick used as a club. culinary Of or pertaining to cooking or the kitchen. cull To pick or sort out from the rest. culpable Guilty. culprit A guilty person. culvert Any artificial covered channel for the passage of water through a bank or under a road, canal. cupidity Avarice. curable Capable of being remedied or corrected. curator A person having charge as of a library or museum. curio A piece of bric-a-brac. cursive Writing in which the letters are joined together. cursory Rapid and superficial. curt Concise, compressed, and abrupt in act or expression. curtail To cut off or cut short. curtsy A downward movement of the body by bending the knees. cycloid Like a circle. cygnet A young swan. cynical Exhibiting moral skepticism. cynicism Contempt for the opinions of others and of what others value. cynosure That to which general interest or attention is directed. daring Brave. darkling Blindly. Darwinism The doctrine that natural selection has been the prime cause of evolution of higher forms. dastard A base coward. datum A premise, starting-point, or given fact. dauntless Fearless. day-man A day-laborer. dead-heat A race in which two or more competitors come out even, and there is no winner. dearth Scarcity, as of something customary, essential ,or desirable. death's-head A human skull as a symbol of death. debase To lower in character or virtue. debatable Subject to contention or dispute. debonair Having gentle or courteous bearing or manner. debut A first appearance in society or on the stage. decagon A figure with ten sides and ten angles. decagram A weight of 10 grams. decaliter A liquid and dry measure of 10 liters. decalogue The ten commandments. Decameron A volume consisting of ten parts or books. decameter A length of ten meters. decamp To leave suddenly or unexpectedly. decapitate To behead. decapod Ten-footed or ten-armed. decasyllable A line of ten syllables. deceit Falsehood. deceitful Fraudulent. deceive To mislead by or as by falsehood. decency Moral fitness. decent Characterized by propriety of conduct, speech, manners, or dress. deciduous Falling off at maturity as petals after flowering, fruit when ripe, etc. decimal Founded on the number 10. decimate To destroy a measurable or large proportion of. decipher To find out the true words or meaning of, as something hardly legible. decisive Conclusive. declamation A speech recited or intended for recitation from memory in public. declamatory A full and formal style of utterance. declarative Containing a formal, positive, or explicit statement or affirmation. declension The change of endings in nouns and - to express their different relations of gender. decorate To embellish. decorous Suitable for the occasion or circumstances. decoy Anything that allures, or is intended to allures into danger or temptation. decrepit Enfeebled, as by old age or some chronic infirmity. dedication The voluntary consecration or relinquishment of something to an end or cause. deduce To derive or draw as a conclusion by reasoning from given premises or principles. deface To mar or disfigure the face or external surface of. defalcate To cut off or take away, as a part of something. defamation Malicious and groundless injury done to the reputation or good name of another. defame To slander. default The neglect or omission of a legal requirement. defendant A person against whom a suit is brought. defensible Capable of being maintained or justified. defensive Carried on in resistance to aggression. defer To delay or put off to some other time. deference Respectful submission or yielding, as to another's opinion, wishes, or judgment. defiant Characterized by bold or insolent opposition. deficiency Lack or insufficiency. deficient Not having an adequate or proper supply or amount. definite Having an exact signification or positive meaning. deflect To cause to turn aside or downward. deforest To clear of forests. deform To disfigure. deformity A disfigurement. defraud To deprive of something dishonestly. defray To make payment for. degeneracy A becoming worse. degenerate To become worse or inferior. degradation Diminution, as of strength or magnitude. degrade To take away honors or position from. dehydrate To deprive of water. deify To regard or worship as a god. deign To deem worthy of notice or account. deist One who believes in God, but denies supernatural revelation. deity A god, goddess, or divine person. deject To dishearten. dejection Melancholy. delectable Delightful to the taste or to the senses. delectation Delight. deleterious Hurtful, morally or physically. delicacy That which is agreeable to a fine taste. delineate To represent by sketch or diagram. deliquesce To dissolve gradually and become liquid by absorption of moisture from the air. delirious Raving. delude To mislead the mind or judgment of. deluge To overwhelm with a flood of water. delusion Mistaken conviction, especially when more or less enduring. demagnetize To deprive (a magnet) of magnetism. demagogue An unprincipled politician. demeanor Deportment. demented Insane. demerit A mark for failure or bad conduct. demise Death. demobilize To disband, as troops. demolish To annihilate. demonstrable Capable of positive proof. demonstrate To prove indubitably. demonstrative Inclined to strong exhibition or expression of feeling or thoughts. demonstrator One who proves in a convincing and conclusive manner. demulcent Any application soothing to an irritable surface demurrage the detention of a vessel beyond the specified time of sailing. dendroid Like a tree. dendrology The natural history of trees. denizen Inhabitant. denominate To give a name or epithet to. denomination A body of Christians united by a common faith and form of worship and discipline. denominator Part of a fraction which expresses the number of equal parts into which the unit is divided. denote To designate by word or mark. denouement That part of a play or story in which the mystery is cleared up. denounce To point out or publicly accuse as deserving of punishment, censure, or odium. dentifrice Any preparation used for cleaning the teeth. denude To strip the covering from. denunciation The act of declaring an action or person worthy of reprobation or punishment. deplete To reduce or lessen, as by use, exhaustion, or waste. deplorable Contemptible. deplore To regard with grief or sorrow. deponent Laying down. depopulate To remove the inhabitants from. deport To take or send away forcibly, as to a penal colony. deportment Demeanor. deposition Testimony legally taken on interrogatories and reduced to writing, for use as evidence in court. depositor One who makes a deposit, or has an amount deposited. depository A place where anything is kept in safety. deprave To render bad, especially morally bad. deprecate To express disapproval or regret for, with hope for the opposite. depreciate To lessen the worth of. depreciation A lowering in value or an underrating in worth. depress To press down. depression A falling of the spirits. depth Deepness. derelict Neglectful of obligation. deride To ridicule. derisible Open to ridicule. derision Ridicule. derivation That process by which a word is traced from its original root or primitive form and meaning. derivative Coming or acquired from some origin. derive To deduce, as from a premise. dermatology The branch of medical science which relates to the skin and its diseases. derrick An apparatus for hoisting and swinging great weights. descendant One who is descended lineally from another, as a child, grandchild, etc. descendent Proceeding downward. descent The act of moving or going downward. descry To discern. desert To abandon without regard to the welfare of the abandoned desiccant Any remedy which, when applied externally, dries up or absorbs moisture, as that of wounds. designate To select or appoint, as by authority. desist To cease from action. desistance Cessation. despair Utter hopelessness and despondency. desperado One without regard for law or life. desperate Resorted to in a last extremity, or as if prompted by utter despair. despicable Contemptible. despond To lose spirit, courage, or hope. despondent Disheartened. despot An absolute and irresponsible monarch. despotism Any severe and strict rule in which the judgment of the governed has little or no part. destitute Poverty-stricken. desultory Not connected with what precedes. deter To frighten away. deteriorate To grow worse. determinate Definitely limited or fixed. determination The act of deciding. deterrent Hindering from action through fear. detest To dislike or hate with intensity. detract To take away in such manner as to lessen value or estimation. detriment Something that causes damage, depreciation, or loss. detrude To push down forcibly. deviate To take a different course. devilry Malicious mischief. deviltry Wanton and malicious mischief. devious Out of the common or regular track. devise To invent. devout Religious. dexterity Readiness, precision, efficiency, and ease in any physical activity or in any mechanical work. diabolic Characteristic of the devil. diacritical Marking a difference. diagnose To distinguish, as a disease, by its characteristic phenomena. diagnosis Determination of the distinctive nature of a disease. dialect Forms of speech collectively that are peculiar to the people of a particular district. dialectician A logician. dialogue A formal conversation in which two or more take part. diaphanous Transparent. diatomic Containing only two atoms. diatribe A bitter or malicious criticism. dictum A positive utterance. didactic Pertaining to teaching. difference Dissimilarity in any respect. differentia Any essential characteristic of a species by reason of which it differs from other species. differential Distinctive. differentiate To acquire a distinct and separate character. diffidence Self-distrust. diffident Affected or possessed with self-distrust. diffusible Spreading rapidly through the system and acting quickly. diffusion Dispersion. dignitary One who holds high rank. digraph A union of two characters representing a single sound. digress To turn aside from the main subject and for a time dwell on some incidental matter. dilate To enlarge in all directions. dilatory Tending to cause delay. dilemma A situation in which a choice between opposing modes of conduct is necessary. dilettante A superficial amateur. diligence Careful and persevering effort to accomplish what is undertaken. dilute To make more fluid or less concentrated by admixture with something. diminution Reduction. dimly Obscurely. diphthong The sound produced by combining two vowels in to a single syllable or running together the sounds. diplomacy Tact, shrewdness, or skill in conducting any kind of negotiations or in social matters. diplomat A representative of one sovereign state at the capital or court of another. diplomatic Characterized by special tact in negotiations. diplomatist One remarkable for tact and shrewd management. disagree To be opposite in opinion. disallow To withhold permission or sanction. disappear To cease to exist, either actually or for the time being. disappoint To fail to fulfill the expectation, hope, wish, or desire of. disapprove To regard with blame. disarm To deprive of weapons. disarrange To throw out of order. disavow To disclaim responsibility for. disavowal Denial. disbeliever One who refuses to believe. disburden To disencumber. disburse To pay out or expend, as money from a fund. discard To reject. discernible Perceivable. disciple One who believes the teaching of another, or who adopts and follows some doctrine. disciplinary Having the nature of systematic training or subjection to authority. discipline To train to obedience. disclaim To disavow any claim to, connection with, or responsibility to. discolor To stain. discomfit To put to confusion. discomfort The state of being positively uncomfortable. disconnect To undo or dissolve the connection or association of. disconsolate Grief-stricken. discontinuance Interruption or intermission. discord Absence of harmoniousness. discountenance To look upon with disfavor. discover To get first sight or knowledge of, as something previously unknown or unperceived. discredit To injure the reputation of. discreet Judicious. discrepant Opposite. discriminate To draw a distinction. discursive Passing from one subject to another. discussion Debate. disenfranchise To deprive of any right privilege or power disengage To become detached. disfavor Disregard. disfigure To impair or injure the beauty, symmetry, or appearance of. dishabille Undress or negligent attire. dishonest Untrustworthy. disillusion To disenchant. disinfect To remove or destroy the poison of infectious or contagious diseases. disinfectant A substance used to destroy the germs of infectious diseases. disinherit To deprive of an inheritance. disinterested Impartial. disjunctive Helping or serving to disconnect or separate. dislocate To put out of proper place or order. dismissal Displacement by authority from an office or an employment. dismount To throw down, push off, or otherwise remove from a horse or the like. disobedience Neglect or refusal to comply with an authoritative injunction. disobedient Neglecting or refusing to obey. disown To refuse to acknowledge as one's own or as connected with oneself. disparage To regard or speak of slightingly. disparity Inequality. dispel To drive away by or as by scattering in different directions. dispensation That which is bestowed on or appointed to one from a higher power. displace To put out of the proper or accustomed place. dispossess To deprive of actual occupancy, especially of real estate. disputation Verbal controversy. disqualify To debar. disquiet To deprive of peace or tranquillity. disregard To take no notice of. disreputable Dishonorable or disgraceful. disrepute A bad name or character. disrobe To unclothe. disrupt To burst or break asunder. dissatisfy To displease. dissect To cut apart or to pieces. dissection The act or operation of cutting in pieces, specifically of a plant or an animal. dissemble To hide by pretending something different. disseminate To sow or scatter abroad, as seed is sown. dissension Angry or violent difference of opinion. dissent Disagreement. dissentient One who disagrees. dissentious Contentious. dissertation Thesis. disservice An ill turn. dissever To divide. dissimilar Different. dissipate To disperse or disappear. dissipation The state of being dispersed or scattered. dissolute Lewd. dissolution A breaking up of a union of persons. dissolve To liquefy or soften, as by heat or moisture. dissonance Discord. dissonant Harsh or disagreeable in sound. dissuade To change the purpose or alter the plans of by persuasion, counsel, or pleading. dissuasion The act of changing the purpose of or altering the plans of through persuasion, or pleading. disyllable A word of two syllables. distemper A disease or malady. distend To stretch out or expand in every direction. distensible Capable of being stretched out or expanded in every direction. distention Expansion. distill To extract or produce by vaporization and condensation. distillation Separation of the more volatile parts of a substance from those less volatile. distiller One occupied in the business of distilling alcoholic liquors. distinction A note or designation of honor, officially recognizing superiority or success in studies. distort To twist into an unnatural or irregular form. distrain To subject a person to distress. distrainor One who subjects a person to distress. distraught Bewildered. distrust Lack of confidence in the power, wisdom, or good intent of any person. disunion Separation of relations or interests. diurnal Daily. divagation Digression. divergent Tending in different directions. diverse Capable of various forms. diversion Pastime. diversity Dissimilitude. divert To turn from the accustomed course or a line of action already established. divertible Able to be turned from the accustomed course or a line of action already established. divest To strip, specifically of clothes, ornaments, or accouterments or disinvestment. divination The pretended forecast of future events or discovery of what is lost or hidden. divinity The quality or character of being godlike. divisible Capable of being separated into parts. divisor That by which a number or quantity is divided. divulge To tell or make known, as something previously private or secret. divulgence A divulging. docile Easy to manage. docket The registry of judgments of a court. doe The female of the deer. dogma A statement of religious faith or duty formulated by a body claiming authority. dogmatic Making statements without argument or evidence. dogmatize To make positive assertions without supporting them by argument or evidence. doleful Melancholy. dolesome Melancholy. dolor Lamentation. dolorous Expressing or causing sorrow or pain. domain A sphere or field of action or interest. domesticity Life in or fondness for one's home and family. domicile The place where one lives. dominance Ascendancy. dominant Conspicuously prominent. dominate To influence controllingly. domination Control by the exercise of power or constituted authority. domineer To rule with insolence or unnecessary annoyance. donate To bestow as a gift, especially for a worthy cause. donator One who makes a donation or present. donee A person to whom a donation is made. donor One who makes a donation or present. dormant Being in a state of or resembling sleep. doublet One of a pair of like things. doubly In twofold degree or extent. dowry The property which a wife brings to her husband in marriage. drachma A modern and an ancient Greek coin. dragnet A net to be drawn along the bottom of the water. dragoon In the British army, a cavalryman. drainage The means of draining collectively, as a system of conduits, trenches, pipes, etc. dramatist One who writes plays. dramatize To relate or represent in a dramatic or theatrical manner. drastic Acting vigorously. drought Dry weather, especially when so long continued as to cause vegetation to wither. drowsy Heavy with sleepiness. drudgery Hard and constant work in any menial or dull occupation. dubious Doubtful. duckling A young duck. ductile Capable of being drawn out, as into wire or a thread. duet A composition for two voices or instruments. dun To make a demand or repeated demands on for payment. duplex Having two parts. duplicity Double-dealing. durance Confinement. duration The period of time during which anything lasts. duteous Showing submission to natural superiors. dutiable Subject to a duty, especially a customs duty. dutiful Obedient. dwindle To diminish or become less. dyne The force which, applied to a mass of one gram for 1 second, would give it a velocity of 1 cm/s. earnest Ardent in spirit and speech. earthenware Anything made of clay and baked in a kiln or dried in the sun. eatable Edible. ebullient Showing enthusiasm or exhilaration of feeling. eccentric Peculiar. eccentricity Idiosyncrasy. eclipse The obstruction of a heavenly body by its entering into the shadow of another body. economize To spend sparingly. ecstasy Rapturous excitement or exaltation. ecstatic Enraptured. edible Suitable to be eaten. edict That which is uttered or proclaimed by authority as a rule of action. edify To build up, or strengthen, especially in morals or religion. editorial An article in a periodical written by the editor and published as an official argument. educe To draw out. efface To obliterate. effect A consequence. effective Fit for a destined purpose. effectual Efficient. effeminacy Womanishness. effeminate Having womanish traits or qualities. effervesce To bubble up. effervescent Giving off bubbles of gas. effete Exhausted, as having performed its functions. efficacious Effective. efficacy The power to produce an intended effect as shown in the production of it. efficiency The state of possessing adequate skill or knowledge for the performance of a duty. efficient Having and exercising the power to produce effects or results. efflorescence The state of being flowery, or a flowery appearance. efflorescent Opening in flower. effluvium A noxious or ill-smelling exhalation from decaying or putrefying matter. effrontery Unblushing impudence. effulgence Splendor. effuse To pour forth. effusion an outpouring. egoism The theory that places man's chief good in the completeness of self. egoist One who advocates or practices egoism. egotism Self-conceit. egotist One given to self-mention or who is constantly telling of his own views and experiences. egregious Extreme. egress Any place of exit. eject To expel. elapse To quietly terminate: said of time. elasticity That property of matter by which a body tends to return to a former shape after being changed. electrolysis The process of decomposing a chemical compound by the passage of an electric current. electrotype A metallic copy of any surface, as a coin. elegy A lyric poem lamenting the dead. element A component or essential part. elicit To educe or extract gradually or without violence. eligible Qualified for selection. eliminate To separate and cast aside. Elizabethan Relating to Elizabeth, queen of England, or to her era. elocution The art of correct intonation, inflection, and gesture in public speaking or reading. eloquent Having the ability to express emotion or feeling in lofty and impassioned speech. elucidate To bring out more clearly the facts concerning. elude To evade the search or pursuit of by dexterity or artifice. elusion Evasion. emaciate To waste away in flesh. emanate To flow forth or proceed, as from some source. emancipate To release from bondage. embargo Authoritative stoppage of foreign commerce or of any special trade. embark To make a beginning in some occupation or scheme. embarrass To render flustered or agitated. embellish To make beautiful or elegant by adding attractive or ornamental features. embezzle To misappropriate secretly. emblazon To set forth publicly or in glowing terms. emblem A symbol. embody To express, formulate, or exemplify in a concrete, compact or visible form. embolden To give courage to. embolism An obstruction or plugging up of an artery or other blood-vessel. embroil To involve in dissension or strife. emerge To come into view or into existence. emergence A coming into view. emergent Coming into view. emeritus Retired from active service but retained to an honorary position. emigrant One who moves from one place to settle in another. emigrate To go from one country, state, or region for the purpose of settling or residing in another. eminence An elevated position with respect to rank, place, character, condition, etc. eminent High in station, merit, or esteem. emit To send or give out. emphasis Any special impressiveness added to an utterance or act, or stress laid upon some word. emphasize To articulate or enunciate with special impressiveness upon a word, or a group of words. emphatic Spoken with any special impressiveness laid upon an act, word, or set of words. employee One who works for wages or a salary. employer One who uses or engages the services of other persons for pay. emporium A bazaar or shop. empower To delegate authority to. emulate To imitate with intent to equal or surpass. enact To make into law, as by legislative act. enamor To inspire with ardent love. encamp To pitch tents for a resting-place. encomium A formal or discriminating expression of praise. encompass To encircle. encore The call for a repetition, as of some part of a play or performance. encourage To inspire with courage, hope, or strength of mind. encroach To invade partially or insidiously and appropriate the possessions of another. encumber To impede with obstacles. encyclical Intended for general circulation. encyclopedia A work containing information on subjects, or exhaustive of one subject. endanger To expose to peril. endear To cause to be loved. endemic Peculiar to some specified country or people. endue To endow with some quality, gift, or grace, usually spiritual. endurable Tolerable. endurance The ability to suffer pain, distress, hardship, or stress of any kind without succumbing. energetic Working vigorously. enervate To render ineffective or inoperative. enfeeble To debilitate. enfranchise To endow with a privilege, especially with the right to vote. engender To produce. engrave To cut or carve in or upon some surface. engross To occupy completely. enhance To intensify. enigma A riddle. enjoin To command. enkindle To set on fire. enlighten To cause to see clearly. enlist To enter voluntarily the military service by formal enrollment. enmity Hatred. ennoble To dignify. enormity Immensity. enormous Gigantic. enrage To infuriate. enrapture To delight extravagantly or intensely. enshrine To keep sacred. ensnare To entrap. entail To involve; necessitate. entangle To involve in difficulties, confusion, or complications. enthrall To bring or hold under any overmastering influence. enthrone To invest with sovereign power. enthuse To yield to or display intense and rapturous feeling. enthusiastic Full of zeal and fervor. entirety A complete thing. entomology The branch of zoology that treats of insects. entrails pl. The internal parts of an animal. entreaty An earnest request. entree The act of entering. entrench To fortify or protect, as with a trench or ditch and wall. entwine To interweave. enumerate To name one by one. epic A poem celebrating in formal verse the mythical achievements of great personages, heroes, etc. epicure One who cultivates a delicate taste for eating and drinking. Epicurean Indulging, ministering, or pertaining to daintiness of appetite. epicycle A circle that rolls upon the external or internal circumference of another circle. epicycloid A curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle which rolls upon another circle. epidemic Wide-spread occurrence of a disease in a certain region. epidermis The outer skin. epigram A pithy phrasing of a shrewd observation. epilogue The close of a narrative or dramatic poem. epiphany Any appearance or bodily manifestation of a deity. episode An incident or story in a literary work, separable from yet growing out of it. epitaph An inscription on a tomb or monument in honor or in memory of the dead. epithet Word used adjectivally to describe some quality or attribute of is objects, as in "Father Aeneas". epitome A simplified representation. epizootic Prevailing among animals. epoch A interval of time, memorable for extraordinary events. epode A species of lyric poems. equalize To render uniform. equanimity Evenness of mind or temper. equestrian Pertaining to horses or horsemanship. equilibrium A state of balance. equitable Characterized by fairness. equity Fairness or impartiality. equivalent Equal in value, force, meaning, or the like. equivocal Ambiguous. equivocate To use words of double meaning. eradicate To destroy thoroughly. errant Roving or wandering, as in search of adventure or opportunity for gallant deeds. erratic Irregular. erroneous Incorrect. erudite Very-learned. erudition Extensive knowledge of literature, history, language, etc. eschew To keep clear of. espy To keep close watch. esquire A title of dignity, office, or courtesy. essence That which makes a thing to be what it is. esthetic Pertaining to beauty, taste, or the fine arts. estimable Worthy of respect. estrange To alienate. estuary A wide lower part of a tidal river. eugenic Relating to the development and improvement of race. eulogize To speak or write a laudation of a person's life or character. eulogy A spoken or written laudation of a person's life or character. euphemism A figure of speech by which a phrase less offensive is substituted. euphonious Characterized by agreeableness of sound. euphony Agreeableness of sound. evade To avoid by artifice. evanesce To vanish gradually. evanescent Fleeting. evangelical Seeking the conversion of sinners. evangelist A preacher who goes from place to place holding services. evasion Escape. eventual Ultimate. evert To turn inside out. evict To dispossess pursuant to judicial decree. evidential Indicative. evince To make manifest or evident. evoke To call or summon forth. evolution Development or growth. evolve To unfold or expand. exacerbate To make more sharp, severe, or virulent. exaggerate To overstate. exasperate To excite great anger in. excavate To remove by digging or scooping out. exceed To go beyond, as in measure, quality, value, action, power, skill, etc. excel To be superior or distinguished. excellence Possession of eminently or unusually good qualities. excellency A title of honor bestowed upon various high officials. excellent Possessing distinguished merit. excerpt An extract or selection from written or printed matter. excess That which passes the ordinary, proper, or required limit, measure, or experience. excitable Nervously high-strung. excitation Intensified emotion or action. exclamation An abrupt or emphatic expression of thought or of feeling. exclude To shut out purposely or forcibly. exclusion Non-admission. excrescence Any unnatural addition, outgrowth, or development. excretion The getting rid of waste matter. excruciate To inflict severe pain or agony upon. excursion A journey. excusable Justifiable. execrable Abominable. execration An accursed thing. executor A person nominated by the will of another to execute the will. exegesis Biblical exposition or interpretation. exemplar A model, pattern, or original to be copied or imitated. exemplary Fitted to serve as a model or example worthy of imitation. exemplify To show by example. exempt Free, clear, or released, as from some liability, or restriction affecting others. exert To make an effort. exhale To breathe forth. exhaust To empty by draining off the contents. exhaustible Causing or tending to cause exhaustion. exhaustion Deprivation of strength or energy. exhaustive Thorough and complete in execution. exhilarate To fill with high or cheerful spirits. exhume To dig out of the earth (what has been buried). exigency A critical period or condition. exigent Urgent. existence Possession or continuance of being. exit A way or passage out. exodus A going forth or departure from a place or country, especially of many people. exonerate To relieve or vindicate from accusation, imputation, or blame. exorbitance Extravagance or enormity. exorbitant Going beyond usual and proper limits. exorcise To cast or drive out by religious or magical means. exotic Foreign. expand To increase in range or scope. expanse A continuous area or stretch. expansion Increase of amount, size, scope, or the like. expatriate To drive from one's own country. expect To look forward to as certain or probable. expectancy The act or state of looking forward to as certain or probable. expectorate To cough up and spit forth. expediency Fitness to meet the requirements of a particular case. expedient Contributing to personal advantage. expedite To hasten the movement or progress of. expeditious Speedy. expend To spend. expense The laying out or expending or money or other resources, as time or strength. expiate To make satisfaction or amends for. explicate To clear from involvement. explicit Definite. explode To cause to burst in pieces by force from within. explosion A sudden and violent outbreak. explosive Pertaining to a sudden and violent outbreak. exposition Formal presentation. expository Pertaining to a formal presentation. expostulate To discuss. exposure An open situation or position in relation to the sun, elements, or points of the compass. expressive Full of meaning. expulsion Forcible ejection. extant Still existing and known. extemporaneous Done or made without much or any preparation. extempore Without studied or special preparation. extensible Capable of being thrust out. extension A reaching or stretching out, as in space, time or scope. extensive Extended widely in space, time, or scope. extensor A muscle that causes extension. extenuate To diminish the gravity or importance of. exterior That which is outside. external Anything relating or belonging to the outside. extinct Being no longer in existence. extinguish To render extinct. extol To praise in the highest terms. extort To obtain by violence, threats, compulsion, or the subjection of another to some necessity. extortion The practice of obtaining by violence or compulsion. extradite To surrender the custody of. extradition The surrender by a government of a person accused of crime to the justice of another government. extrajudicial Happening out of court. extraneous Having no essential relation to a subject. extraordinary Unusual. extravagance Undue expenditure of money. extravagant Needlessly free or lavish in expenditure. extremist One who supports extreme measures or holds extreme views. extremity The utmost point, side, or border, or that farthest removed from a mean position. extricate Disentangle. extrude To drive out or away. exuberance Rich supply. exuberant Marked by great plentifulness. fabricate To invent fancifully or falsely. fabulous Incredible. facet One of the small triangular plane surfaces of a diamond or other gem. facetious Amusing. facial Pertaining to the face. facile Not difficult to do. facilitate To make more easy. facility Ease. facsimile An exact copy or reproduction. faction A number of persons combined for a common purpose. factious Turbulent. fallacious Illogical. fallacy Any unsound or delusive mode of reasoning, or anything based on such reasoning. fallible Capable of erring. fallow Land broken up and left to become mellow or to rest. famish To suffer extremity of hunger or thirst. fanatic A religious zealot. fancier One having a taste for or interest in special objects. fanciless Unimaginative. fastidious Hard to please. fathom A measure of length, 6 feet. fatuous Idiotic faulty Imperfect. faun One of a class of deities of the woods and herds represented as half human, with goats feet. fawn A young deer. fealty Loyalty. feasible That may be done, performed, or effected; practicable. federate To league together. feint Any sham, pretense, or deceptive movement. felicitate To wish joy or happiness to, especially in view of a coming event. felicity A state of well-founded happiness. felon A criminal or depraved person. felonious Showing criminal or evil purpose. felony One of the highest class of offenses, and punishable with death or imprisonment. feminine Characteristic of woman or womankind. fernery A place in which ferns are grown. ferocious Of a wild, fierce, and savage nature. ferocity Savageness. fervent Ardent in feeling. fervid Intense. fervor Ardor or intensity of feeling. festal Joyous. festive Merry. fete A festival or feast. fetus The young in the womb or in the egg. feudal Pertaining to the relation of lord and vassal. feudalism The feudal system. fez A brimless felt cap in the shape of a truncated cone, usually red with a black tassel. fiasco A complete or humiliating failure. fickle Unduly changeable in feeling, judgment, or purpose. fictitious Created or formed by the imagination. fidelity Loyalty. fiducial Indicative of faith or trust. fief A landed estate held under feudal tenure. filibuster One who attempts to obstruct legislation. finale Concluding performance. finality The state or quality of being final or complete. finally At last. financial Monetary. financier One skilled in or occupied with financial affairs or operations. finery That which is used to decorate the person or dress. finesse Subtle contrivance used to gain a point. finite Limited. fiscal Pertaining to the treasury or public finances of a government. fishmonger One who sells fish. fissure A crack or crack-like depression. fitful Spasmodic. fixture One who or that which is expected to remain permanently in its position. flag-officer The captain of a flag-ship. flagrant Openly scandalous. flamboyant Characterized by extravagance and in general by want of good taste. flatulence Accumulation of gas in the stomach and bowels. flection The act of bending. fledgling A young bird. flexible Pliable. flimsy Thin and weak. flippant Having a light, pert, trifling disposition. floe A collection of tabular masses of floating polar ice. flora The aggregate of plants growing without cultivation in a district. floral Pertaining to flowers. florid Flushed with red. florist A dealer in flowers. fluctuate To pass backward and forward irregularly from one state or degree to another. fluctuation Frequent irregular change back and forth from one state or degree to another. flue A smoke-duct in a chimney. fluent Having a ready or easy flow of words or ideas. fluential Pertaining to streams. flux A state of constant movement, change, or renewal. foggy Obscure. foible A personal weakness or failing. foist To palm off. foliage Any growth of leaves. folio A sheet of paper folded once, or of a size adapted to folding once. folk-lore The traditions, beliefs, and customs of the common people. fondle To handle tenderly and lovingly. foolery Folly. foot-note A note of explanation or comment at the foot of a page or column. foppery Dandyism. foppish Characteristic of one who is unduly devoted to dress and the niceties of manners. forbearance Patient endurance or toleration of offenses. forby Besides. forcible Violent. forecourt A court opening directly from the street. forejudge To judge of before hearing evidence. forepeak The extreme forward part of a ship's hold, under the lowest deck. foreshore That part of a shore uncovered at low tide. forebode To be an omen or warning sign of, especially of evil. forecast To predict. forecastle That part of the upper deck of a ship forward of the after fore-shrouds. foreclose To bar by judicial proceedings the equitable right of a mortgagor to redeem property. forefather An ancestor. forego To deny oneself the pleasure or profit of. foreground That part of a landscape or picture situated or represented as nearest the spectator. forehead The upper part of the face, between the eyes and the hair. foreign Belonging to, situated in, or derived from another country. foreigner A citizen of a foreign country. foreknowledge Prescience. foreman The head man. foreordain To predetermine. foreordination Predestination. forerun To go before as introducing or ushering in. foresail A square sail. foresee To discern beforehand. foresight Provision against harm or need. foretell To predict. forethought Premeditation. forfeit To lose possession of through failure to fulfill some obligation. forfend To ward off. forgery Counterfeiting. forgo To deny oneself. formation Relative disposition of parts. formidable Difficult to accomplish. formula Fixed rule or set form. forswear To renounce upon oath. forte A strong point. forth Into notice or view. forthright With directness. fortify To provide with defensive works. fortitude Patient courage. foursome Consisting of four. fracture A break. fragile Easily broken. frailty Liability to be broken or destroyed. fragile Capable of being broken. frankincense A gum or resin which on burning yields aromatic fumes. frantic Frenzied. fraternal Brotherly. fraudulence Deceitfulness. fraudulent Counterfeit. fray To fret at the edge so as to loosen or break the threads. freemason A member of an ancient secret fraternity originally confined to skilled artisans. freethinker One who rejects authority or inspiration in religion. free trade Commerce unrestricted by tariff or customs. frequency The comparative number of any kind of occurrences within a given time or space. fresco The art of painting on a surface of plaster, particularly on walls and ceilings. freshness The state, quality, or degree of being fresh. fretful Disposed to peevishness. frightful Apt to induce terror or alarm. frigid Lacking warmth. frigidarium A room kept at a low temperature for preserving fruits, meat, etc. frivolity A trifling act, thought, saying, or practice. frivolous Trivial. frizz To give a crinkled, fluffy appearance to. frizzle To cause to crinkle or curl, as the hair. frolicsome Prankish. frontier The part of a nation's territory that abuts upon another country. frowzy Slovenly in appearance. frugal Economical. fruition Fulfillment. fugacious Fleeting. fulcrum The support on or against which a lever rests, or the point about which it turns. fulminate To cause to explode. fulsome Offensive from excess of praise or commendation. fumigate To subject to the action of smoke or fumes, especially for disinfection. functionary An official. fundamental Basal. fungible That may be measured, counted, or weighed. fungous Spongy. fungus A plant destitute of chlorophyll, as a mushroom. furbish To restore brightness or beauty to. furlong A measure, one-eighth of a mile. furlough A temporary absence of a soldier or sailor by permission of the commanding officer. furrier A dealer in or maker of fur goods. further More distant or advanced. furtherance Advancement. furtive Stealthy or sly, like the actions of a thief. fuse To unite or blend as by melting together. fusible Capable of being melted by heat. futile Of no avail or effect. futurist A person of expectant temperament. gauge An instrument for measuring. gaiety Festivity. gaily Merrily. gait Carriage of the body in going. gallant Possessing a brave or chivalrous spirit. galore Abundant. galvanic Pertaining or relating to electricity produced by chemical action. galvanism Current electricity, especially that arising from chemical action. galvanize To imbue with life or animation. gamble To risk money or other possession on an event, chance, or contingency. gambol Playful leaping or frisking. gamester A gambler. gamut The whole range or sequence. garnish In cookery, to surround with additions for embellishment. garrison The military force stationed in a fort, town, or other place for its defense. garrote To execute by strangling. garrulous Given to constant trivial talking. gaseous Light and unsubstantial. gastric Of, pertaining to, or near the stomach. gastritis Inflammation of the stomach. gastronomy The art of preparing and serving appetizing food. gendarme In continental Europe, particularly in France, a uniformed and armed police officer. genealogy A list, in the order of succession, of ancestors and their descendants. genealogist A tracer of pedigrees. generality The principal portion. generalize To draw general inferences. generally Ordinarily. generate To produce or cause to be. generic Noting a genus or kind; opposed to specific. generosity A disposition to give liberally or to bestow favors heartily. genesis Creation. geniality Warmth and kindliness of disposition. genital Of or pertaining to the animal reproductive organs. genitive Indicating source, origin, possession, or the like. genteel Well-bred or refined. gentile Belonging to a people not Jewish. geology The department of natural science that treats of the constitution and structure of the earth. germane Relevant. germinate To begin to develop into an embryo or higher form. gestation Pregnancy. gesticulate To make gestures or motions, as in speaking, or in place of speech. gesture A movement or action of the hands or face, expressive of some idea or emotion. ghastly Hideous. gibe To utter taunts or reproaches. giddy Affected with a whirling or swimming sensation in the head. gigantic Tremendous. giver One who gives, in any sense. glacial Icy, or icily cold. glacier A field or stream of ice. gladden To make joyous. glazier One who cuts and fits panes of glass, as for windows. glimmer A faint, wavering, unsteady light. glimpse A momentary look. globose Spherical. globular Spherical. glorious Of excellence and splendor. glutinous Sticky. gluttonous Given to excess in eating. gnash To grind or strike the teeth together, as from rage. Gordian knot Any difficulty the only issue out of which is by bold or unusual manners. gourmand A connoisseur in the delicacies of the table. gosling A young goose. gossamer Flimsy. gourd A melon, pumpkin, squash, or some similar fruit having a hard rind. graceless Ungracious. gradation A step, degree, rank, or relative position in an order or series. gradient Moving or advancing by steps. granary A storehouse for grain after it is thrashed or husked. grandeur The quality of being grand or admirably great. grandiloquent Speaking in or characterized by a pompous or bombastic style. grandiose Having an imposing style or effect. grantee The person to whom property is transferred by deed. grantor The maker of a deed. granular Composed of small grains or particles. granulate To form into grains or small particles. granule A small grain or particle. grapple To take hold of. gratification Satisfaction. gratify To please, as by satisfying a physical or mental desire or need. gratuitous Voluntarily. gratuity That which is given without demand or claim. Tip. gravity Seriousness. gregarious Not habitually solitary or living alone. grenadier A member of a regiment composed of men of great stature. grief Sorrow. grievance That which oppresses, injures, or causes grief and at the same time a sense of wrong. grievous Creating affliction. grimace A distortion of the features, occasioned by some feeling of pain, disgust, etc. grindstone A flat circular stone, used for sharpening tools. grisly Fear-inspiring. grotesque Incongruously composed or ill-proportioned. grotto A small cavern. ground A pavement or floor or any supporting surface on which one may walk. guess Surmise. guile Duplicity. guileless Frank. guinea An English monetary unit. guise The external appearance as produced by garb or costume. gullible Credulous. gumption Common sense. gusto Keen enjoyment. guy Stay-rope. guzzle To swallow greedily or hastily; gulp. gynecocracy Female supremacy. gynecology The science that treats of the functions and diseases peculiar to women. gyrate To revolve. gyroscope An instrument for illustrating the laws of rotation. habitable Fit to be dwelt in. habitant Dweller. habitual According to usual practice. habitude Customary relation or association. hackney To make stale or trite by repetition. haggard Worn and gaunt in appearance. halcyon Calm. hale Of sound and vigorous health. handwriting Penmanship. hanger-on A parasite. happy-go-lucky Improvident. harangue A tirade. harass To trouble with importunities, cares, or annoyances. harbinger One who or that which foreruns and announces the coming of any person or thing. hard-hearted Lacking pity or sympathy. hardihood Foolish daring. harmonious Concordant in sound. havoc Devastation. hawthorn A thorny shrub much used in England for hedges. hazard Risk. head first Precipitately, as in diving. head foremost Precipitately, as in diving. heartrending Very depressing. heathenish Irreligious. heedless Thoughtless. heifer A young cow. heinous Odiously sinful. hemorrhage Discharge of blood from a ruptured or wounded blood-vessel. hemorrhoids pl. Tumors composed of enlarged and thickened blood-vessels, at the lower end of the rectum. henchman A servile assistant and subordinate. henpeck To worry or harass by ill temper and petty annoyances. heptagon A figure having seven sides and seven angles. heptarchy A group of seven governments. herbaceous Having the character of a herb. herbarium A collection of dried plants scientifically arranged for study. herbivorous Feeding on herbs or other vegetable matter, as animals. hereditary Passing naturally from parent to child. heredity Transmission of physical or mental qualities, diseases, etc., from parent to offspring. heresy An opinion or doctrine subversive of settled beliefs or accepted principles. heretic One who holds opinions contrary to the recognized standards or tenets of any philosophy. heritage Birthright. hernia Protrusion of any internal organ in whole or in part from its normal position. hesitancy A pausing to consider. hesitant Vacillating. hesitation Vacillation. heterodox At variance with any commonly accepted doctrine or opinion. heterogeneity Unlikeness of constituent parts. heterogeneous Consisting of dissimilar elements or ingredients of different kinds. heteromorphic Deviating from the normal form or standard type. hexangular Having six angles. hexapod Having six feet. hexagon A figure with six angles. hiatus A break or vacancy where something necessary to supply the connection is wanting. hibernal Pertaining to winter. Hibernian Pertaining to Ireland, or its people. hideous Appalling. hilarious Boisterously merry. hillock A small hill or mound. hinder To obstruct. hindmost Farthest from the front. hindrance An obstacle. hirsute Having a hairy covering. hoard To gather and store away for the sake of accumulation. hoarse Having the voice harsh or rough, as from a cold or fatigue. homage Reverential regard or worship. homogeneity Congruity of the members or elements or parts. homogeneous Made up of similar parts or elements. homologous Identical in nature, make-up, or relation. homonym A word agreeing in sound with but different in meaning from another. homophone A word agreeing in sound with but different in meaning from another. honorarium A token fee or payment to a professional man for services. hoodwink To deceive. horde A gathered multitude of human beings. hosiery A stocking. hospitable Disposed to treat strangers or guests with generous kindness. hospitality The practice of receiving and entertaining strangers and guests with kindness. hostility Enmity. huckster One who retails small wares. humane Compassionate. humanitarian A philanthropist. humanize To make gentle or refined. humbug Anything intended or calculated to deceive or mislead. humiliate To put to shame. hussar A light-horse trooper armed with saber and carbine. hustle To move with haste and promptness. hybrid Cross-bred. hydra The seven- or nine-headed water-serpent slain by Hercules. hydraulic Involving the moving of water, of the force exerted by water in motion. hydrodynamics The branch of mechanics that treats of the dynamics of fluids. hydroelectric Pertaining to electricity developed water or steam. hydromechanics The mechanics of fluids. hydrometer An instrument for determining the density of solids and liquids by flotation. hydrostatics The branch of science that treats of the pressure and equilibrium of fluids. hydrous Watery. hygiene The branch of medical science that relates to improving health. hypercritical Faultfinding. hypnosis An artificial trance-sleep. hypnotic Tending to produce sleep. hypnotism An artificially induced somnambulistic state in which the mind readily acts on suggestion. hypnotize To produce a somnambulistic state in which the mind readily acts on suggestions. hypocrisy Extreme insincerity. hypocrite One who makes false professions of his views or beliefs. hypodermic Pertaining to the area under the skin. hypotenuse The side of a right-angled triangle opposite the right angle. hypothesis A proposition taken for granted as a premise from which to reach a conclusion. hysteria A nervous affection occurring typically in paroxysms of laughing and crying. ichthyic Fish-like. ichthyology The branch of zoology that treats of fishes. ichthyosaurs A fossil reptile. icily Frigidly. iciness The state of being icy. icon An image or likeness. iconoclast An image-breaker. idealize To make to conform to some mental or imaginary standard. idiom A use of words peculiar to a particular language. idiosyncrasy A mental quality or habit peculiar to an individual. idolize To regard with inordinate love or admiration. ignoble Low in character or purpose. ignominious Shameful. Iliad A Greek epic poem describing scenes from the siege of Troy. illegal Not according to law. illegible Undecipherable. illegitimate Unlawfully begotten. illiberal Stingy. illicit Unlawful. illimitable Boundless. illiterate Having little or no book-learning. ill-natured Surly. illogical Contrary to the rules of sound thought. illuminant That which may be used to produce light. illuminate To supply with light. illumine To make bright or clear. illusion An unreal image presented to the senses. illusive Deceptive. illusory Deceiving or tending to deceive, as by false appearance. imaginable That can be imagined or conceived in the mind. imaginary Fancied. imbibe To drink or take in. imbroglio A misunderstanding attended by ill feeling, perplexity, or strife. imbrue To wet or moisten. imitation That which is made as a likeness or copy. imitator One who makes in imitation. immaculate Without spot or blemish. immaterial Of no essential consequence. immature Not full-grown. immeasurable Indefinitely extensive. immense Very great in degree, extent, size, or quantity. immerse To plunge or dip entirely under water or other fluid. immersion The act of plunging or dipping entirely under water or another fluid. immigrant A foreigner who enters a country to settle there. immigrate To come into a country or region from a former habitat. imminence Impending evil or danger. imminent Dangerous and close at hand. immiscible Separating, as oil and water. immoral Habitually engaged in licentious or lewd practices. immortalize To cause to last or to be known or remembered throughout a great or indefinite length of time. immovable Steadfast. immune Exempt, as from disease. immutable Unchangeable. impair To cause to become less or worse. impalpable Imperceptible to the touch. impartial Unbiased. impassable That can not be passed through or over. impassible Not moved or affected by feeling. impassive Unmoved by or not exhibiting feeling. impatience Unwillingness to brook delays or wait the natural course of things. impeccable Blameless. impecunious Having no money. impede To be an obstacle or to place obstacles in the way of. impel To drive or urge forward. impend To be imminent. imperative Obligatory. imperceptible Indiscernible. imperfectible That can not be perfected. imperil To endanger. imperious Insisting on obedience. impermissible Not permissible. impersonal Not relating to a particular person or thing. impersonate To appear or act in the character of. impersuadable Unyielding. impertinence Rudeness. imperturbable Calm. impervious Impenetrable. impetuosity Rashness. impetuous Impulsive. impetus Any impulse or incentive. impiety Irreverence toward God. impious Characterized by irreverence or irreligion. implausible Not plausible. impliable Capable of being inferred. implicate To show or prove to be involved in or concerned implicit Implied. imply To signify. impolitic Inexpedient. importation The act or practice of bringing from one country into another. importunate Urgent in character, request, or demand. importune To harass with persistent demands or entreaties. impotent Destitute of or lacking in power, physical, moral, or intellectual. impoverish To make indigent or poor. impracticable Not feasible. impregnable That can not be taken by assault. impregnate To make pregnant. impromptu Anything done or said on the impulse of the moment. improper Not appropriate, suitable, or becoming. impropriety The state or quality of being unfit, unseemly, or inappropriate. improvident Lacking foresight or thrift. improvise To do anything extemporaneously or offhand. imprudent Heedless. impudence Insolent disrespect. impugn To assail with arguments, insinuations, or accusations. impulsion Impetus. impulsive Unpremeditated. impunity Freedom from punishment. impure Tainted. impute To attribute. inaccessible Difficult of approach. inaccurate Not exactly according to the facts. inactive Inert. inadequate Insufficient. inadmissible Not to be approved, considered, or allowed, as testimony. inadvertent Accidental. inadvisable Unadvisable. inane Silly. inanimate Destitute of animal life. inapprehensible Not to be understood. inapt Awkward or slow. inarticulate Speechless. inaudible That can not be heard. inborn Implanted by nature. inbred Innate. incandescence The state of being white or glowing with heat. incandescent White or glowing with heat. incapacitate To deprive of power, capacity, competency, or qualification. incapacity Want of power to apprehend, understand, and manage. incarcerate To imprison. incendiary Chemical or person who starts a fire-literally or figuratively. incentive That which moves the mind or inflames the passions. inception The beginning. inceptive Beginning. incessant Unceasing. inchmeal Piecemeal. inchoate Incipient. inchoative That which begins, or expresses beginning. incidence Casual occurrence. incident A happening in general, especially one of little importance. incidentally Without intention. incinerate To reduce to ashes. incipience Beginning. incipient Initial. incisor A front or cutting tooth. incite To rouse to a particular action. incitement That which moves to action, or serves as an incentive or stimulus. incoercible Incapable of being forced, constrained, or compelled. incoherence Want of connection, or agreement, as of parts or ideas in thought, speech, etc. incoherent Not logically coordinated, as to parts, elements, or details. incombustible That can not be burned. incomparable Matchless. incompatible Discordant. incompetence General lack of capacity or fitness. incompetent Not having the abilities desired or necessary for any purpose. incomplete Lacking some element, part, or adjunct necessary or required. incomprehensible Not understandable. incompressible Resisting all attempts to reduce volume by pressure. inconceivable Incomprehensible. incongruous Unsuitable for the time, place, or occasion. inconsequential Valueless. inconsiderable Small in quantity or importance. inconsistent Contradictory. inconstant Changeable. incontrovertible Indisputable. inconvenient Interfering with comfort or progress. indefensible Untenable. indefinitely In a vague or uncertain way. indelible That can not be blotted out, effaced, destroyed, or removed. indescribable That can not be described. indestructible That can not be destroyed. indicant That which points out. indicator One who or that which points out. indict To find and declare chargeable with crime. indigence Poverty. indigenous Native. indigent Poor. indigestible Not digestible, or difficult to digest. indigestion Difficulty or failure in the alimentary canal in changing food into absorptive nutriment. indignant Having such anger and scorn as is aroused by meanness or wickedness. indignity Unmerited contemptuous conduct or treatment. indiscernible Not perceptible. indiscreet Lacking wise judgment. indiscriminate Promiscuous. indispensable Necessary or requisite for the purpose. indistinct Vague. indivertible That can not be turned aside. indivisible Not separable into parts. indolence Laziness. indolent Habitually inactive or idle. indomitable Unconquerable. induct To bring in. indulgence The yielding to inclination, passion, desire, or propensity in oneself or another. indulgent Yielding to the desires or humor of oneself or those under one's care. inebriate To intoxicate. inedible Not good for food. ineffable Unutterable. inefficient Not accomplishing an intended purpose. inefficiency That which does not accomplish an intended purpose. ineligible Not suitable to be selected or chosen. inept Not fit or suitable. inert Inanimate. inestimable Above price. inevitable Unavoidable. inexcusable Not to be justified. inexhaustible So large or furnishing so great a supply as not to be emptied, wasted, or spent. inexorable Unrelenting. inexpedient Unadvisable. inexpensive Low-priced. inexperience Lack of or deficiency in experience. inexplicable Such as can not be made plain. inexpressible Unutterable. inextensible Of unchangeable length or area. infallible Exempt from error of judgment, as in opinion or statement. infamous Publicly branded or notorious, as for vice, or crime. infamy Total loss or destitution of honor or reputation. inference The derivation of a judgment from any given material of knowledge on the ground of law. infernal Akin to or befitting hell or its occupants. infest To be present in such numbers as to be a source of annoyance, trouble, or danger. infidel One who denies the existence of God. infidelity Disloyalty. infinite Measureless. infinity Boundless or immeasurable extension or duration. infirm Lacking in bodily or mental strength. infirmary A place for the reception or treatment of the sick. infirmity A physical, mental, or moral weakness or flaw. inflammable Easily set on fire or excited. inflammation A morbid process in some part of the body characterized by heat, swelling, and pain. inflexible That can not be altered or varied. influence Ability to sway the will of another. influential Having the power to sway the will of another. influx Infusion. infrequence Rareness. infrequent Uncommon. infringe To trespass upon. infuse To instill, introduce, or inculcate, as principles or qualities. infusion The act of imbuing, or pouring in. ingenious Evincing skill, originality, or cleverness, as in contrivance or arrangement. ingenuity Cleverness in contriving, combining, or originating. ingenuous Candid, frank, or open in character or quality. inglorious Shameful. ingraft To set or implant deeply and firmly. ingratiate To win confidence or good graces for oneself. ingratitude Insensibility to kindness. ingredient Component. inherence The state of being permanently existing in something. inherent Intrinsic. inhibit To hold back or in. inhospitable Not disposed to entertain strangers gratuitously. inhuman Savage. inhume To place in the earth, as a dead body. inimical Adverse. iniquity Gross wrong or injustice. initiate To perform the first act or rite. inject To introduce, as a fluid, by injection. injunction Mandate. inkling A hint. inland Remote from the sea. inlet A small body of water leading into a larger. inmost Deepest within. innocuous Harmless. innovate To introduce or strive to introduce new things. innuendo Insinuation. innumerable Countless. inoffensive Causing nothing displeasing or disturbing. inopportune Unsuitable or inconvenient, especially as to time. inquire To ask information about. inquisition A court or tribunal for examination and punishment of heretics. inquisitive Given to questioning, especially out of curiosity. inquisitor One who makes an investigation. inroad Forcible encroachment or trespass. insatiable That desires or craves immoderately or unappeasably. inscribe To enter in a book, or on a list, roll, or document, by writing. inscrutable Impenetrably mysterious or profound. insecure Not assured of safety. insensible Imperceptible. insentient Lacking the power of feeling or perceiving. inseparable That can not be separated. insidious Working ill by slow and stealthy means. insight Intellectual discernment. insignificance Lack of import or of importance. insignificant Without importance, force, or influence. insinuate To imply. insipid Tasteless. insistence Urgency. insistent Urgent. insolence Pride or haughtiness exhibited in contemptuous and overbearing treatment of others. insolent Impudent. insomnia Sleeplessness. inspector An official appointed to examine or oversee any matter of public interest or importance. instance A single occurrence or happening of a given kind. instant A very brief portion of time. instantaneous Done without perceptible lapse of time. instigate To provoke. instigator One who incites to evil. instill To infuse. instructive Conveying knowledge. insufficiency Inadequacy. insufficient Inadequate for some need, purpose, or use. insular Pertaining to an island. insulate To place in a detached state or situation. insuperable Invincible. insuppressible Incapable of being concealed. insurgence Uprising. insurgent One who takes part in forcible opposition to the constituted authorities of a place. insurrection The state of being in active resistance to authority. intangible Not perceptible to the touch. integrity Uprightness of character and soundness of moral principle. intellect The faculty of perception or thought. intellectual Characterized by intelligence. intelligence Capacity to know or understand. intelligible Comprehensible. intemperance Immoderate action or indulgence, as of the appetites. intension The act of stringing or stretching, or state of being strained. intensive Adding emphasis or force. intention That upon which the mind is set. interact To act reciprocally. intercede To mediate between persons. intercept To interrupt the course of. intercession Entreaty in behalf of others. intercessor A mediator. interdict Authoritative act of prohibition. interim Time between acts or periods. interlocutor One who takes part in a conversation or oral discussion. interlude An action or event considered as coming between others of greater length. intermediate Being in a middle place or degree or between extremes. interminable Having no limit or end. intermission A recess. intermit To cause to cease temporarily. intermittent A temporary discontinuance. interpolation Verbal interference. interpose To come between other things or persons. interposition A coming between. interpreter A person who makes intelligible the speech of a foreigner by oral translation. interrogate To examine formally by questioning. interrogative Having the nature or form of a question. interrogatory A question or inquiry. interrupt To stop while in progress. intersect To cut through or into so as to divide. intervale A low tract of land between hills, especially along a river. intervene To interfere for some end. intestacy The condition resulting from one's dying not having made a valid will. intestate Not having made a valid will. intestine That part of the digestive tube below or behind the stomach, extending to the anus. intimacy Close or confidential friendship. intimidate To cause to become frightened. intolerable Insufferable. intolerance Inability or unwillingness to bear or endure. intolerant Bigoted. intoxicant Anything that unduly exhilarates or excites. intoxicate To make drunk. intracellular Occurring or situated within a cell. intramural Situated within the walls of a city. intrepid Fearless and bold. intricacy Perplexity. intricate Difficult to follow or understand. intrigue A plot or scheme, usually complicated and intended to accomplish something by secret ways. intrinsic Inherent. introductory Preliminary. introgression Entrance. intromit To insert. introspect To look into. introspection The act of observing and analyzing one's own thoughts and feelings. introversion The act of turning or directing inward, physically or mentally. introvert To turn within. intrude To come in without leave or license. intrusion The act of entering without warrant or invitation; encroachment. intuition Instinctive knowledge or feeling. inundate To fill with an overflowing abundance. inundation Flood. inure To harden or toughen by use, exercise, or exposure. invalid Having no force, weight, or cogency. invalid One who is disabled by illness or injury. invalidate To render of no force or effect. invaluable Exceedingly precious. invariable Unchangeable. invasion Encroachment, as by an act of intrusion or trespass. invective An utterance intended to cast censure, or reproach. inveigh To utter vehement censure or invective. inventive Quick at contrivance. inverse Contrary in tendency or direction. inversion Change of order so that the first shall become last and the last first. invert To turn inside out, upside down, or in opposite direction. investigator One who investigates. investor One who invests money. inveterate Habitual. invidious Showing or feeling envy. invigorate To animate. invincible Not to be conquered, subdued, or overcome. inviolable Incapable of being injured or disturbed. invoke To call on for assistance or protection. involuntary Unwilling. involution Complication. involve To draw into entanglement, literally or figuratively. invulnerable That can not be wounded or hurt. inwardly With no outward manifestation. iota A small or insignificant mark or part. irascible Prone to anger. irate Moved to anger. ire Wrath. iridescence A many-colored appearance. iridescent Exhibiting changing rainbow-colors due to the interference of the light. irk To afflict with pain, vexation, or fatigue. irksome Wearisome. irony Censure or ridicule under cover of praise or compliment. irradiance Luster. irradiate To render clear and intelligible. irrational Not possessed of reasoning powers or understanding. irreducible That can not be lessened. irrefragable That can not be refuted or disproved. irrefrangible That can not be broken or violated. irrelevant Inapplicable. irreligious Indifferent or opposed to religion. irreparable That can not be rectified or made amends for. irrepressible That can not be restrained or kept down. irresistible That can not be successfully withstood or opposed. irresponsible Careless of or unable to meet responsibilities. irreverence The quality showing or expressing a deficiency of veneration, especially for sacred things. irreverent Showing or expressing a deficiency of veneration, especially for sacred things. irreverential Showing or expressing a deficiency of veneration, especially for sacred things. irreversible Irrevocable. irrigant Serving to water lands by artificial means. irrigate To water, as land, by ditches or other artificial means. irritable Showing impatience or ill temper on little provocation. irritancy The quality of producing vexation. irritant A mechanical, chemical, or pathological agent of inflammation, pain, or tension. irritate To excite ill temper or impatience in. irruption Sudden invasion. isle An island. islet A little island. isobar A line joining points at which the barometric pressure is the same at a specified moment. isochronous Relating to or denoting equal intervals of time. isolate To separate from others of its kind. isothermal Having or marking equality of temperature. itinerant Wandering. itinerary A detailed account or diary of a journey. itinerate To wander from place to place. jargon Confused, unintelligible speech or highly technical speech. jaundice A morbid condition, due to obstructed excretion of bile or characterized by yellowing of the skin. jeopardize To imperil. Jingo One of a party in Great Britain in favor of spirited and demonstrative foreign policy. jocose Done or made in jest. jocular Incli