| Anatolia | The peninsula between the Mediterranean and the Black Seas that is now occupied by most of Turkey; also called Asia Minor |
| Ashurbanipal | An Assyrian king who told people to bring back writings and collected about 20,000 cuniform tablets were now found form him. Made a huge library in Nineveh |
| city-state | A city and it's nearby farmlands -- A political area that works together for a common goal |
| civilization | A human society with advanced level of development in social and political organization and in the arts and sciences |
| Code of law | A set of written rules for people to obey |
| domesticate | To raise or tend an animal or plant to be the use to humans |
| drought | A period of little rainfall in which it makes it difficult to grow crops |
| empire | A group of territories and peoples brought together under one supreme leader |
| exile | Forced removal of one's homeland; banned for life |
| Fertile Crescent | An area of rich soil in the Middle East, stretching from the Mediterranian Sea through Mesopotamia to the Persian Gulf |
| Floodplain | Flat land bordering water or lake |
| geography | the study of earth and its people |
| government | A system for creating order and providing leadership. Laws and rules and maintaining order in an effort to promote the economy. |
| Hammurabi | The ruler of the Babylonian empire from 1792 to 1750 B.C. and created the first legal code of laws. |
| hunter-gatherers | A person who gathers food and hunts animals and moves when food gets scarce |
| Irrigation | To dig ditches to water your crops. |
| justice | Fair treatment of people, in keeping with the law |
| king | The highest ranking leader of a group |
| Lucy | The first human, the first human who left remains of her bones. She lived around 3.5 million years ago. |
| Mesolithic Age | The middle stone age, lasted from 10,000 B.C. to 6000 B.C. when we startedto control fire and develope language. |
| Mesopotamia | The land between two rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
| Migration | To move from one place to another |
| Neanderthals | (Homo Neanderthalensis) were a extinct species or subspecies ( Homo Sapiens) that lived in the middle Paleolithic Age |
| Neolithic Age | The new stone age lasted from 8000 to 3000 B.C. and is was the begining of weaving and pottery |
| Paleolithic Age | The old stone age 2.5 million - 8000 B.C. was known for the use of stone tools |
| Plow | Was created by the Sumerians in 6000 B.C. |
| polytheism | the belief in more than one God |
| province | A subdivision of an empire or country |
| religeon | The worship of god,gods, or spirits |
| Royal Road | A road built for the empire which king Darius built and was 1,775 miles long. |
| satraps | the governor of a province in the ancient Persian Empire. Tax collectors |
| silt | fine,fertile soil deposited by a river. |
| slash and burn | Cutting down vegetation then burning it to create fine soil to grow crops |
| social class | A group of people with the same parents jobs for example a warrior or farmer |
| Sumer | An ancient region of southern Mesopotamia which rose around 3300 B.C. The first empire that ruled in Mesopotamia and is credited with inventing writing. |
| Surplus | An extra of something. |
| Technology | the use of one's mind to create what is neaded. |
| tribute | A payment of money or goods by one ruler to another in order to ensure protection |
| wheel | 3500 B.C. |
| ziggurat | An ancient Sumerian or Babylonian temple that rose in steplike levels and was used to observe the stars.It was like a city center |
| Why are there 20 provinces | The land was to big so king Darius had to brake the land up to be organized |
| Complex Village | A lot of people,homes,public buildings,religious center,education, and trade |
| What makes a Government? | King/Queen,Education,Warriors, People to rule,someone to enforce rules,legal laws,scribes,record keeping |
| growth of trade | Surpluses lead to the growth of trade because they had extra and they needed something else so they would trade |
| how did Darius unite an empire? | He built the Royal Road. He could transport his armies and collect taxes. he always expanded his empire with conquests. |
| 6 big ideas | Government,Geography,Culture,Beleif Sytems, Science and Technology,Economics |
| 5 traits of civilization | Advanced Technology,Advanced Cities,Record Keeping,Complex Institutions,Specialized workers |
| 7 countries of Central America | Belize,Costa Rica,El Salvador,Guatamala,Hondouras,Nicuragua,Panama |
| 4 types of homonids | Austrolopithecine,Homo Habilis,Homo Erectus,Homo Sapiens |
| 5 themes of geography | Location,Place,Region,Movement,Human-Enviromental Interaction |
| Farming started | 8000 B.C.E. to 5000 B.C.E. |
| Who were the Sumer? | They are the first civilization,which rose around 3300 B.C..They created bronze,the week,and writing(cuniform).The Sargon took over after. |
| Examples of traits | Advanced cities;Kish,Nippur,Ur.Specialized workers;preist,king,artisan.merchants, educators, investors Complex institutions;the temple,army,schools.Record keeping;writing cunieform, pictograph.Advanced technology;irrigation,bronze tools,cuniform,days of week.wheel and plow |
| Sumerian writing | cuniform |
| What type of rule did Cyrus have? | toleration |
| Nebuchadnezzar | A Babylonian king who conquered Jerusalem,and built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon |
| South America | Argentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Chile,Columbia,Ecuador,French Guiana,Guyana,Paraguay,Peru,Surinam,Uruguay,Venezuela |
| Hanging Gardens of Babylon | Built by king Nebuchadnezzar, a huge jungle tower.It is one of the seven wonders of the world. |
| Assyrians | They are the next group to take over the Fertile Crescent after the Sargon.Their king was king Ashurbanipal.They were defeated by the Medes and the Chaldeans. |
| Chaldeans | The new Babylonians, their king was king Nebuchadnezzar. |
| Ashurbanipal | The Assyrian king.He collected many writings and many of them were found. |
| Hammurabi's purpose of his code | He made laws so there is justice. |
| Sargon | The first empire,aka the Akkadian empire.Hammurabi was their king. |
| six island nations | cuba, haita, dom. rep, jamaica, bahamas, trinidad and tobago. |
| Greatest basketball team | Duke |
| What important inventions came from mesopotamia | Wheel, plow, writing, law codes, irrigation, days of the week, 60 minutes, 60 seconds |
| Why was Cyrus better than Darius? | Darius was consumed with conquest and not focusing on keeping everyone happy by practicing tolerance |
| Persian Empire | extended from India to Greece and help introduce the ideas of organization and importance of toleration and roads |
| What is the world's largest desert | antarctica |
| What is the largest river in Egypt? | Nile |