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abase lower; degrade; humiliate; make humble; make (oneself) lose self-respect n abash embarrass n abate subside or moderate abbreviate shorten abdicate renounce; give up (position, right, or responsibility) aberrant abnormal or deviant aberration deviation from the normal; mental disorder n abet assist usually in doing something wrong; encourage n abeyance suspended action abhor detest; hate abject (of a condition) wretched; as low as possible; lacking pride; very humble; showing lack of self-respect; Ex. abject apology abjure renounce upon oath ablution washing abnegation renunciation; self-sacrifice; self-abnegation abolish cancel; put an end to abominate loathe; hate abominable detestable; extremely unpleasant aboriginal being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native; indigenous; N. aborigine abortive unsuccessful; fruitless abrasive rubbing away; tending to grind down abridge condense or shorten abrogate abolish n abscission cutting off; separation abscond depart secretly and hide absolute complete; totally unlimited; having complete power; certain; not relative; Ex. absolute honesty/ruler; CF. absolutism absolve pardon (an offense) abstain refrain; withhold from participation; intentionally not use one's vote; ±â±ÇÇÏ´Ù abstemious sparing in eating and drinking; temperate abstinence restraint from pleasant things, esp. eating or drinking; CF. abstention: act of abstaining from vote abstract theoretical; not concrete; nonrepresentational abstruse obscure; profound; difficult to understand abusive coarsely insulting; physically harmful n abut border upon; adjoin abysmal bottomless abyss enormous chasm; vast bottomless pit academic related to a school; not practical or directly useful accede agree accelerate move faster accessible easy to approach; obtainable accessory additional object; useful but not essential thing acclaim applaud; praise; greet with great approval; announce with great approval; Ex. The new drung has been acclaimed as the most important discoveries for years; N: strong expression of approval and praise acclimate adjust to climate or environment; adapt n acclivity sharp upslope of a hill; OP. declivity accolade award of merit; strong praise and approval accommodate oblige or help someone; adjust or bring into harmony; adapt; make enough space for; ADJ. accommodative; CF. accomodating: helpful and obliging accomplice partner in crime accord agreement accost approach and speak first to a person n accoutre equip; N. accoutrement accretion growth or increase in size by gradual addition; growth; increase; increase by natural growth; Ex. towers and other accretions of the castle; V. accrete accrue come to one as a gain; accumulate over time; come about by addition; Ex. benefits that accrue from scientific research; Ex. interest accruing in a bank account; N. accrual n acerbity bitterness of speech and temper; ADJ. acerbic: bitter; acrid (in taste, manner, or tone) n acetic vinegary n acidulous slightly sour (in taste or manner); sharp; caustic acknowledge recognize; admit n acme peak; pinnacle; highest point acoustics science of sound; quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in acquiesce assent; agree passively; comply without protest acquittal deliverance from a charge; V. acquit: free from a charge or accusation; discharge from a duty; conduct (oneself) in a specified manner n acrid bitter (to the taste or smell); sharp; bitterly pungent n acrimonious stinging; caustic; bitter in words or manner; N. acrimony: bitter ill-natured animosity in speech or behavior acrophobia fear of heights actuarial calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics actuary someone who advises insurance companies n actuate motivate; activate; cause to act acuity sharpness (of mind or senses of sight or hearing) acumen mental keenness; sharpness of judgment; ability to judge quickly and well; Ex. business acumen acute (of the senses) sharp; quickly perceptive; keen; penetrating; brief and severe; Ex. acute sense of smell/analysis/pain n adage wise saying; proverb s proverb adage; someone or something well known for notoriety; ADJ. proverbial: of a proverb; widely known; ADV. proverbially adamant hard; inflexible adapt make or become suitable for a specific use; alter; modify; adjust; N. adaptation: act of adapting; composition recast into a new form; Ex. The play is an adaption of a short novel. n addendum addition; appendix to book; something that is added (as at the end of a speech or book) addiction compulsive habitual need n addle make or become confused; muddle; drive crazy; become rotten (egg) address direct a speech to; speak to; deal with or discuss; direct one's efforts or attention to; make with a destination; N: formal speech adept expert at; very skilled adhere stick fast; be a devotd follower; N. adhesion: adhering; devotion; loyality adherent supporter; follower adjacent adjoining; neighboring; close by adjunct something attached to but holding an inferior position adjuration solemn urging; V. adjure: entreat earnestly; enjoin solemnly n adjutant staff officer assisting the commander; assistant admonish warn or speak to with gentle disapproval; reprove adorn decorate adroit skillful (in using mind or hand) adulation flattery; admiration that is more than is necessary or deserved adulterate make impure or of poorer quality by adding inferior or tainted(contaminated) substances advent arrival adventitious accidental; casual; happening by chance adversary opponent; enemy adverse going against; opposing; unfavorable; hostile adversity great hardship or affliction; misfortune; calamitous event n advert refer advocacy support; active pleading on behalf of someone or something advocate speak in favor of; support (an idea or plan); urge; plead for n aegis shield; protection; defense n aerie(aery,eyrie,eyry) nest of a large bird of prey aesthetic artistic; dealing with or capable of appreciating the beautiful (of a person or building); CF. aesthete; CF. aesthetics affable easily approachable; easy to talk to; warmly friendly affected artificial; pretended affidavit written statement made under oath (for use as proof in a court of law) affiliation joining; associating with affinity feeling of kinship; similarity; Ex. strong affinity for her; Ex. many affinities between two languages affirmation positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath; V. affirm; ADJ. affirmative; CF. affirmative action: positive discrimination affliction state of distress; trial; cause of distress or suffering; V. afflict: inflict grievous suffering on affluence abundance; wealth affront insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect; V: insult or hurt the feelings of intentionally n agape openmouthed n agenda items of business at a meeting n agglomeration collection; heap; V. agglomerate: gather into a rounded mass; N. aggolmeate: jumbled mass; heap aggrandize make greater; increase in power, wealth, rank, or honor; N. aggrandizement aggregate sum; total; ADJ. V: gather into a mass or whole; accumulate; add up to; Ex. aggregate 100 dollars aghast filled with great surprise or fear; horrified agility nimbleness; ability to move quickly agitate stir up; disturb agnostic one who is skeptical of the existence or knowability of a god or any ultimate reality n agog highly excited; intensely curious agrarian pertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian reform alacrity cheerful promptness without reluctance alchemy medieval chemistry n alcove nook; recess alias an assumed name esp. by a criminal (usually to mislead people); ADV. alias alienate make unfriendly or hostile; estrange; separate; change the ownership of alimentary supplying nourishment n alimony payments made regularly to an ex-spouse after divorce allay calm; pacify allege state without proof allegiance loyalty n allegory story, play, or picture in which characters are used as symbols; fable alleviate relieve (pain) alliteration repetition of beginning sound in poetry allocate assign; set apart for a particular purpose alloy mixture as of metals; something added that lowers in value or purity; V: mix; make less pure; lower in value or quality; spoil; CF. unalloyed: not in mixture with other maetals; pure; complete; unqualified; Ex. unalloyed happiness allude refer indirectly; N. allusion: indirect reference allure entice; attract; tempt s siren apparatus for making sounds; womanlike creature alluvial pertaining to soil deposits left by running water n aloof apart; not open in one's relationship with other people; reserved; ADV. n aloft upward; high up in the air altercation noisy quarrel altruistic unselfishly generous; concerned for others; N. altiruism: unselfish concern for the welfare of others; unselfishness; OP. egoism n amalgamate (of societies or groups) combine; unite in one body n amalgam combination of different things; mixture of metals (containing mercury) used for filling holes in teeth n amass collect (gradually, in a very large amount) amazon female warrior ambidextrous capable of using either hand with equal ease ambience environment; atmosphere; Ex. restraurant with a pleasant ambience; ADJ. ambient: completely surrounding; Ex. ambient temperature ambiguous unclear or doubtful in meaning; having more than one possible interpretation ambivalence the state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes or opinions amble walking at an easy unhurried pace; V: walk slowly and aimlessly n ambrosia food of the gods s nectar drink of the gods; sweet liquid collected by bees ambulatory able to walk ameliorate improve amenable obedient; compliant; readily managed; responsive; willing to be led; answerable or accountable legally; responsible; able to be tested by; Ex. amenable to sensible suggestions; Ex. He is very amenable; Ex. amenable to the usual tests amend correct; change ; generally for the better amenities convenient features that helps to make life pleasant; social courtesies amiable agreeable; lovable; warmly friendly amicable peaceful; politely friendly; not quarrelsome; Ex. amicable settlement n amiss wrong; faulty; Ex. something amiss; ADV. amity friendship; peaceful relationship as between nations amnesia loss of memory amnesty pardon (allowed by government to political criminals) amoral nonmoral; having no understanding of right and wrong amorous moved by sexual love; loving; of sexual love; Ex. amorous advances amorphous formless; lacking shape or definition amphibian able to live both on land and in water; N. amphitheater oval building with tiers of seats; CF. arena n ample enough; abundant; spacious; large in size; Ex. ample opportunity/garden; N. amplitude: quality of being ample; abundance; largeness of space amplify increase in size or effect; expand; broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make stronger; Ex. amplify one's remarks with a graph n amputate cut off part of body; prune (a limb) n amok(amuck) in a state of rage; Ex. run amok n amulet charm; talisman; an object worn believed to protect against evil, bad luck anachronism an error involving time in a story; something or someone misplaced in time; ADJ. anachronistic n analgesic causing insensitivity to pain; N. s analgesia condition of being unable to feel pain analogous comparable; similar analogy similarity; parallelism; comparing two similar things anarchist person who seeks to overturn the established government; advocate of abolishing authority anarchy absence of governing body; state of disorder n anathema solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse; V. anathematize ancestry family descent; ADJ. ancestral anchor secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; N. anchorage ancillary serving as an aid or accessory; auxiliary; N. anecdote short story of an amusing or interesting event anemia condition in which blood lacks red corpuscles; ADJ. anemic anesthetic substance that removes sensation with or without loss of consciousness; N. anesthesia anguish acute pain; extreme suffering angular sharp-cornered; having an angle; not rounded (body); bony; lean; gaunt; stiff in manner animadversion critical remark; V. animadvert: comment critically with disapproval animated lively; spirited animosity active enmity n animus hostile feeling or intent; animosity; hostility; disposition annals records arranged in yearly parts; history anneal reduce brittleness and improve toughness by heating and cooling (metal or glass) annex attach; add to a large thing; take possession of; incorporate (territory) into a larger existing political unit (by force); N: building added to a large one annihilate destroy annotate comment; make explanatory notes annuity yearly allowance annul make void s elope run away secretly with the intention of getting married n anodyne drug that relieves pain or trouble; ÁøÅëÁ¦; opiate; ADJ. Ex. anodyne statement anoint consecrate; put oil on (in a religious ceremony) anomalous abnormal; irregular anomaly irregularity anonymity state of being nameless; anonymousness; ADJ. anonymous antagonism hostility; active opposition; V. antagonize: cause to become an enemy; N. antagonist: person who is opposed to another; opponent; adversary; principal character in oppostion to the protagonist antecede precede antecedents preceding events that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background antediluvian antiquated; extremely ancient n anthem song of praise or patriotism; Ex. national anthem n anthology book of literary selections by various authors; CF. omnibus anthropoid manlike; resembling a human being; N. anthropologist student of the history and science of humankind anthropomorphic having human form or characteristics anticlimax letdown in thought or emotion; something unexciting, ordinary, or disappointing coming after something important or exciting antidote remedy to counteract a poison or disease; Ex. antidote to the economic troubles antipathy aversion; dislike or opposition n antiquated obsolete; old-fashioned; outdated antiseptic substance that prevents infection in a wound; ADJ. antithesis contrast; direct opposite of or to; ADJ. antithetic or antithetical n anvil iron block used in hammering out metals apathy lack of caring; indifference; lack of concern or interest in important matters; Ex. He was sunk in apathy after his failure; ADJ. apathetic n ape imitate or mimic (a person's behavior or manner) n aperture opening; hole; adjustable opening in a camera that limits the amount of light n apex tip; summit; climax; highest point aphasia loss of speech due to injury or illness aphorism pithy maxim or saying; ADJ. aphoristic n apiary a place where bees are kept s hive box for bees; V: cause to go in a hive s apiculture bee-keeping s apiarist person who keeps bees n aplomb poise; composure in difficult situations; assurance; self-confidence s poise good judgment with composure; balance; V: place in a carefully balanced position apocalyptic prophetic; pertaining to revelations especially of disaster; N. apocalypse n apocryphal (of a story) widely believed but untrue apogee highest point; the point farthest from the earth; OP. perigee n apolitical having an aversion or lack of concern for political affairs n apologist one who writes in defense of a cause or institution; N. apologia n apoplexy stroke; loss of consciousness caused by too much blood in the brain n apostate one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs; N. apostasy n apothecary druggist; pharmacist n apothegm(apophthegm) pithy, compact saying n apotheosis elevation to godhood; an ideal example of something appall dismay; shock deeply apparition ghost; phantom appease pacify or soothe; Ex. appease a crying baby; N. appeasement n appellation name; title append attach n application diligent attention; diligence; V. apply oneself apposite appropriate; fitting appraise estimate value of; N. appraisal appreciate be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of; ADJ. appreciable: enough to be felt; Ex. appreciable difference apprehend arrest (a criminal); dread; perceive; N. apprehension n apprehensive fearful; discerning apprise inform approbation approval appropriate acquire; take possession of for one's own use without permission; set aside for a particular purpose; allocate; CF. misappropriate n appurtenances subordinate possessions; something added to a more important thing n apropos with reference to; regarding; Ex. remarks apropos (of) the present situation; ADJ. ADV. aptitude fitness; talent n aquiline curved; hooked; of or like an eagle; Ex. aquiline nose n arable fit for growing crops; Ex. arable land arbiter person with power to decide a matter in dispute; judge who is in a position ot make influential judgments; Ex. supreme arbiter of fashion in beachware arbitrary unreasonable or capricious; random; tyrannical; Ex. arbitrary ruler arbitrate act as judge (at the request of both sides) n arboretum place where different trees and shrubs are studied and exhibited s arboreal of or living in trees arcade a covered passageway usually lined with shops arcane esoteric; secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated; Ex. arcane ritual; Ex. arcane process closed to the uninitiated listener archaeology study of artifacts and relics of early mankind n archaic antiquated; no longer used; belonging to the past; N. n archetype prototype; primitive pattern arch- chief; first; Ex. archbishop n archipelago group of closely located islands n archives public records; place where public records are kept ardor heat; passion; zeal; ADJ. ardent n arduous hard; strenuous; Ex. arduous work n argot slang; speech spoken by only a small group of people aria operatic solo; a song sung by one person in an opera or oratorio n arid (of land) dry; barren; unproductive aristocracy hereditary nobility; privileged class; government by nobility; N. aristocrat armada fleet of warships aromatic fragrant; having a sweet smell; N. aroma: strong pleasant smell arraign charge in court; indict n array marshal; draw up in order; arrange in order; clothe splendidly; adorn; N: fine clothes; ordered group; Ex. in battle array arrears being in debt; money that should have been paid; work that should have been done n arrhythmic lacking rhythm or regularity; N. arrhythmia arrogance pride; haughtiness; ADJ. arrogant: unpleasantly self-important (with a strong confidence in one's own importance and a lack of respect for other people) n arroyo gully; narrow channel formed by rainwater s artery blood-vessel; CF. vein articulate effective; distinct; expressing ideas clearly; having clear sounds; having joints; Ex. articulate speech; V: express thoughts and feeling clearly; pronounce clearly; unite by joints arsenal storage place for military equipment artifacts object made by human beings, either hand-made or mass-produced n artifice deception; trickery artisan a manually skilled worker n artless without guile; open and honest ascendancy controlling influence; position of controlling influence; CF. in the ascendant ascertain find out for certain; make certain ascetic practicing self-denial; avoiding physical pleasures and comforts; austere; Ex. ascetic life of Buddhist monks; N. asceticism ascribe refer; attribute; assign aseptic preventing infection; having a cleansing effect n ashen ash-colored; deadly pale n asinine stupid; Ex. asinine remarks n askance with a sideways or indirect look (with disapproval or distruct); Ex. look askance at n askew crookedly; slanted; at an angle asperity sharpness; roughness; severity (of temper or weather); Ex. asperities of a Russian winter aspersion slanderous remark; Ex. cast aspersions on aspirant seeker after position or status aspire seek to attain (position or status); long for; Ex. aspire to become president; Ex. aspire to/after the leadership assail assault n assay analyze (to discover what materials are present); evaluate (soil or ore) assent agree; accept; N. assessment n assert state strongly or positively; demand recognition of (rights, claims, etc.); make a claim to (by forceful action); Ex. assert one's independence assiduous diligent assimilate absorb; take (food) into the body and digest it; understand (knowledge) completely and be able to use properly; cause to become homogeneous (the people of a country or race in the wasy of behaving or thinking) assuage mak less severe; ease or lessen (pain); satisfy (hunger); soothe (anger) assumption something taken for granted; the taking over or taking possession of; Ex. her assumption of power; V. assume s regent a person who governs in place of a ruler who is ill, absent, or still a child; ADJ. Ex. the Prince regent assurance firm statement that something is certainly true; promise or pledge; certainty; confidence in one's own ability; self-confidence; Ex. In spite of all his assurances, he did not come back; Ex. assurance of his loyalty; Ex. The teacher lacked assurance in fron of his class; V. assure; tell firmly with confidence; ensure; make (something) certain to heappen; make (someone) feel sure; give confidence to; ADJ. assured: self-assured; confident in one's own ability; showing certainty asteroid small planet n astigmatism eye defect which prevents proper focus; OP. stigmatism n astral relating to the stars astringent binding; causing contraction (stopping bleeding); harsh or severe; stringent; Ex. astringent criticism astronomical enormously large or extensive astute wise; shrewd; keen; seeing quickly something that is to one's advantage n asunder into parts; apart; V. sunder asylum place of refuge or shelter; protection (religious or political) asymmetric not identical on both sides of a dividing central line n atavism resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; reversion to an earlier type; throwback; ADJ. atavistic atheistic denying the existence of God; N. atheism atone make amends for; pay for; Ex. atone for atrocity brutal deed; ADJ. atrocious atrophy wasting away; V: weaken and lose flesh and muscle (through lack of blood or lack of use) attentive alert and watchful; listening carefully; paying attention; considerate; thoughtful; politely helpful; Ex. attentive audience; Ex. He was attentive to the old lady; N. attentions: act of courtesy and consideration attenuate make thin; weaken attest testify; bear witness attribute essential quality; V: ascribe; explain attrition rubbing away by friction; gradual decrease in numbers or strength; reduction in the work force without firing employees; wearing away of opposition by means of harassment; Ex. a war of attrition n atypical not normal; not typical audacious daring; bold; N. audacity audit examination of accounts of a business; official examination; V. augment increase; add to n augury omen; prophecy; sign of coming events; V. augur: predict; foretell; be a sign of (something in future) august impressive; majestic n aureole sun's corona; halo; bright circle of light n auroral pertaining to the aurora borealis; CF. aurora australis auspicious favoring success; giving signs of future success; Cf. auspices austere forbiddingly stern; ascetic; without comfort or enjoyment; severely simple and unornamented; Ex. a monk's austere life; Ex. austere grandeur of the cathedral; N. austerity authenticate prove genuine authoritarian subordinating the individual to the state; completely dominating another's will; Ex. authoritarian regime/father authoritative having the weight of authority; regarded as providing knowledge that can be trusted; reliable; peremptory and dictatorial; Ex. authoritative dictionary/manner; CF. definitive autocratic having absolute unchecked power; dictatorial; N. autocrat, autocracy automaton mechanism that imitates actions of humans; machine that works by itself autonomous self-governing; N. autonomy autopsy examination of a dead body; postmortem; V. auxiliary offering or providing help; additional or subsidiary; N: helper; assistant avalanche great mass of falling snow and ice avarice greediness for wealth avenge take vengence for something or on behalf of someone; Ex. They avenged his death by burning the village; Ex. He swore to avenge his brother; Ex. They avenged themselves on their enemy. aver state confidently; declare as true averse reluctant; disinclined; not liking or opposed; Ex. averse to cats/doing the house work aversion firm dislike avert prevent; avoid; turn away (eyes or thought); Ex. An accident was averted by his quick thinking; Ex. She averted her eyes from the terrible sight. aviary enclosure for birds; large cage n avid greedy; extremely eager for; Ex. avid learner; N. avidity avocation secondary or minor occupation avow declare openly; N. avowal avuncular of or like an uncle awe solemn wonder; feeling of respect mixed with wonder and fear; V: fill with awe; ADJ. awesome s awful terrible; very bad n awl pointed tool used for piercing n awry distorted; crooked; bent; Ex. Our plans have gone awry. axiom self-evident truth requiring no proof n azure sky blue n babble chatter idly or foolishly; make continuous sounds like water running gently over rounded stone; N. n bacchanalian drunken s bacchanal noisy party with a lot of drinking s Bacchanalia the ancient Roman festival in honor of Bacchus n badger pester; annoy continually with demands; persuade by asking again and again; Ex. The children badgered me into taking them into the cinema; N: a kind of mountain animal n badinage teasing conversation; banter; joking talk baffle frustrate; perplex n bait harass; tease; torment; Ex. badger baiting; N: food or other lure used to catch fish or trap animals n baleful evil; malignant in intent or effect; deadly; having a malign influence; portending evil; ominous; threatening; Ex. baleful look n balk stop short, as if faced with an obstacle, and refuse to continue; foil; stop or get in the way of; frustrate n ballast heavy substance used to add stability or weight; V. supply with ballast n balm something that relieves pain; oily liquid with a pleasant smell from trees s pang sudden sharp feeling of pain n balmy soft and mild (of air); fragrant banal hackneyed; commonplace; trite; lacking originality; clich\'ed n bandy discuss lightly or glibly; discuss in a frivolous manner; exchange (words) heatedly; quarrel; Ex. bandy words with bane posion; cause of ruin; ADJ. baneful: harmful; poisonous bantering joking talk; good-naturedly ridiculing; N.V. banter barb sharp projection from fishhook, arrow, or other object; openly cutting remark n bard poet n barefaced shameless and noticeable; blatant; bold; unconcealed; having no covering on the face; Ex. barefaced lie s unregenerate making no attempt to change one's bad practices n baroque highly ornate barrage barrier laid down by artillery fire; overwhelming profusion; large number of questions or statements; Ex. a barrage of criticism barrister counselor-at-law or lawyer in the higher court of law; CF. bar s solicitor lawyer in the lower court of law barterer trader; V. barter: trade; exchange good for other goods rather than money n bask luxuriate; take pleasure in warmth s luxuriate take pleasure in great comfort n bastion stronghold; something seen as a source of protection; Ex. the last bastion of male chauvinism n bate let down; lessen the force of; moderate; restrain; Ex. with bated breath; CF. abate n bauble trinket; cheap jewel; trifle n bawdy indecent; obscene; about sex in a rude funny way; CF. bawd n beatific giving or showing bliss; blissful s bliss complete happiness; ADJ. blissful n beatitude blessedness; state of great happiness s mystic of hidden meaning and spiritual power; Ex. mystic ceremonies; N. CF. mysticism n bedizen dress with vulgar finery s finery beautiful clothes for a special occasion n bedraggle wet thoroughly; ADJ. bedraggled: draggled n beeline direct quick route n befuddle confuse thoroughly s fuddle make stupid or confused as with alcholic drink; N. in a fuddle: confused beget father; become the father of; produce; give rise to n begrudge envy; give or allow unwillingly; grudge; Ex. We shouldn't begrudge him his success. s grudge deep feeling of dislike; Ex. grudge fight; V. n beguile deceive; mislead or delude; cheat; pass time pleasantly; charm or attract; Ex. beguiling smile n behemoth huge creature; something of monstrous size or power n beholden obligated; indebted; owing thanks; obliged or indebted from gratitude n behoove(behove) be suited to; be incumbent upon; be right and necessary; Ex. It behooves one to do. n belabor harp on; dwell on tediously; explain or go over excessively or to a ridiculous degree; assail verbally; beat severely; attack physically n belated delayed n beleaguer besiege or attack (with an army); harass; beset n belie contradict; give a false impression; disguise; Ex. The poor sales belied our high hopes; Ex. Her smile belies her true feeling of displeasure. belittle disparage; depreciate bellicose warlike belligerent quarrelsome n bemoan lament; moan for; express sorrow or disapproval of n bemused confused; lost in thought; preoccupied benediction blessing benefactor gift giver; patron; person who does good or who gives money for a good purpose beneficent kindly; doing good beneficial helpful; useful; advantageous beneficiary person entitled to benefits or proceeds of an insurance policy or will n benefit advantage; anything that brings helpl, advantage, or profit; money provided by the government to the people; fund-raising public entertainment; Ex. unemployment benefit; V: receive benefits; be beneficial to; give benefits benevolent generous; charitable; having a wish to do good benign kindly; favorable; not malignant (disease); Ex. benign tumor benison blessing bent determined; Ex. bent on advancing in the business; N: natural talent or inclination bequeath leave to someone by means of a will; hand down in his will; N. bequest n berate scold strongly n bereavement state of being deprived of something valuable or beloved; state of being bereaved or bereft n bereaved deprived of (someone beloved through death) n bereft deprived of (something valuable); lacking n berserk mad with violent anger; frenzied; madly excited beseech beg; plead with n beset harass or trouble from all directions; hem in s hem surround tightly so that movement is impossible; Ex. hem in; N. besiege surround with armed forces; harass (with requests); annoy continually n besmirch soil; defile; make dirty n bestial beastlike; brutal; inhuman; very cruel bestow confer n betoken signify; indicate; be a sign of s token outward sign; Ex. a token of our gratitude n betray be unfaithful; reveal (unconsciously or unwillingly); Ex. Her trembling hands betray her anxiety. n betroth become engaged to marry n bevy large group; Ex. a bevy of starlets bicameral two-chambered as a legislative body bicker quarrel biennial every two years n bifurcated divided into two branches; forked n bigotry stubborn intolerance s bigot one who is intolerant (in matters of religion or politics) s intolerant not willing to accept ways of thinking different from one's own; CF. tolerant; CF. tolerate n bilious suffering from indigestion; sick from having too much bile; irritable; easily irritated n bilk swindle; cheat n billowing swelling out in waves; surging s billow large wave of water; a great swell or surge (of smoke); V: surge, swell, roll in billows s swell long wave of water that moves continuously without breaking; V. s surge powerful movement of or like a wave; V. n bivouac temporary encampment; camp without tents; V. bizarre fantastic; violently contrasting; noticeably odd; strikingly unconventional n blanch bleach; whiten; make white or pale n bland soothing or mild (food); agreeable; causing no trouble or offence n blandishment flattery n blare loud or harsh roar or screech; dazzling blaze of light s screech unpleasant high sharp sound; shriek; V. s dazzle make blind with a sudden intense light; amaze; fill with wonder n blas\'e bored with pleasure or dissipation; uninterested or bored n blasphemy irreverence; sacrilege; cursing; bad language about God or holy things; V. blasphem; ADJ. blasphemous; CF. sacrilege n blatant extremely (offensively) obvious; loudly offensive; Ex. blatant lie; N. blatancy n bleak cold or cheerless; frigid; unlikely to be favorable; depressing n blighted suffering from a disease; destroyed s blight plant disease; V: infect with blight; ruin; destroy n blithe(blithesome) gay; joyous n bloated (unpleasantly) swollen or puffed as with water or air n blowhard talkative boaster; braggart n bludgeon club; heavy-headed weapon; V. n bluff pretense (of strength); deception; high cliff; ADJ: rough but good-natured blunder error; stupid mistake n blurt utter impulsively from nervousness or excitement n bluster blow in heavy gusts; threaten emptily; bully; speak in a noisy or bullying manner; CF. breeze, gust, gale s bully one who is habitually cruel to weaker people; V. bode foreshadow; portend bogus counterfeit; not authentic; intentionally false; Ex. bogus interview n bohemian unconventional (in an artistic way) boisterous violent; rough; noisy n bolster support; reinforce n bolt door bar; fastening pin or screw; length of fabric; large roll of cloth; V: dash or dart off; fasten (a door); gobble down s dart move or throw suddenly and quickly s gobble eat very quickly n bombardment attack (as with missiles or bombs); V. bombard n bombastic pompous; using inflated language s bombast grandiloquent, pompous speech n boon blessing; benefit; something very helpful n boorish rude; insensitive s boor rude, insensitive person n bouillon clear beef (or meat) soup n bountiful generous; graciously generous; showing bounty s gracious kind in a generous way (to someone less important) bourgeois middle class; selfishly materialistic; too interested in material possessions bovine cowlike; placid and dull; slow-thinking; calm n bowdlerize expurgate; CF. Thomas Bowdler n brackish somewhat saline n braggadocio boasting s brag boast n braggart boaster; bragger n brandish wave around (a weapon); flourish n bravado swagger; assumed air of defiance; false show of bravery s swagger walk or behave with an over-confident manner n brawn human muscle; muscular strength; sturdiness s brawny muscular; having well-developed muscles s sturdy strong and firm (in the body) n brazen insolent; without shame; bold; Ex. brazen lie; V: face with bold self-assurance or with unshamed confidence s brawl noisy quarrel n breach breaking of contract or duty; fissure or gap; opening; V. breadth width; extent brevity conciseness; shortness of duration n brindled tawny or grayish with streaks or spots (of animals) s tawny brownish yellow n bristling rising like bristles; showing irritation s bristle short stiff hair; V: (hair or fur) stand up stiffly n brittle hard but easily broken; difficult; unstable; Ex. brittle situation n broach introduce as a subject; moot; open up n brocade rich, figured(patterned) fabric brochure pamphlet n brooch ornamental clasp; pin s clasp hold firmly within arms n brook tolerate; endure; Ex. brook no interference; N: small stream n browbeat bully; intimidate n browse graze; feed on growing grass; skim or glance at casually s graze (of an animal) feed on growing grass; cause (an animal) to feed on grass; scrape (esp. the skin) or touch lightly in passing; brush; Ex. We can't graze the cattle till summer; N: surface wound s skim read or glance through quickly; touch lightly in passing; brush; remove from the surface of a liquid n brunt main impact or shock (of an attack or blow); Ex. brunt of the argument n brusque blunt; abrupt; curt; not wanting to waste time being nice n buccaneer pirate n bucolic rustic; pastoral n buffet strike forcefully; slap; batter; knock out; N: table with food set out for people to server themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set s slap hit quickly with the flat part of the hand; N. CF. smack n buffoonery clowning s buffoon stupid person; clown s clown act stupidly; play the fool; N. n bugaboo bugbear; object of baseless terror n bullion gold and silver in the form of bars n bulwark strong wall built for defense; earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends n bungle mismanage; blunder; botch; blow; spoil by clumsy behavior s botch mismanage; blow buoyant able to float; cheerful and optimistic; N. buoyancy; Ex. buoyancy of wood/water/American market bureaucracy overregulated administrative system marked by red tape; ADJ. bureaucratic n burgeon grow rapidly; grow forth; send out buds; Ex. burgeoning computer industry; CF. bludgeon n burlesque give an imitation that ridicules; imitate mockingly n burnish make shiny by rubbing; polish n buttress support; prop up; N. stationary structure to support wall; Ex. flying buttress s prop support placed under or against something; V. n buxom full-bosomed; plump; jolly s plump pleasantly fat; nicely rounded n cabal small group of persons secretly united to promote their own interests cache hiding place; V. cacophonous discordant; inharmonious; N. cacophony: unpleasant mixture of loud sounds cadaver corpse; dead human body cadaverous like a corpse; pale n cadence rhythmic rise and fall (of words or sounds); beat; regular beat of sound; rhythm n cajole persuade by praise or false promise; coax; wheedle s coax persuade by flattery calamity disaster; misery calculated deliberately planned; likely n caldron(cauldron) large kettle n caliber ability; quality; diameter of the inside of a round cylinder; Ex. work of very high caliber calligraphy beautiful writing; excellent penmanship n callous hardened; unfeeling; without sympathy for the sufferings of others; unkind s callus area of thick hard skin n callow youthful; immature; inexperienced n calorific heat-producing; N. calorie calumny malicious misrepresentation; slander n camaraderie good-fellowship; CF. comrade n cameo shell or jewel carved in relief; star's special appearance in a minor role in a film n canard unfounded false rumor; exaggerated false report n candor frankness; open honesty; ADJ. candid n canine related to dogs; doglike n canker any ulcerous sore; ulcer; any evil; CF. cancer s ulcer sore place appearing on the skin inside or outside the body; Ex. stomach ulcer; ADJ. ulcerous; V. ulcerate n canny shrewd in money matters; thrifty n cant insincere speech or expression of piety; jargon of thieves; special words used by a particular group of people cantankerous ill-humored; irritable n cantata story set to music to be sung by a chorus (shorter than an oratorio) n canter slow gallop; V. CF. trot n canto division of a long poem n canvass determine or seek opinions, votes, etc.; go through (a region) to solicit votes or orders; conduct a survey; N. capacious spacious n capacity mental or physical ability; role; position or duty; ability to accommodate; Ex. in my capacity as president n capillary having a very fine bore; resembling a hair; fine and slender; Ex. capillary attraction; N: very fine hairlike tube; CF. capillarity n capitulate surrender; give up all resistance caprice whim; sudden change of mind without any real cause capricious unpredictable; fickle caption title; chapter heading; text under illustration n captious faultfinding; too critical n carafe glass water bottle; decanter n carapace shell covering the back (of a turtle, tortoise, crab, etc.) n carat(karat) unit of weight for precious stones; measure of the purity of gold n carcinogenic causing cancer; N. carcinogen n cardinal chief; most important; N: priest; cardinal number: number that shows quantity rather thatn order cardiologist doctor specializing in ailments of the heart n careen lurch; sway from side to side; move with irregular swinging movement; stagger s career rush wildly; go at full speed s sway swing from side to side; influence (someone) to change one's opinion; N. caricature distortion; burlesque carillon a set of bells (often in a tower) capable of being played carnage destruction of life; slaughter; killing of large numbers of people or animals carnal fleshly; sensual; concerning the desires of the body carnivorous meat-eating; N. carnivore; CF. herbivore n carousal drunken revel; V. carouse n carping petty criticism; fault-finding; fretful complaining; quibble n carrion rotting flesh of a dead body; CF. vulture n cartographer map-maker cascade small waterfall n caste one of the hereditary classes in Hindu society; social stratification; prestige castigation punishment; severe criticism or disapproval casualty serious or fatal accident; person killed or wounded in an accident or battle s casual happening by chance; irregular; occasional; informal; showing or feeling little interest; Ex. casual reader/labor/remark n cataclysm deluge; upheaval; earthquake; violent and sudden event or change n catalyst agent which brings about a chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged; CF. catalysis catapult slingshot; hurling machine; V: fire from catapult s hurl throw forcefully; shout out violently n cataract great waterfall; eye abnormality (causing a gradual loss of eyesight) catastrophe calamity ; disaster n catcall shout of disapproval or displeasure (made at the theater or a sports match); boo; V. n catechism book for religious instruction in question-and-answer form; religious instruction by question and answer; V. catechize categorical without exceptions; made without any doubt in mind; unqualified; absolute s qualify reach a necessary standard; limit the meaning of something stated catharsis purging or cleansing of any passage of the body; purging and weakening of strong emotions as a result of experiencing a dramatic work of art cathartic purgative; medicine that causes the bowels to empty; ADJ. n catholic (of likings and interests) universal; general; broad; including many different parts; wide-ranging liberal; Ex. catholic opinions/tastes n caucus private meeting of a group of people in a political party to select officers or determine policy; CF. the Caucus club of Boston n caulk(calk) make watertight (by blocking up cracks as in a ship) causal implying a cause-and-effect relationship; N. causality caustic burning; corrosive; able to burn by chemical action; sarcastically biting; (of remarks) intended to hurt; bitter; harmful; OP. harmless n cauterize burn (a wound or snakebite, etc.) with hot iron or caustic substance to stop bleeding and prevent infection n cavalcade procession of riders or horse-drawn carriages; parade; CF. cavalry n cavalier casual and offhand; arrogant; N: knight n cavil quibble; make frivolous objections; find fault unnecessarily n cede yield (title or territory) to (esp. after losing a war); surrender formally; N. cession celerity speed; rapidity celestial heavenly s hereafter life after death s afterlife life after death; later part of one's life n celibate abstaining from sexual intercourse; unmarried; N. celibacy censor (in ancient Rome) overseer of morals (also taking the census); person who eliminates inappropriate matter; V. n censorious severely critical censure blame; criticize; express strong disapproval; N: severe criticism; strong disapproval centaur mythical figure, half man and half horse centigrade denoting a widely used temperature scale (basically same as Celsius) centrifugal radiating; departing from the center centrifuge machine that separates substances by whirling them centripetal tending toward the center centurion Roman army officer (commanding a company of about 100 soldiers) cerebral pertaining to the brain or intellect; intellectual rather than emotional; CF. cerebrum cerebration thought; working of the brain n ceremonious marked by formality; extremely formal and polite; CF. ceremony: conventional social courtesy s unceremonious not done politely without due formalities n certitude certainty cessation stoppage n cession yielding to another; ceding n chafe warm by rubbing; make sore by rubbing; N. n chaff worthless products of an endeavor; husk(outer seed cover) separated from grain; Ex. separate the wheat from the chaff n chaffing bantering; joking n chagrin annoyance and disappointment; vexation (caused by humiliation or injured pride) n chalice goblet; consecrated cup chameleon lizard that changes color in different situations champion support militantly; fight for; N: person who fights for or supports strongly (a principle, movement, person, etc.) s championship position of champion; defense or support; competition held to determine a champion chaotic in utter disorder charisma divine gift; great popular charm or appeal; magnetism n charlatan quack; pretender to knowledge (esp. in medicine) n chary cautious; unwilling to take risks; sparing or restrained about giving; OP. bold n chase ornament a metal surface by indenting; follow rapidly to catch chasm abyss; very deep crack n chassis framework and working parts of an automobile; framework to which components are attached chaste morally pure; virginal; abstaining from illicit sexual acts; modest; simple (of a style of writing); not highly decorated; austere n chasten discipline; punish in order to correct; CF. castigate n chastise punish as by beating; criticize severely chauvinist blindly devoted patriot; zealous adherent of a group, cause, or sex; ADJ. chauvinistic; CF. chauvinism; Nicolas Chauvin check stop motion; curb or restrain n checkered(chequered) marked by great changes in fortune; with many changes of fortuene; CF. checked: having a pattern of squares n cherubic angelic; innocent-looking; N. cherub; CF. seraph: winged angel of the highest order n chicanery trickery; deception n chide scold; rebuke (someone who has done wrong) n chimerical fantastically improbable; highly unrealistic; N. chimera: unreal fancy; fire-breathing female creature n chisel swindle or cheat; N: wedgelike tool for cutting s chip lose a small piece from the surface or edge; N: small piece broken off something; CF. French fry; Potato chip/crisp chivalrous courteous; faithful; brave; N. chivalry n choleric hot-tempered; bad-tempered; irritable; easily angered; CF. cholera n choreography art of representing dances in written symbols; arrangement of dances s chore daily domestic task (such as cleaning, cooking, and shopping); unpleasant task n chortle chuckle with delight; N. s chuckle laugh quietly chronic long established as a disease chronicle report; record (in chronological order) n churlish boorish; rude; N. churl: boor; yahoo n ciliated having minute hairs; CF. cilium; CF. cilia: eyelash cipher nonentity; worthless person or thing; zero; secret code; V. circlet small ring; band of gold, silver, jewel, etc. (worn on the head, arms, or neck as decoration) circuitous roundabout s circuit closed circular line around an area; circumference; regularly repeated journey from place to place circumlocution indirect or roundabout expression (by using an uncecessarily large number of words esp. when trying to avoid answering a difficult question directly) circumscribe limit; confine; draw a line around n circumspect prudent; cautious; acting after careful thought circumvent outwit; defeat by behaving more cleverly; outsmart; baffle; avoid; get around n cistern reservoir or water tank citadel fortress cite quote; commend; Ex. cited for bravery in an official record civil having to do with citizens; not military or religious; courteous and polite; Ex. married in a civil ceremony; Ex. civil strife/disorder/law; N. civility; CF. civic clairvoyant having foresight; fortuneteller; N. clairvoyance s hindsight understanding the nature of an event after it has actually happened n clamber climb by crawling with difficulties; scramble clamor loud continous noise; continuous demand or complaint made by a large number of people; V: make a clamor; express (a demand) continually and loudly; ADJ. clamorous clandestine secret s chaperon older person who accompanies and supervises a young unmarried woman n clangor loud resounding noise; sound of repeated clanging n clapper striker (tongue) of a bell s clap strike the palms of the hands together with a sudden explosive sound; come together suddenly with a sharp sound; put or send promptly; Ex. clap the thief in jail; N: clapping; loud or explosive sound; CF. applause n clarion shrill, trumpetlike sound; kind of trumpet used in former times claustrophobia fear of being locked in n clavicle collarbone s scrimmage disorderly fight between two or more people cleave split or sever; cling to; remain faithful to; N. cleavage; ADJ. cloven n cleft N: split n clemency disposition to be lenient in deciding punishments; mildness as of the weather; ADJ. clement clich\'e phrase dulled in meaning by repetition; platitude; ADJ. clich\'ed s bromide platitude; chemical compound used to calm excitement n clientele body of customers climactic relating to the highest point; N. climax; CF. climatic n clime climate n clique small exclusive group of people cloister monastery or convent n clout great influence (especially political or social); hard blow with fist cloying distasteful (because excessive); excessively sweet or sentimental; V. cloy: become unpleasant through too much sweetness or excess n coagulate congeal; thicken; clot; N. coagulant s clot half-solid lump formed from a liquid (or blood); V. s pudding hot sweet dish coalesce combine; fuse; N. coalescence coalition partnership; league; union of separate political parties n coda concluding section of a musical or literary composition n coddle treat gently; indulge excessively; pamper; mollycoddle; baby; cook in water just below boiling point; Ex. coddled eggs n codicil supplement to the body of a will; later addition to a will codify arrange (laws or rules) as a code; classify; N. code: system of words used instead of ordinary writing; collection of laws, rules, established social customs coercion use of force to get someone to object; compelling; V. coerce n coeval living at the same time as; existing during the same period of time; contemporary; of the same age n cog tooth projecting from a wheel cogent convincing cogitate think over; ponder cognate having a common origin; related linguistically; allied by blood; similar or akin in nature; Ex. cognate languages; N. cognitive having to do with knowing or perceiving related to the mental processes; N. cognition: the mental process of knowing cognizance knowledge; ADJ. cognizant; having knowledge; aware n cohabit live together cohere stick together cohesion tendency to keep together n cohorts group of people who share some common quality; armed band; a group of between 300 and 600 soldiers under one commander (in the ancient Rome) n coiffure hairstyle coin make coins; invent or fabricate (a word or phrase); N. coinage: word or phrase recently invented coincidence the chance occurrence, at the same time, of two or more seemingly connected events; V. coincide: happen at the same time; be in agreement; CF. coincident; CF. coincidental n colander utensil with perforated bottom used for straining collaborate work together; cooperate treasonably with the enemy n collage work of art put together from fragments s scrap small bit or fragment; discarded waste material; fight; Ex. a scrap of paper/cloth; V: break into parts for disposal; discard as worthless; fight; quarrel s scraps leftover food s scrappy quarrelsome collate examine and compare in order to verify authenticity; arrange in order (the sheets of a book before they are bound) collateral security given for loan; ADJ: secondary; descended from the same person but through different sons or daughters n collation a light meal; collating colloquial pertaining to conversational or common speech; informal; N. colloquialism: colloquial expression colloquy informal discussion; conversation collusion conspiring in a fraudulent scheme to cheat or deceive others; V. collude colossal huge colossus gigantic statue; person or thing of great size or importance n comatose in a coma; extremely sleepy s coma deep prolonged unconsciousness caused by disease, poison, or a severe blow combustible easily burned; N. CF. combustion comely attractive; agreeable; having a pleasing appearance s homely not good-looking; unattractive comestible something fit to be eaten n comeuppance deserts; well-deserved punishment or misfortune; rebuke s deserts what someone deserves n comity courtesy; civility; Ex. comity of nations commandeer take (private property) for military use without needing permission or giving payment; draft for military purposes s draft first rough form; conscription; draught; V: make a draft of; conscript s draught current of air (through a room or to a fire); act of pulling roads; act of swallowing liquid or amount of liquid swallowed at a time n commemorative remembering; honoring the memory of; Ex. commemorative stamp s commemorate honor the memory of; serve as a memorial to; Ex. commemorate the 100th anniversary/those who died in the war commensurate equal in extent; of the same size commiserate feel or express pity or sympathy for commodious spacious and comfortable n communal held in common; public; of a group of people; of a commune s commune small (often rural) community whose members share work and income; V: exchange thoughts or feelings; Ex. commune with nature compact agreement; contract; ADJ: tightly packed; firm; brief; concise; Ex. compact statement compatible harmonious; in harmony with; able to exist together compelling overpowering; irresistible in effect; holding one's attention; that compels one to do something; Ex. a compelling adventure story; V. compel s compulsion compelling; strong desire that is difficult to control; irresistible impulse s compulsory obligatory; that must be done s compulsive resulting from compulsion compendium brief, comprehensive summary; ADJ. compendious compensatory making up for; repaying compilation listing of information in tabular or book form; compiling compile assemble; gather; accumulate; make (a report or a book) from facts and information found in various places; Ex. compile a dictionary complacency self-satisfaction; smugness; ADJ. complacent s smug self-satisfied; complacent complaisant trying to please; obliging; willing to please others complement complete; consummate; make perfect; N. complementary serving to complete something compliance conformity in fulfilling requirements; readiness to yield; disposition to yield to others; V. comply compliant readily acting in accordance with a rule, order, or the wishes or others; yielding; comforming to requirements complicity participation; involvement (in a questionable act or a crime) component element; ingredient n comport bear one's self; behave; Ex. comport oneself; N. comportment s deport send out of the country; behave; N. deportation, deportment s bearing deportment; connection composure mental calmness compound combine; produce by combining; increase; make worse by adding to or increasing; exacerbate; Ex. compound an error; ADJ: consisting of two or more parts; N: combination of two or more parts; area enclosed by a wall containing a group of buildings; Ex. factory compound; CF. complex comprehensive broad; including a lot or everything; thorough; inclusive compress force into less space; squeeze; contract; put into fewer words; N: thick mass of cloth pressed to part of the body to stop bleeding or swelling, reduce fever, etc. comprise include; consist of n compromise adjust or settle by making mutual concessions; endanger the interests or reputation of; put into danger, disrepute, or a dishonorable position; Ex. compromise one's principle; N. compunction remorse; strong uneasiness caused by guilt compute reckon; calculate s reckon count; calculate; regard as; think; suppose concatenate link as in a chain concave hollow; curved inwards; OP. convex concede admit; acknowledge as being true (often reluctantly); yield; grant; Ex. concede a goal conceit vanity or self-love; too high opinion of one's own value; extravagant metaphor (in poetry) s vain full of self-admiration; conceited; without result; unsuccessful; N. vanity concentric having a common center conception beginning; forming of an idea; fertilization; V. conceive: form an idea in the mind; devise; become pregnant; CF. inception n concerted mutually agreed on; done together by agreement; Ex. concerted effort; CF. in concert: working together concession an act of yielding; conceding; something conceded; point, right, etc. given unwillingly; privilege of maintaining a business in a certain place; Ex. oil concessions in the North sea; CF. concessionaire conciliatory reconciling; soothing; V. conciliate: reconcile; soothe; win the friendly feelings (by removing anger) concise brief and compact n conclave private secret meeting conclusive decisive; ending all debate concoct prepare by mixing or combining; make up in concert; devise (something false) so as to deceive; Ex. concoct an elaborate excuse for being late; N. concoction concomitant that which accompanies; Ex. Deafnes is a frequent concommitant of old age; ADJ: existing or happening together with something else concord harmony; accord s concordat formal agreement concur agree; coincide; happen at the same time concurrent happening at the same time; in agreement condescend (derog.) bestow courtesies with a superior air; descend to the level of one considered inferior condign adequate; (of punishment) severe and well deserved condiments seasonings; spices condole express condolences; N. condolence: sympathy for someone who has experienced great sorrow condone overlook; forgive; give tacit approval; excuse conducive helpful; contributive; V. conduce; Ex. conduce to/towards conduit aqueduct; passageway for fluids n confidant(confidante) trusted friend (to whom one tells one's secret) s confide tell in confidence (to a person one trusts); be confident about s confidence self-assurance; calm unworried feeling based on a strong belief in one's abilities; strong belief in the ability of a person or plan; trust or faith in a person or thing; something confided; secret; Ex. confidence in your ability; Ex. I'm telling you this in confidence; Ex. exchange confidences about their boyfriends; ADJ. confident s confidential spoken or written in secret; trusted with private matters; Ex. confidential secretary confine shut in an enclosed space; restrict; keep within limits; N. confinement confiscate seize; take possession of (private property) by official order (usu. as a punishment); commandeer conflagration great fire confluence flowing together; the place where two rivers flow together; crowd; gathering together conformity harmony; agreement with established rules or customs; similarity; Ex. behave in conformity with; V. conform: be similar; act in agreement; comply; Ex. conform to the rule; CF. conformance n confound confuse; puzzle congeal freeze; coagulate congenial pleasant; friendly; in agreement with one's tastes and nature; Ex. congenial weather congenital existing at birth conglomeration mass of material sticking together s conglomerate corporation made up of several different companies in diversified fields; mass of various material gathered together; rock consisting of small stones held together by clay; V. congruence correspondence of parts; harmonious relationship; CF. congruity congruent in agreement; harmonious; corresponding; coinciding exactly; CF. congruous n conifer pine tree (usu. evergreen); cone-bearing tree; ADJ. coniferous; CF. deciduous; CF. evergreen conjecture surmise; guess; V. conjugal pertaining to marriage conjure cause to appear by magic; summon (a devil or a spirit) by magical power; practice magic (esp. by very quick movement of the hands); evoke; conjure up: bring into the mind; Ex. The magician conjured a rabbit out of his hat. connivance pretense of ignorance of something wrong; assistance; permission to offend; V. connive: feign ignorance (of a wrong); cooperate secretly in an illegal action; conspire connoisseur person competent to act as a judge of art, etc. (whose judgments are respected); a lover of an art connotation suggested or implied meaning of an expression; V. connote connubial pertaining to marriage or the matrimonial state s matrimony state of being married s patrimony property inherited from a father consanguinity kinship; relationship by birth s consanguineous(consanguine) having a common ancestor conscientious scrupulous; through and careful; Ex. conscientious worker conscript draftee; person forced into military service; V. consecrate dedicate; sanctify; declare as sacred; Ex. consecrate one's life to helping the poor consensus general agreement; opinion reached by a group consequential self-important; significant; consequent; following as a result; Ex. consequential air; CF. subsequent conservatory(conservatoire) school of the fine arts (especially music or drama); glass-enclosed area; CF. conservancy consign send to a person or place for sale; deliver officially; entrust; put into the care of another; set apart (for a special purpose); N. consignment; CF. consignor, consignee consistency absence of contradictions; uniformity; degree of thickness or firmness; Ex. consistency of thick cream; CF. viscous console lessen sadness or disappointment; give comfort; allay the sorrow of; N. consolation consolidation unification; process of becoming firmer or stronger; V. consolidate: merge; strengthen consonance harmony; agreement s consonant harmonious; in agreement; N. consort associate with; keep company; N: husband or wife (or a ruler) conspiracy treacherous plot; secret plan against the law (by two or more people) s conspire take part in a conspiracy; (of events) work together; combine; Ex. Events conspired to produce great difficulties. s consternation great shock; dismay constituent supporter; voter; member of a constituency; component s constituency voters represented by an elected official; district so represented; group of supporters (or constituents) s constitution constituting; system of laws; composition of something; physical makeup or structure of a person; Ex. men with strong constitutions constraint restraint; compulsion; repression of feelings; reticence; V. constrain: hold back; restrain; compel; oblige; confine forcibly; imprison construe explain; interpret; Ex. construe her silence as meaning that she agreed; CF. misconstrue consummate complete; V. contagion infection (by contact); ADJ. contagious; CF. infectious: that can be passed by infection in the air s drastic strong; violent and severe; Ex. drastic changes/measures contaminate pollute contempt scorn; disdain; ADJ. contemptuous; CF. contemptible contend struggle; compete; assert earnestly; state strongly contention assertion; claim; thesis; struggling; competition s thesis opinion put forward and supported by reasoned arguments s boost lift by pushing up from below; increase; raise; N: push upward; increase contentious quarrelsome; controversial; likely to cause arguments contest dispute; argue about the rightness of; compete for; try to win; Ex. contest the election results; Ex. contest a seat in Parliament; N. context writings preceding and following the passage quoted; circumstance in which an event occurs contiguous adjacent to; touching upon n continence self-restraint; sexual chastity; sexual abstinence; voluntary control over bladder and bowel functions; ADJ. continent n contingent dependent on something uncertain or in the future; conditional; happening by chance; accidental; N: a group of soldiers, ships to a larger force; CF. contingency: future event that may or may not occur; possibility; Ex. prepare for every contingency contortions twistings; distortions; V. contort: twist violently out of shape; CF. contortionist n contraband illegal trade; smuggling; smuggled goods; ADJ. n contravene contradict; oppose; violate (a rule, law, or custom); N. contravention contrite penitent; repentant; N. contrition n contrived unnatural and forced; artificial; not spontaneous; Ex. The ending was rather contrived. s contrive invent or fabricate in a clever way (by improvisation); manage; Ex. contrive to attract his attention s contrivance something contrived; machine or apparatus; clever deceitful plan; scheme controvert oppose with arguments; attempt to refute; contradict; ADJ. controversial; N. controversy contumacious stubborn and disobedient; resisting authority (esp. disobedient to an order made by a court) contusion bruise s bruise injure without breaking the skin; N. n conundrum riddle; difficult problem convene come together; assemble; call to meet; Ex. convene the council convention social or moral custom; established practice; formal meeting; international agreement conventional ordinary; typical; not nuclear; Ex. conventional weapons converge approach; tend to meet; come together conversant familiar with; having knowledge of converse opposite; ADJ. convert one who has adopted a different religion or opinion; V: change into another form; (persuade to) adopt a particular religion or belief convex curving outward conveyance vehicle; transfer; act of conveying; Ex. public conveyance conviction judgment that someone is guilty of a crime; strongly held belief convivial pleasantly merry; festive; joyous; gay; characterized by joviality; jovial convoke call together; Ex. convoke Parliament; N. convocation convoluted coiled around; twisted; involved; complicated; intricate; complex; N. convolution: twist; one of the convex folds of the surface of the brain s convulsion violent uncontrollable shaking movement (caused by illness); V. convulse; ADJ. convulsive n copious plentiful n coquette flirt; flirtatious woman; woman who tries to attract the admiration of men without sincere feelings; V. s flirt behave in a way that attracts (sexual) attention; deal triflingly with; N: one (or woman) given to flirting; ADJ. flirtatious cordial warmly friendly; gracious; heartfelt; Ex. cordial welcome n cordon extended line of men or fortifications to prevent access or egress; (¾î±ú¿¡¼ °Üµå¶û ¹ØÀ¸·Î °ÉÄ¡´Â) Àå½Ä ¸®º»; V. n cornice projecting molding on building (usually above columns or pillars); ó¸¶ Àå½Ä n cornucopia horn (or horn-shaped container) overflowing with fruit and grain; symbol of abundance; horn of plenty corollary natural consequence (which naturally follows from something else) n corporeal bodily (rather than spiritual); of a bodily form; material; tangible corpulent very fat; N. corpulence s corpus collection (of writings or information); Ex. the corpus of Shakespear's works; Cf. corpse s corpuscle red or white cell in the blood correlation mutual relationship s correlate either of the correlated things; V. corroborate confirm; support; strengthen corrode destroy or wear away gradually by chemical action (over a long period) corrosive eating away by chemicals or disease; (of language) fierce n corrugated wrinkled; ridged s wrinkle small ridge on a smooth surface (face or cloth); V. s crinkle wrinkle cosmic pertaining to the universe; vast n coterie group that meets socially; select circle; close group of people with shared interests countenance approve; support; tolerate; Ex. countenance his rude behavior; N: face; appearance n countermand cancel; revoke (an order) counterpart thing that completes another; things very much alike; thing that has the same purpose in a different system n coup highly successful action or sudden attack; coup(s) d'\'etat; CF. coup de gr\^ace: deathblow or shot which kills couple join; unite; OP. uncouple n courier messenger n covenant binding agreement between two groups or people; compact; V: enter into a covenant; promise s bargain agreement between two groups or people; something for sale at a price advantageous to the buyer; V: negotiate; trade; Ex. bargaining power covert secret; hidden; implied; OP. overt n covetous avaricious; desirous of (someone else's possessions); V. covet: desire eagerly (someone else's possessions) n cow terrorize; intimidate n cower shrink quivering as from fear; cringe n coy shy (flirtatiously); showing a (pretended) lack of self-confidence; modest; coquettish; CF. job offer¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ n cozen cheat; hoodwink; swindle n crabbed sour; bad-tempered; peevish; difficult to read as handwriting s peevish bad-tempered; irritable; V. peeve: make angry n crass very unrefined; grossly insensible; crude and undiscriminating; Ex. crass behavior craven cowardly credence belief n credo creed credulity belief on slight evidence; gullibility; naivet\'e; ADJ. credulous creed system of religious or ethical belief crescendo increase in the volume or intensity as in a musical passage; climax; CF. crescent s far-fetched too improbable to be believed; implausible; Ex. far-fetched story s overture musical introduction to a long musical piece; first offer or proposal (to begin talks in the hope of reaching an agreement); Ex. overtures for peace n crestfallen dejected; dispirited s crest top (as of a hill or wave); showy feathers on the head of a bird n crevice crack; fissure cringe shrink back as if in fear; cower criteria standards used in judging; CF. criterion n crone hag; ugly old woman n crotchety (of someone old) eccentric; odd; whimsical; bad-tempered; N. crotchet: odd or whimsical notion n crux essential or main point; Ex. the crux of the problem; ADJ. crucial: of deciding importance crypt secret recess or vault usually used for burial; underground room (under a church) cryptic mysterious; hidden; secret n cubicle small chamber used for sleeping or work s compartment one of the parts into which an enclosed space is divided n cuisine style of cooking; Ex. French cuisine n culinary relating to cooking or kitchen n cull pick out from others (to kill the weakest members); reject; select; collect (information); N. culmination highest point; climax; V. culminate in: reach the highest point in; end in; Ex. a series of minor clashes culminating in war culpable deserving blame; blameworthy s culprit one guilty of a crime n culvert artificial channel for water; drain crossing under a road cumbersome heavy and awkward to carry or wear; burdensome; Ex. cumbersome parcel/uniform cumulative growing by addition; accumulative cupidity greed (for wealth); CF. cupid; CF. Cupid curator superintendent; manager (in charge of a museum or a library) n curmudgeon churlish, miserly individual; bad-tempered old person n cursive (of writing) flowing; running; having the successive letters joined cursory casual; hastily done with little attention to detail curtail shorten; reduce cynical skeptical or distrustful of human motives; N. cynicism; CF. cynic: person who believes all people are motivated by selfishness n cynosure object of general attention; person or thing that is a center of attention; CF. Ursa Minor n dabble work at in a nonserious fashion; splash around; move noisily in a liquid n dais raised platform for speakers or other important people n dally trifle with; toy with; treat without the necessary seriousness; procrastinate; waste time n dank damp; unpleasantly wet n dapper neat and trim (in appearance); (of small men) neat in appearance and quick in movements; neat; spry n dappled spotted n daub smear (as with paint); cover with something sticky; Ex. daub one's clothes with mud/paint; N: small bit of sticky substance; Ex. a daub of paint s smear spread or cover with a sticky substance; N: mark made by smearing s smudge dirty mark with unclear edges made by rubbing; V. daunt intimidate; frighten; discourage; dishearten dauntless bold; fearless dawdle loiter; hang around; waste time doing nothing deadlock standstill resulting from the opposition of two unrelenting forces; stalemate s standstill condition of no movement or activity; stop n deadpan wooden; impassive; with no show of feeling; with an expressionless face dearth scarcity d\'eb\^acle sudden disastrous downfall or defeat; complete disaster debase degrade; reduce in quality or value; degenerate; lower in esteem; disgrace; N. debasement s kneel go down on one's knee(s) n debauch corrupt morally; seduce from virtue; N. debauchery: wild behavior (with sex and alcohol) s seduce lead away from proper conduct; entice; ADJ. seductive debilitate weaken (esp. through heat, hunger, illness); enfeeble s bout match; short period of great activity; Ex. wrestling bout; bout of drinking/flu n debonair (of men) friendly, charming, and fashionably dressed; aiming to please; CF. of good disposition d\'ebris rubble; wreckage; scattered remains of something broken or destroyed n debunk expose as false, exaggerated, worthless, etc.; ridicule n debutante young woman making formal entrance into society s debut d\'ebut; first public appearance; formal presentation of a young woman to society decadence decay; fall to a lower level (of morality, civilization, or art); ADJ. decadent decant pour off gently (wine or liquid) decapitate behead decelerate slow down n deciduous falling off at a specific season or stage of growth as of leaves; Ex. deciduous tree/teeth decimate kill (usually one out of ten or every tenth man); destroy or kill a large part of decipher decode; CF. indecipherable n declivity downward slope n d\'ecollet\'e (of a dress) having a low-cut neckline; CF. d\'ecolletage: low neckline (on a dress) s decree authoritative order; edict; judgment of a court of law; V: order or judge by decree n decomposition decay; V. decompose: decay; break and separate into simple parts decorum propriety; orderliness and good taste in manners; appropriateness of behavior or conduct s decorous proper (in behavior, conduct, or appearance) decoy lure or bait; V. decrepitude state of collapse or weakness caused by illness or old age s decrepit weak and in bad condition from old age or hard use; Ex. decrepit old chair/man n decry express strong disapproval of; condemn openly (something dangerous to the public); disparage; Ex. decry the violence of modern films deducible derived by reasoning; V. deduce: infer; derive by reasoning deface mar; disfigure s mar spoil the appearance of defame harm someone's reputation; malign; speak evil of; slander; N. defamation; ADJ. defamatory default failure to act; failure to perform a task or be present; V. n defeatist resigned to defeat or failure; accepting defeat or failure as a natural outcome; N. CF. defeatism defection desertion s defect shortcoming; V: desert (in order to join the opposite one) defer give in respectfully; submit; delay till later; exempt temporarily; N. deferment; CF. show respect, comply with, courteous deference courteous regard for another's wish; courteous yielding to another's wish or opinion (showing respect); ADJ. deferential; OP. effrontery defiance refusal to yield; resistance; V. defy; ADJ. defiant defile pollute; make filthy or dirty; corrupt morally; profane; desecrate; N: narrow passage or gorge through mountains definitive most reliable; authorative and complete; that cannot be improved; conclusive; decisive; definite; Ex. definitive decision by the supreme court deflect turn aside; turn away from a straight course n defoliate destroy leaves; deprive of leaves (by the use of chemicals); N. defoliant n defray provide for the payment of; undertake the payment of; pay n defrock strip a priest or minister of church authority; unfrock s frock long loose garment (worn by monks) deft neat; skillful defunct dead; no longer in use or existence degenerate become worse in quality; deteriorate; ADJ: having become worse; Ex. a degenerate species; N: depraved or corrupt person degradation humiliation; debasement; degeneration; V. degrade: debase; disgrace; degenerate; reduce (something) in worth; demote (someone); reduce in rank s dishonor disgrace; N. ADJ. dishonorable n dehydrate remove water from; dry out deify turn into a god; make a god of; idolize; Ex. Kings were deified; CF. deity n deign condescend; stoop s stoop bend forward and down; lower or debase oneself; fall to a lower standard of behavior by doing something; condescend; Ex. stoop to lying delete erase; strike out n deleterious harmful deliberate consider; ponder; ADJ: done on purpose; slow delineate portray; depict; sketch; describe; N. delineation delirium mental disorder marked by confusion; uncontrolled excitement; ADJ. delirious delta flat plain of mud or sand between branches of a river delude deceive deluge flood; rush; V. delusion false belief; hallucination; deluding; Ex. delusions of grandeur; Ex. under the delusion that delusive deceptive; likely to delude; misleading; raising vain hopes; Ex. delusive promises n delve dig; search deeply; investigate demagogue person who appeals to people's prejudice; false leader of people; CF. demagoguery demean disgrace; humiliate; debase in dignity; behave demeanor behavior; bearing demented insane demise death n demographic related to population balance; N. demography: statistical study of human population demolition destruction; V. demolish n demoniac(demoniacal) fiendish; cruel; N. demon: evil supernatural being; devil s fiend evil spirit; devil n demotic of or pertaining to the people n demur object (because of doubts, scruples); raise an objection (showing qualms); hesitate; Ex. demur at the idea of working on Sunday n demure (of a woman or child) grave; quiet and serious; coy; pretending to be demure denigrate blacken; defame denizen (animal, person, or plant) inhabitant or resident of a particular place; regular visitor denotation meaning; distinguishing by name; V. denote: indicate; refer to directly; mean; CF. connotation n d\'enouement final outcome; final development of the plot of a play or other literary work; the end of a story when everything is explained denounce condemn; criticize; N. denunciation depict portray s expos\'e public revelation of something discreditable deplete reduce; exhaust deplore regret; express sorrow and severe disapproval for something bad; Ex. deplore their violent behavior; ADJ. deplorable: very bad; deserving severe disapproval; Ex. deplorable living condition deploy spread out (troops) in an extended though shallow battle line; distribute (persons or forces) systematically or strategically s battalion army unit made up of four or more companies depose dethrone; remove from office; give a deposition; testify deposition testimony under oath; deposing; dethroning depravity extreme corruption; wickedness; V. deprave deprecate express disapproval of; deplore; protest against; belittle; ADJ. deprecatory depreciate lessen in value; belittle; represent as of little value depredation plundering; destruction deranged insane s institute organization for a special purpose; V: establish s institution instituting; (building for the) organization; established custom, practice, or relationship in a society; mental hospital; Ex. institution of marriage s institutionalize make into an institution; put or confine in an institution derelict negligent; (of someone) neglectful of duty; (of something) deserted by an owner; abandoned; N: abandoned property; homeless or vagrant person s dereliction neglect of duty; abandonment deride ridicule; treat with contempt; make fun of; OP. respect derision ridicule; ADJ. derisive; CF. derisory derivative unoriginal; obtained from another source; Ex. derivative prose style; N. s derivation deriving; origin or source of something; Ex. the derivation of the word dermatologist one who studies the skin and its diseases s acne skin disease (on the face) derogatory expressing a low opinion; disparaging; V. derogate: detract; disparage n descry catch sight of (something distant) desecrate profane; violate the sanctity of s violate break (a law); defile; desecrate; assault sexually; Ex. violate graves desiccate dry up desolate (of a place) deserted; unpopulated; (of a person) lonely; forlorn; joyless desolate make desolate; forsake; abandon and desert n desperado reckless, desperate outlaw s desperate having lost all hope; despairing; reckless and violent because of loss of hope or despair; undertaken as a last resort despise look on with scorn; regard as worthless or distasteful; ADJ. despicable: contemptible despoil plunder; sack; Ex. despoil the village despondent without hope and courage; depressed; gloomy; N. despondency: loss of hope with gloom; dejection despot tyrant; harsh, authoritarian ruler; CF. despotism destitute extremely poor; lacking means of subsistence; utterly lacking; devoid; Ex. destitute of any experience s impoverish make poor; deprive of natural strength or something important; Ex. impoverished soil desultory aimless; haphazard; digressing at random n detached emotionally removed; free from emotional involvement; calm and objective; physically separate; N. detachment; CF. attachment s detain keep waiting; prevent from leaving or going; N. detention n determinate having a fixed order of procedure; precisely defined; invariable; fixed; conclusive; final n determination resolve; firmness of purpose; measurement or calculation; decision deterrent something that discourages or deters detonation explosion detraction slandering; aspersion; detracting; CF. detractor detrimental harmful; damaging; N. detriment deviate turn away from (a principle, norm); move away from an accepted standard; swerve; depart; diverge; N. deviation; Ex. deviation of the path of light by a prism n devious roundabout; erratic; deviating from the straight course; not straightforward; not completely honest; Ex. devious route devise think up; invent; plan; bequeath; N: bequest devoid empty; lacking n devolve deputize; pass or be passed to others (power, work, or property); Ex. devolve on/upon/to s deputize work or appoint as a deputy; N. deputy: person who has the power to take charge when the leading person is away devotee enthusiastic follower; enthusiast; Ex. devotee of Bach devout pious; deeply religious; sincere; earnest; Ex. my devout hope dexterous skillful; skill in using hands or mind; N. dexterity diabolical diabolic; devilish; fiendish n diadem crown dialectical relating to the art of debate; mutual or reciprocal; Ex. dialectical situation; N. dialectic: art of arriving at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments diaphanous sheer; transparent n diatribe bitter scolding or denunciation; invective; abuse dichotomy division into two opposite parts; split; branching into two parts (especially contradictory ones) n dictum authoritative and weighty statement (made by a judge in court); saying; maxim; CF. obiter dictum: incidental, nonbinding remark (something said in passing) n didactic (of speech or writing) intended to teach a moral lesson; teaching; instructional; N. didacticism n die metal block used for shaping metal or plastic; device for stamping or impressing; mold; CF. dice diffidence shyness; lack of self-confidence; timidity; ADJ. diffident n diffuse wordy; verbose; rambling; spread out (like a gas); V: spread out in all directions; disperse; N. diffusion; CF. suffuse digression wandering away from the subject; V. digress dilapidated falling to pieces; in a bad condition; ruined because of neglect; Ex. dilapidated old car/castle; N. dilapidation dilate expand; dilate on/upon: speak or write at length on (a subject) dilatory delaying; tending to delay dilemma situation that requires a choice between equally unfavorable options; problem; choice of two unsatisfactory alternatives n dilettante aimless follower of an art or a field of knowledge (not taking it seriously); amateur; dabbler; CF. delight diligence steadiness of effort; persistent hard work dilute make (a liquid) less concentrated; reduce in strength; Ex. dilute the influence of the president diminution lessening; reduction in size; V. diminish din continued loud noise; V: make a din; instill by wearying repetition s weary tired after long work; V. n dinghy small boat (often ship's boat) s maroon leave helpless on a deserted island or coast; ADJ. red brown n dingy (of things and place) dirty and dull; Ex. dingy street/curtain s dull (of colors or surfaces) not bright; cloudy; overcast; boring; (of edge or sound) not sharp; not rapid; sluggish; slow in thinking and understanding; stupid; V. n dint means; effort; Ex. by dint of hard work n diorama life-size, three-dimensional scene from nature or history; three-dimensional scene with modeled figures against a painted background n dire warning of disaster; disastrous; (of needs and dangers) very great; urgent; Ex. dire prediction/need of food n dirge funeral song; slow mournful piece of music (sung over a dead person) disabuse correct a false impression; undeceive; free from a wrong belief n disaffected disloyal; lacking loyality; V. disaffect: cause to lose affection or loyalty disapprobation disapproval; condemnation n disarray state of disorder; a disorderly or untidy state; Ex. with her clothes in disarray n disavowal denial; disclaiming; repudiating; disowning; V. disavow; CF. disclaim n disband dissolve; disperse; (of a group) break up and separate; Ex. The club has disbanded. n disburse pay out (as from a fund); N. disbursement; CF. purse discernible distinguishable; perceivable; Ex. discernible improvement discerning mentally quick and observant; having insight; perceptive; able to make good judgments; V. discern: perceive n disclaim disown; renounce claim to; deny; CF. disclaimer disclose reveal; N. disclosure n discombobulated discomposed; confused s discompose disturb the composure of; confuse discomfit frustrate; put to rout; defeat; disconcert; embarrass; perturb n disconcert confuse; upset; embarrass; perturb disconsolate hopelessly sad (at the loss of something) discord conflict; lack of harmony; dissonance (when musical notes are played) discordant not harmonious; conflicting n discount disregard; regard (a story or news) as unimportant; deduct from a cost discourse serious speech, writing, or conversation; formal discussion (either written or spoken); conversation; V. discredit defame; disgrace; destroy confidence in; disbelieve; N. CF. discreditable: causing discredit; shameful discrepancy lack of consistency or agreement as between facts; difference; Ex. discrepancy between two descriptions discrete separate; unconnected discretion prudence; ability to adjust actions to circumstances; freedom of action or judgment; ADJ. discreet; CF. discretionary discriminating able to see differences; discerning; prejudiced; N. discrimination s discriminate distinguish; make distinctions on the basis of preference s brisk quick and active; marked by liveliness and vigor n discursive (of a person or writing) digressing; rambling (without any clear plan) disdain treat with scorn or contempt n disembark debark; go ashore (from a ship); unload cargo from a ship; CF. embark disenfranchise disfranchise; deprive of a civil right; OP. enfranchise n disengage uncouple; separate; disconnect; stop fighting; OP. engage disfigure mar the appearance of; spoil n disgorge surrender something (stolen); eject; vomit; OP. gorge n disgruntle make discontented dishearten discourage n disheveled untidy (of hair or clothing); V. dishevel disinclination unwillingness n disingenuous not naive; not candid; sophisticated; worldly wise; OP. ingenuous n disinter dig up; unearth; OP. inter disinterested unprejudiced; free from bias and self-interest; objective disjointed disconnected; lacking coherence; V. disjoint: disconnect; disjoin disjunction act or state of separation; disunity; CF. disjunctive: expressing a choice between two ideas; CF. conjunction; CF. conjunctive n dislodge remove (forcibly); force out of a position; Ex. dislodge the food caught in his throat; CF. lodge n dismantle take apart; disassemble s mantle loose sleeveless outer garment; cloak; something that covers or envelops; the layer of the earth between the crust and the core s crust hard outer covering (as of earth or snow) dismember cut into small parts; cut (a body) apart limb from limb n dismiss eliminate from consideration; no longer consider; put out of court without further hearing; reject; discharge from employment; direct to leave; ADJ. dismissive; N. dismissal disparage belittle maneuver(manoeuver) strategic military or naval movement (done for training purposes); carefully planned process; stratagem; V: carry out a military maneuver; use maneuvers in gaining an end disparate basically different; impossible to compare; unrelated disparity difference; condition of inequality; OP. parity dispassionate calm; impartial; not influenced by personal feelings dispatch speediness; prompt execution; message sent with all due speed; V: send to a specified destination; finish promptly; kill dispel scatter; drive away; cause to vanish s dispense distribute; prepare and give out (medicines); N. dispensation: dispensing; religious system; official exemption from an obligation or a rule disperse scatter; Ex. disperse the cloud/crowd n dispirited lacking in spirit n disport amuse; Ex. disport oneself; CF. divert disputatious argumentative; fond of argument disquietude uneasiness; anxiety; V. disquiet: make anxious n disquisition formal systematic inquiry; explanation of the results of a formal inquiry; long formal speech or written report dissection analysis; cutting apart in order to examine n dissemble disguise; hide the real nature of; pretend disseminate distribute; spread; scatter (like seeds) dissent disagree dissertation formal essay; treatise dissident dissenting (with an opinion, a group, or a government); rebellious; N. n dissimulate pretend; conceal by feigning; dissemble dissipate squander; waste foolishly; scatter n dissolution disintegration; reduction to a liquid form; looseness in morals; sensual indulgence; debauchery; ADJ. dissolute: lacking in moral restraint; leading an immoral life s reduce diminish; bring to a weaker or more difficult condition; demote; lower in rank; separate into components by analysis; Ex. reduced to the ranks; Ex. reduce the house to rubble; N. reduction dissuade persuade not to do; discourage; N. dissuasion s dissonance discord n distant reserved or aloof; cold in manner; Ex. distant greeting; ADV. distantly distend expand; swell out distill refine (a liquid by evaporating and subsequent condensation); concentrate; separate the most important parts from; Ex. distill fresh water from sea water; CF. brew n distinction honor; excellence; difference; contrast; discrimination; Ex. graduated with distinction; Ex. a writer of real distinction s distinct clearly different; clearly noticed s distinctive clearly different from others of the same kind distort twist out of shape; give a false account of; misrepresent; N. distortion n distrait absentminded; distracted n distraught upset; distracted by anxiety; very anxious and troubled almost to the point of madness; Ex. distraught with grief/worry s distract take (one's attention) off something; upset emotionally; make anxious; ADJ. distracted diurnal daily; occurring during the daytime diva operatic singer; prima donna diverge vary; go in different directions from the same point; ADJ. divergent: differing; deviating diverse differing in some characteristics (from each other); various; N. diversity: variety; dissimilitude; lack of resemblance diversion act of turning aside; pastime; V. divert: turn aside from a course; distract; amuse divest strip (as of clothes); deprive (as of rights); dispossess; N. divestiture(divestment) divine perceive intuitively (by or as if by magic); foresee the future; foretell; dowse; ADJ. N. divination s dowse use a divining rod to search for underground water or minerals divulge reveal docile obedient; easily managed; submissive s ferocious fierce; violent; N. ferocity n docket program as for trial; book where such entries are made; list of things to be done; agenda; label fixed to a package listing contents or directions; V: describe in a docket n doctrinaire unable to compromise about points of doctrine; dogmatic; unyielding; marked by inflexible attachment to a doctrine without regard to its practical difficulties doctrine teachings in general; particular principle (religious, legal, etc.) taught; dogma; tenet; ADJ. doctrinal s indoctrinate cause to accept a doctrine without questioning it; Ex. indoctrinated with mindless anti-communism n document provide written evidence (for a claim); record with documents; N. n doddering shaky; infirm from old age; V. dodder s merit deserve; ADJ. meritorious: deserving reward or praise n doff take off; OP. don n dogged determined; stubborn; stubbornly persevering; tenacious; Ex. Inspector Javert's dogged pursuit of Jean Valjean s persevere continue steadily in spite of difficulties n doggerel poor verse dogmatic opinionated; holding stubbornly to one's opinion; arbitrary; doctrinal n doldrums blues; listlessness(lack of spirit or energy); slack(inactive) period; period of stagnation; ocean area near the equator where ships cannot move because there is no wind; Ex. in the doldrums s blues state of depression or melancholy; style of slow, mournful music (evolved from southern Black American songs) dolorous sorrowful; N. dolor n dolt slow-thinking stupid person; CF. dull n domicile home; V. ADJ. domiciled: having one's domicile; Ex. He is domiciled in Britain. n domineer rule over tyrannically s dominate control; rule; enjoy a commanding position in; overlook from a height; ³»·Á´Ùº¸´Ù s dominant exercising the most influence; high and easily seen; stronger than the other part of a system; not recessive n don put on; OP. doff s outfit clothing or equipment for a special purpose; Ex. cowboy outfit dormant sleeping; temporarily inactive; lethargic; latent n dormer window projecting upright from roof; CF. sleeping room dorsal relating to the back of an animal; Ex. dorsal fin n dossier file of documents on a subject or person; file; CF. bundle of papers labeled on the back n dotage senility; feeblemindedness of old age; Ex. In one's dotage n dote be excessively fond of; show signs of mental decline n dour sullen; gloomy; stubborn s sullen silently showing ill humor or resentment; dark; gloomy s brood sit on in order to hatch; think deeply or worry anxiously; N: the young of certain animals; group of young birds hatched at one time n douse plunge into water or liquid; dip; immerse; drench; wet throughly; extinguish; throw water over; dowse n dowdy untidy (of a woman or clothes); slovenly; dressed in an unattractive way; shabby; CF. unattractive woman n downcast disheartened; dejected; sad; directed downward n drab dull; lacking color; cheerless ; Ex. drab coat/life n draconian extremely severe; Ex. draconian punishment; CF. Draco: Athenian politician n dregs sediment in a liquid; lees; worthless residue n drivel nonsense; foolishness; V: talk nonsense s nonsense speech or writing with no meaning; foolish behavior or language; Ex. make (a) nonsense of: spoil; cause to fail s dribble flow or fall in drops; let saliva flow out slowly from the mouth; move a ball; N. s drip fall or let fall in drops; shed drops; N: action or sound of falling in drops; liquid that falls in drops s trickle flow in drops or in a thin stream; N. n droll queer and amusing s queer strange; eccentric; deviating from the normal n drone idle person who lives on other people's work; male bee n drone talk dully; buzz or murmur like a bee; N. s murmur low, indistinct, continuous sound; V. CF. mumble n dross waste matter; worthless impurities drudgery hard unpleasant work; menial work s drudge do drudgery; N: person who drudges n dubious questionable; (of something) causing doubt; (of someone) filled with doubt; N. dubiety n ductile malleable; pliable; (of metals) easily pulled into shape; flexible; (of someone) easily influenced or controlled n dulcet sweet sounding; pleasing to the ear; melodious n dumbfound(dumfound) astonish (making dumb); ADJ. dumbfounded, dumfounded, dumbstruck n dupe someone easily fooled or deceived; V: deceive n duplicity double-dealing; hypocrisy; being dishonest and deceitful; ADJ. duplicitous duration length of time something lasts n duress forcible restraint, especially unlawfully; coercion by threat; illegal coercion; Ex. a promise made under duress n dutiful(duteous) (of people or their behavior) respectful; obedient (filled with a sense of duty) n dwindle shrink; reduce gradually dynamic energetic; vigorously active s dynamo generator for producing electricity; energetic person n dyspeptic suffering from indigestion; N. dyspepsia: indigestion; difficulty in digesting food s dys- abnormal; impaired s dyslexia word blindness; learning disorder marked by impairment of the ability to read s dysentery inflammatory disorder of the lower intestinal tract n earthy unrefined; coarse; of earth; Ex. earthy remarks; OP. ethereal s earthly of this earth; terrestrial; worldly; not divine; possible; Ex. no earthly reason ebb (of the tide) recede; lessen; diminish; N. OP. flow: rise of tide ebullient showing excitement; overflowing with enthusiasm; boiling; N. ebullience; N. ebullition: state of boiling eccentric irregular; odd; unconventional; whimsical; bizarre; not concentric eccentricity oddity; idiosyncrasy ecclesiastic ecclesiastical; pertaining to the church; N: minister; priest; cleric; clergyman s chapel small church (in a prison, college, or hospital) s chaplain clergyman attached to a chapel s padre chaplain (in the armed forces) eclectic selective; composed of elements drawn from disparate sources; selecting individual elements from a variety of sources; N. eclecticism eclipse darken; extinguish; outshine; surpass; cause an eclipse s ecliptic path of the sun and the planets ecologist person concerned with the interrelationship between living organisms and their environment; person concerned with the detrimental effects of human civilization on the environment; CF. ecology s ecosystem ecological community together with its environment economy efficiency or conciseness in using something; thrifty management of resources ecstasy rapture; very strong feeling of joy and happiness; any overpowering emotion; ADJ. ecstatic: causing or experiencing ecstasy s rapture great joy and delight; ecstasy; ADJ. rapturous n eddy swirling current of water, air, etc.; V. edict decree (especially one issued by a sovereign); official command s sovereign ruler in a monarchy; ADJ: (of a country) independent and self-governing; having supreme power; supreme; excellent s sovereignty complete independence and self-government (of a country); supremacy of authority; power to govern n edify instruct; correct morally s edifice building (of imposing size) eerie weird; causing fear because strange efface rub out; remove the surface of effectual able to produce a desired effect; valid s effective effectual; producing a strong response; striking; in operation; in effect; Ex. effective speech/photograph s effectuate effect; produce; achieve; Ex. effectuate a reconciliation effeminate having womanly traits s emasculate weaken; castrate s castrate remove the sex organs (of a male animal or person) n effervescence inner excitement or exuberance; showing high spirits; emitting bubbles forming inside; bubbling from fermentation or carbonation; ADJ. effervescent; V. effervesce effete having lost one's original power; barren; worn out; exhausted efficacy power to produce desired effect; ADJ. efficacious: effectual effigy dummy; likeness of a person made of wood, paper, or stone; Ex. burn an effigy of the President s dummy imitation of a real object used as a substitute; effigy n effluvium noxious(harmful) smell effrontery rudeness without any sense of shame; shameless boldness; presumptousness; nerve; cheek s effulgent shining brightly; brilliant effusion pouring forth; unrestrained outpouring of feeling; V. effuse: pour out; ADJ. effusive: pouring forth; gushing s gush (of liquid) pour out in large quantities from a hole; make an excessive display of feeling (without true feeling); Ex. Blood gushed from the wound. egoism excessive interest in one's self; belief that one should be interested in one's self rather than in others; selfishness; ADJ. egoistic, egoistical s ego one's opinion of oneself; self-esteem egotistical egotistic; excessively self-centered(egocentric); self-important; conceited s egotism tendency to speak or write of oneself excessively; conceit; self-importance egregious notorious; conspicuously bad or shocking n egress exit; opening for going out; act of going out; OP. ingress n ejaculation exclamation; abrupt ejection (to discharge sperm); V. ejaculate n elaboration addition of details; intricacy s elaborate work out carefully; add more detail or information; ADJ. elated filled with excited joy and pride; overjoyed; in high spirits; joyful and proud; Ex. elated crowd; V. elate; N. elation n elegy poem or song expressing lamentation (for the dead); ADJ. elegiacal, elegiac elicit draw out fact or information (by discussion or from someone) n elixir cure-all; panacea; something invigorating ellipsis omission of words from a text; mark used to indicate an omission (when the meaning can be understood without them); PL. ellipses elliptical elliptic; oval; of an ellipse; containing an ellipsis; ambiguous either purposely or because key words have been left out eloquence expressiveness; persuasive speech; ADJ. eloquent: movingly expressive; expressing ideas well so that the hearers can be influeneced elucidate explain; make clear; clarify; enlighten; CF. lucid elusive evasive; not frank; baffling; hard to grasp, catch, or understand; V. elude: escape from; escape the understanding or grasp of; Ex. elude the hunter; Ex. His name eludes me. n elysian relating to paradise; blissful s Elysium place or condition of bliss emaciated thin and wasted (from hunger or illness) emanate issue forth; come out emancipate set free; liberate embargo ban on commerce or other activity embark commence; go on board a boat; begin a journey embed(imbed) enclose; place in something; fix firmly in a surrounding mass embellish adorn; ornament; enhance as a story (by adding fictitious details) embezzlement taking for one's own use in violation of trust; stealing (of money placed in one's care) s emblazon ornament richly (a shield or flag); N. emblazonment s embody give a bodily form to; incorporate; include n emboss produce a design in raised relief; decorate with a raised design embrace hug; clasp with the arms; adopt or espouse; accept readily; encircle; include; Ex. embrace the cause/socialism; Ex. all-embracing; CF. brace; CF. bracelet s encircle surround embroider decorate with needlework; ornament (a story) with fancy or fictitious details; embellish embroil throw into confusion; involve in strife, dispute, or quarrel; entangle; CF. imbroglio embryonic undeveloped; rudimentary; N. embryo: organism in the early stage of development emend correct (usually a text); N. emendation: correction of errors; improvement n emetic substance causing vomiting; ADJ. n eminent rising above others; high; lofty; distinguished; Ex. eminent position emissary agent (sent on a mission to represent another); messenger emollient soothing or softening remedy (for the skin); ADJ. emolument salary; payment for an office; compensation n empathy ability to identify with another's feelings, ideas, etc.; identification with and understanding of another's feelings; V. empathize; CF. sympathy s compassion sympathy for the suffering of others; ADJ. compassionate empirical based on experience n emulate imitate; rival; try to equal or excel (through imitation) n enamored in love; Ex. enamored of his own beauty; V. enamor: inspire with love encipher encode; convert a message into code; put into cipher enclave territory enclosed within an alien land encomiastic praising; eulogistic; N. encomium: very high praise; eulogy encompass surround; include; Ex. His activities encompass publishing and computers. encroachment gradual intrusion; Ex. I resent all these encroachments on my valuable time; V. encroach: take another's possessions or right gradually or stealthily; intrude; Ex. encroach on/upon encumber burden; N. encumbrance n endearment fond word or act; expression of affection s endear make beloved; Ex. endear her to everyone; ADJ. dear: loved; cherished; high-priced endemic prevailing among a specific group of people or in a specific area or country; peculiar to a particular region or people; CF. pandemic endorse approve; support; write one's signature on the back of; N. endorsement; CF. dorsal endue provide with some quality; endow enduring lasting; surviving; V. endure: bear (pain or suffering) for a long time; remain alive (in spite of difficulties); last; survive energize invigorate; give energy to; make forceful and active enervate weaken; take away energy from enfranchise admit to the rights of citizenship (especially the right to vote); CF. franchise n engage attract; employ; hire; pledge oneself; confront; fight; enter into confliction; interlock; lock together; participate; N. engagement: agreement to marry; arrangement to meet someone or to do something; battle engaging charming; attractive s engaged employed; busy; betrothed; involved in conflict engender cause; produce; give rise to engross occupy fully; absorb enhance increase; make greater (as in value, reputation, or usefulness); improve enigma puzzle; mystery; ADJ. enigmatic: obscure; puzzling s puzzle baffle or confuse by a difficult problem; ponder over a problem in an effort to solve; clarify or solve by reasoning; Ex. puzzle out the answer; N. enjoin command; order; forbid enmity ill will; hatred; hostility n ennui boredom; listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest; CF. annoy enormity hugeness (in a bad sense); excessive wickedness; Ex. enormity of the crime; ADJ. enormous n enrapture please intensely; fill with rapture and delight n ensconce settle comfortably; place comfortably (in a secure place) ensue follow (as a result) entail make necessary; require; necessitate; involve; limit the inheritance of (property) to a specified succession of heirs; Ex. entail A on/upon B n enterprising full of initiative; showing enterprise s enterprise willingness to take new ventures; initiative; business organization; plan (that is difficult or daring); Ex. their latest enterprise to sail round the world in a small boat enthrall capture; enslave; captivate; hold the complete attention of (as if magic); hold spellbound entice lure; persuade to do (something wrong); attract; tempt s mischief behavior (of children) causing trouble with no serious harm; damage; harm; Ex. mischief to the crops; ADJ. mischievous: causing mischief; playfully troublesome entity real being entomology study of insects n entrance put under a spell(condition caused by magical power); carry away(fill with strong feeling) with emotion; put into a trance; fill with delight s trance hypnotic state; ecstatic state; detachment from one's physical surrounding (as in contemplation or daydreaming); CF. transition s hypnosis induced sleeping state; ADJ. hypnotic; V. hypnotize entreat plead; ask earnestly n entree(entr\'ee) entrance; a way in; right to enter; main dish of a meal; Ex. entree into the exclusive circle entrepreneur businessperson (who assumes the risk of a business venture); contractor; ADJ. entrepreneurial enumerate list; mention one by one n enunciate announce; proclaim; utter or speak, especially distinctly; pronounce clearly; articulate; Ex. This theory was first enunciated by him. environ enclose; surround; N. environs: surrounding area (as of a city) n eon(aeon) long period of time; an age; longest division of geologic time containing two or more eras n epaulet(epaulette) ornament worn on the shoulder (of a uniform, etc.) s fringe decorative edge of hanging threads; edge ephemeral short-lived; fleeting s fleet fast; rapid; N. ADJ. fleeting: passing quickly; ephemeral epic long heroic poem, novel, or similar work of art (celebrating the feats of a hero); ADJ: (of stories or events) resembling an epic; grand epicure connoisseur of food and drink; gourmet; ADJ. epicurean; CF. Epicurus s Epicurean believing that pleasure is good and suffering is bad and should be avoided; N. n epigram witty thought or saying, usually short epilogue short speech at conclusion of dramatic work n episodic (of a story or play) loosely connected; made up of separate and loosely connected parts; N. episode: incident in the course of an experience n epistemologist philosopher who studies the nature of knowledge; N. epistemology n epitaph inscription in memory of a dead person (as on a tombstone) n epithet word or phrase characteristically used to describe a person or thing; descriptive phrase to characterize a person (often contemptous) epitome perfect example or embodiment; brief summary; Ex. epitome of good manners; V. epitomize: make an epitome of; be an epitome of; embody epoch period of time equable tranquil; of even calm temper; (of temperature) steady; uniform equanimity calmness of temperament; composure n equestrian rider on horseback; ADJ. equilibrium balance of opposing forces; balance of the mind; equanimity n equine resembling a horse; Ex. equine face equinox period of equal days and nights; the beginning of spring and autumn; Ex. vernal/autumnal equinox; ADJ. equinoctial n equipoise balance; balancing force; equilibrium equitable fair; impartial; OP. inequitable equity fairness; justice; OP. inequity n equivocal (of words or statements) ambiguous; intentionally misleading; (of behavior) questionable; OP. unequivocal n equivocate use equivocal language to deceive people; lie; mislead; attempt to conceal the truth; N. equivocation erode eat away; wear away gradually by abrasion; Ex. The sea erodes the rocks. erotic pertaining to passionate love or sexual love n errant wandering (esp. in search of adventure); straying from proper moral standards; Ex. knight-errant n erratic odd; irregular in movement or behavior; unpredictable erroneous mistaken; wrong; incorrect erudite (of a person or book) learned; full of learning; scholarly; N. erudition escapade prank; flighty conduct; reckless adventure that disobeys rules s prank mischievous trick s flighty (esp. of a woman's behavior) capricious; often changing, esp. from one lover to another; impulsive n eschew avoid habitually; Ex. eschew alcoholic drinks n esoteric hard to understand; known only to the chosen few, esp. initiates; N. esoterica espionage spying n espouse adopt; support (an idea or aim); marry; N. espousal esteem respect; value; judge; N. estranged separated; alienated; V. estrange: alienate (people in a family); N. estrangement n ethereal like a spirit or fairy; unearthly light; heavenly; unusually refined; Ex. She has an ethereal beauty; CF. ether: upper air s airy of air; high in the air; lofty; immaterial; unreal n ethnic relating to races n ethnology study of humankind; study of the different races of human beings; CF. anthropology n ethos underlying character of a culture, group, etc.; character or ideas peculiar to a specific person, group, or culture; Ex. the company ethos etymology study of word parts; study of the origins of words eugenic pertaining to the improvement of race; N. eugenics: study of hereditary improvement of the human race eulogistic praising; full of eulogy n eulogy expression of praise, often on the occasion of someone's death; V. eulogize euphemism mild expression in place of an unpleasant one; ADJ. euphemistic euphony sweet sound; ADJ. euphonious n euphoria feeling of exaggerated or unfounded(ungrounded; baseless) well-being; feeling of great happiness or well-being (when unreasonable); ADJ. euphoriaric euthanasia mercy killing evanescent fleeting; vanishing; soon disappearing; V. evanesce n evasive not frank; trying to hide the truth; eluding; evading; V. evade: avoid (a duty or responsibility) or escape from by deceit evince show clearly n evenhanded impartial; fair evocative tending to call up (emotions, memories) evoke call forth (memory or feeling); Ex. That old film evoked memories of my childhood; N. evocation n ewe female sheep s ram male sheep; V. strike or drive against with a heavy impact exacerbate worsen; aggravate; embitter s embitter make bitter; fill with painful or bitter feelings; make sad and angry; Ex. He was embittered by many disappointments. exacting extremely demanding; Ex. exacting standard of safety s exact demand and obtain by force; Ex. exact a promise from him; N. exaction exalt raise in rank or dignity; praise highly; inspire; Ex. exalt the imagination; ADJ. exalted; N. exaltation n exasperate vex; annoy or make angry (by testing the patience) n exceptionable objectionable; likely to cause dislike; offensive; CF. unexceptionable: entirely acceptable s except exclude; N. exception: objection; exclusion; ADJ. exceptional: unusual; of unusually high quality n excerpt selected passage (written or musical) taken from a longer work; V. n exchequer treasury; Ex. Chancellor of the exchequer s chancellor legal official of high rank; CF. chancellery(chancellory): position of a chancellor s treasure keep as precious; cherish excise cut away; cut out; N: government tax on good produced and used inside a country; N. excision exclaim cry out suddenly; N. exclamation; ADJ. exclamatory n excoriate scold with biting harshness; censure strongly; strip the skin off exculpate clear from blame or guilt n execrable very bad; detestable execrate curse; express abhorrence for; detest execute put into effect; carry out; kill as a lawful punishment; N. execution s executor person designated to execute the terms of a will; ¿¹¼ú ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ Á¦ÀÛÀÚ s executioner person administering capital punishment s executive person having administrative authority; one branch of government executing laws; ADJ: relating to executing s legislature legislating branch of government; CF. legislate: make laws s judiciary judicial branch of government n exegesis explanation, especially of biblical(of the bible) passages exemplary serving as a model; outstanding; Ex. exemplary punishment/behavior; N. exemplar: typical example; model exemplify show by example; furnish an example; serve as an example of; Ex. His pictures exemplify that sort of painting. exempt not subject to a duty or obligation; free from a duty; V. exertion effort; expenditure of much physical work; V. exert oneself: make a great effort s exhale breathe out; OP. inhale exhilarating invigorating and refreshing; cheering; V. exhilarate: make cheerful and excited; Ex. exhilarated by the ride in the sports car n exhort urge (by strong argument or advice); Ex. The general exhorted his men to fight bravely; N. exhortation s urge drive or force forward (by causing impulses); drive to take action; impel; entreat earnestly; Ex. urge horses; N: impulse that prompts action s urgent compelling immediate action; pressing; persistent; importunate; Ex. urgent in his demands exhume dig out of the ground; remove from a grave exigency urgent situation; ADJ. exigent exiguous small in amount; minute n existential pertaining to existence; pertaining to the philosophy of existentialism exodus departure (of a large number of people) exonerate acquit; exculpate; free from blame or guilt exorbitant (of costs or demands) excessive; exceeding reasonable bounds exorcise drive out evil spirits exotic not native; from another part of the world; strange; intriguingly unusual; Ex. exotic flower/dress s intrigue make secret plans; plot; arouse the curiosity of; N: secret scheme; plot; secret love affair n expansive (of a person) outgoing and sociable; broad and extensive; able to increase in size s outgoing sociable; eager to mix socially with others n expatiate talk at length; speak or write in detail expatriate exile; someone who has withdrawn from his native land; V: exile; banish; leave one's country expedient suitable (for a particular purpose although not necessarily morally correct); practical; politic(prudent); N: something expedient expedite hasten; make go faster s expeditious done with speed; quick; N. expedition expenditure payment or expense; expending; something expended; output; Ex. receipt for the expenditure; Ex. expenditure of all the energy expertise specialized knowledge (in a particular field); expert skill expiate make amends for (a sin) n expletive meaningless word; interjection; profane oath; swear-word s interjection exclamation; Ex. ``Ouch'' s swear vow; promise; use profane oaths; use offensive words s swear-word word considered offensive; Ex. ``bloody'' s oath solemn promise; blasphemous use of sacred words to express strong feelings; swear-word; Ex. ``For Christ's sake'' explicate explain in detail; interpret; clarify; CF. explicable explicit totally clear; definite; outspoken exploit brave and successful act; deed or action, particularly a brave deed; CF. crossing the Atlantic ocean exploit make use of, sometimes unjustly; N. exploitation expository explanatory; serving to explain; N. exposition: explaining; exhibition n expostulation protest; remonstrance; reasoning with someone to correct or dissuade; V. expostulate exposure risk, particularly of being exposed to disease or to the elements; unmasking; act of laying something open; Ex. exposure of governmental corruption expound explain n expropriate take possession of (often for public use and without payment) n expunge cancel; remove a word or name (from a book or list); erase expurgate clean; remove offensive parts of a book extant (of something written or painted) still in existence extemporaneous not planned; impromptu; extempore n extenuate weaken; mitigate; lessen the seriousness of (bad behavior) extirpate root up; uproot; destroy completely n extol praise very highly; glorify extort wring from; get money by threats, etc.; obtain by force or threats; CF. extortionate: exorbitant s wring twist (to extract liquid); extract by twisting; wrench painfully (necks or hands) n extradition surrender of prisoner by one state to another; Ex. extradition treaty; V. extradite n extraneous not essential; irrelevant; superfluous; external; coming from the outside; Ex. extraneous details/noise/to the subject n extrapolation projection; conjecture; V. extrapolate: infer (unknown information) from known information extricate free from an entanglement or difficulty; disentangle extrinsic external; not essential or inherent; extraneous; OP. intrinsic extrovert person interested mostly in external objects and actions s mingle mix together in close association n extrude force or push out; thrust out; shape (plastic or metal) by forcing through a die n exuberance overflowing abundance; joyful enthusiasm; flamboyance; lavishness; ADJ. exuberant: high-spirited and lively; growing abundantly and strongly s glow shine brightly without a flame (as of eyes or metals); show redness and heat (in the face) after hard work or because of strong feelings; N: light produced by a heated body; brilliance of a color n exude flow out slowly; discharge (gradually); give forth; N. exudation s ooze (of a thick liquid) pass or flow slowly; N: mud or thick liquid as at the bottom of a river exult rejoice fabricate build; lie; make up (a story) in order to deceive; Ex. fabricate the whole story; CF. fabric: underlying structure; Ex. fabric of society n facade(fa\c{c}ade) front or face (of building); superficial or false appearance facet small plane surface (of a gem(precious stone)); a side n facetious joking (often inappropriately); unserious; humorous n facile easily accomplished; ready or fluent; superficial; not deep; Ex. facile solution to a complex problem; Ex. facile speaker; N. facility: ability to do something easily and well; ease in doing resulting from skill or aptitude; something that facilitates an action; amenity; Ex. with great facility facilitate help bring about; make less difficult facsimile copy n faction party; clique (within a large group); dissension s dissension disagreement of opinions causing strife within a group n factious inclined to form factions; causing dissension n factitious artificial; produced artificially; sham; false; Ex. factitious tears n factotum handyman; person who does all kinds of work; CF. do everything faculty mental or bodily powers; teaching staff fallacious false; based on a fallacy; misleading; N. fallacy: false idea or notion; false reasoning; Ex. popular fallacy; Ex. fallacy of the argument fallible liable to err s falsify make (something written) false by changing n fallow (of land) plowed but not sowed (to improve the quality); uncultivated s sow plant or scatter seed n falter hesitate; weaken in purpose or action; walk or move unsteadily through weakness; N. s stumble trip and almost fall; proceed unsteadily; act falteringly; N. fanaticism excessive zeal; extreme devotion to a belief or cause; N. fanatic; ADJ. fanatic fancied imagined; unreal n fancier breeder or dealer of animals; one who has a special interest, as for raising specific plant or animal n fanciful whimsical; visionary; imaginary; produced by imagination; Ex. fanciful scheme s fancy imagination (of a whimsical or fantastic nature); capricious liking; V: imagine; be fond of; ADJ. decorative; elaborate n fanfare call by bugles or trumpets; showy display; spectacular public display n farce broad comedy; mockery; humorous play full of silly things happening; ADJ. farcical n fastidious difficult to please; squeamish; fussy; finicky s squeamish easily shocked or sickened by unpleasant things; fastidious; Ex. A nurse should not be squeamish. n fatalism belief that events are determined by forces or fates beyond one's control; ADJ. fatalistic; CF. fatal: causing death fathom comprehend; investigate; determine the depth of; N. unit of measurement for the depth of water s fathomless too deep to be measured or understood; unfathomable n fatuous smugly and unconsciously foolish; inane; silly; N. fatuity, fatuousness fauna animals of a period or region; CF. flora n fawning courting favor by cringing and flattering; V. fawn: exhibit affection as a dog; seek favor or attention by obsequiousness s court attempt to gain; seek; woo; risk; behave so as to invite; attempt to gain the favor of by attention; Ex. court disaster n faze disconcert; dismay; embarrass feasible practical; able to be carried out; practicable n febrile feverish n fecundity fertility; fruitfulness; ADJ. fecund: very productive of crops or young s fertile producing many young, fruits, or seeds; (of land) producing good crops; V. fertilize s fruitful producing results; profitable; prolific; producing in abundance feign pretend n feint trick; shift; sham blow; feigned attack to draw away defensive action; V. s shift change position or place; exchange (one thing) for another; change in direction or position; Ex. shift the stolen goods; N. group of workers which takes turns with other groups; working period of such a group n felicitous (of a word or remark) apt; suitably expressed; well chosen n felicity happiness; appropriateness (of a remark, choice, etc.); quality of being felicitous s feline of a member of the cat family; N. n fell cruel; (of a disease) deadly n fell cut or knock down (a tree or a person); bring down (with a missile) felon person convicted of a grave crime; CF. felony: serious crime n feral (of an animal) not domestic; wild n ferment agitation; commotion(noisy and excited activity); unrest (of a political kind); V. produce by fermentation; undergo fermentation; cause (a state of trouble) s fermentation chemical reaction that splits complex organic compounds; unrest; agitation n ferret drive or hunt out of hiding; hunt with ferrets; drive out (as from a hiding place); expel; uncover or discover by searching; Ex. ferret out the secret; N. small fierce animal which catches rats and rabbits by going into their holes n fervent ardent; zealous; hot n fervid ardent; zealous; hot s impassioned (of speech) filled with passion; fervent n fervor glowing ardor; intensity of feeling; quality of being fervent or fervid; zeal; intense heat n fester rankle; produce irritation or resentment; (of a cut or wound) generate pus or rot; Ex. His insult festered in my mind for days. festive joyous; celebratory; relating to a feast or festival n fete(f\^ete) honor at a festival; celebrate or honor with a feast; N. (outdoor) festival or feast; CF. feast n fetid(foetid) malodorous; foul s foul very bad or disagreeable; very dirty; Ex. foul smell/flavor/temper/language/air/deed/weather/means; N. act against the rules; V. make or become foul; commit a foul s fetish(fetich) object believed to have spiritual powers; object of excessive attention or reverence; CF. fetishism n fetter shackle; restrict the freedom of; N. chain or shackle for the foot of a prisoner; CF. foot n fiasco total failure; CF. bottle n fiat command; arbitrary order; Ex. presidential fiat; CF. let it be done fickle changeable (in affections or friendship); faithless n fictitious imaginary; non-existent; purposely invented to deceive; untrue; Ex. fictitious name/boyfriend; CF. fictional fidelity loyalty; accuracy n figment invention; something invented; imaginary thing; Ex. figment of your imagination figurative not literal but metaphorical; using a figure(impression) of speech s figure written symbols; number; amount represented in numbers; outline or silhouette of a thing or human body; person (well-known); impression; diagram; pattern; group in a dance;