| beclomethasone | synthetic glucocorticoid that readily penetrates the airway mucosa, used for asthma |
| thioridazine | low potency dopamine receptor blocker |
| thioridazine | side effects are retinal deposits, torsades, postural hypotension, sedation, CNS depression |
| valproic acid | causes neural tube defects |
| valproic acid | used to treat all kinds of seizures, as well as bipolar disorder |
| zolpidem | binds benzodiazepine receptors, antagonized by flumazenil |
| zolpidem | hypnotic drug that is not a benzodiazepine |
| amphetamines | indirect sympathomimetic MOA |
| cocaine | inhibits catecholamine reuptake, resulting in cardiotox and hypertension |
| disulfiram | inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing an accumulation of acetaldehyde |
| flunitrazepam | benzodiazepine used as a date rape drug |
| lysergic acid diethylamide | hallucinogenic, nausea, weakness |
| mescaline | hallucinogenic, nausea, weakness |
| psilocybin | hallucinogenic, nausea, weakness |
| marijuana | lowers intraocular pressure in glaucoma |
| methadone | treatment of opiod withdrawal |
| opioid withdrawal syndrome | nausea, chills, sweats, lacrimation, cramps, rhinorrhea, yawning, piloerection, diarrhea, tremor |
| MPTP | destroys dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal tract |
| morphine | binds mu receptors |
| enkephalin | binds delta receptors |
| dynorphins | bind kappa receptors |
| opioid overdose | constricted pupils, clammy skin, nausea, drowsiness, resp depression |
| phencyclidine (pcp) | nystagmus, hypertension, seizure |
| acetaminophen | COX inhibitor which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis |
| acetaminophen | analgesic, antipyretic (but not anti-inflammatory) |
| allopurinol | suicide inhibition of xanthine oxidase |
| allopurinol | increases xanthine and hypoxanthine, which are less likely to form crystals than uric acid |
| allopurinol | slows production of uric acid, used to treat gout (and cancer) |
| aspirin | PGE inhibitor |
| aspirin | predisposes to acute gastritis by inhibiting PGE in the stomach |
| aspirin | irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase |
| aspirin | analgesic, antipyretic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory |
| capsaicin | impairs release of substance P |
| capsaicin | used topically for RA |
| celecoxib | COX-2 inhibitor |
| rofecoxib | COX-2 inhibitor |
| celecoxib | sulfa drug |
| rofecoxib | sulfa drug |
| colchicine | inhibits microtubule assembly, and therefore leukocyte migration and phagocytosis |
| colchicine | leukocyte inhibitor used to treat attacks of gouty arthritis |
| cyclosporin | binds to cyclophilins and inhibits the transcription of cytokine genes |
| tacrolimus | binds to the immunophilin FK-binding protein |
| cyclosporin | impairs T cell IL-2 production, used in transplant patients |
| tacrolimus | used in transplant patients |
| etanercept | a fusion product of TNF-alpha receptor and Fc portion of antibody |
| infliximab | binds and inhibits TNF-alpha |
| etanercept | used in RA and inflammatory bowel disease |
| gold salts | nephrotoxic |
| gold salts | used in RA |
| gold salts | decreases lysosomal and macrophage function |
| ibuprofen | similar to aspirin, lacks antiplatelet effects |
| ibuprofen | reversibly inhibits COX |
| indomethacin | potent NSAID used to close a PDA |
| PGE | used to maintain a PDA in congenital heart disease |
| ketorolac | parenteral NSAID |
| meperidine | causes relaxation of the sphincter of oddi |
| meperidine | causes increased ICP |
| opiods | causes biliary spasm |
| sumatriptan | binds the serotonin 1D receptor |
| sumatriptan | causes vasoconstriction of cerebral vasculature |
| sumatriptan | used for acute migraine and cluster headaches |
| thalidomide | used to treat SLE, multiple myeloma, and leprosy |
| thalidomide | suppresses production of TNF-alpha |
| thalidomide | potent immunosuppressant |
| statins | may cause elevated liver enzymes |
| statins | may cause myositis |
| statins | may cause increased CK from skeletal muscle |
| reserpine | enters the CNS and may cause suicidal depression and parkinsonian symptoms |
| reserpine | antihypertensive agent that blocks the storage and release of catecholamines and serotonin from neurons |
| probucol | decreases HDL as well as LDL |
| probucol | prevents restenosis after angioplasty |
| probucol | acts as an antioxidant |
| nitroglycerin | postural hypotension, headache, flushing |
| nitroglycerin | causes increase in cGMP in vascular smooth muscle |
| niacin | directly reduces secretion of VLDLs |
| niacin | increases HDL |
| niacin | causes cutaneous flushing |
| vincristine | M phase inhibitor |
| vincristine | blocks microtubule polymerization and spindle formation |
| ABVD | adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine |
| MOPP | mechlorethamine, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone |
| vincristine | used for lymphomas, wilms tumor, and choriocarinomas |
| heparin | activates AT3 |
| heparin | inactivates thrombin |
| protamine sulfate | reverses effects of heparin |
| trastuzumab | binds to receptor tyrosine kinase Erb-B2 (HER-2) |
| trastuzumab | used for HER-2 positive breast cancer |
| tamoxifen | estrogen receptor partial antagonist |
| tamoxifen | increases risk of endometrial carcinoma |
| rituximab | binds CD20 antigen on B cells |
| rituximab | treatment of non-hodgkin lymphoma |
| prednisone | triggers apoptosis |
| prednisone | treatment for leukemia, lymphoma, RA, asthma |
| paclitaxel | prevents mitotic spindle breakdown |
| paclitaxel | interferes with anaphase |
| paclitaxel | microtubule stabilizing agent |
| methotrexate | S phase inhibitor |
| methotrexate | inhibits DHFR |
| leucovorin | treats myelosuppression |
| methotrexate | folic acid analog |
| mercaptopurine (6-MP) | activated by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) |
| mercaptopurine (6-MP) | inhibits many enzymes involved in purine metabolism |
| leuprolide | treatment for endometriosis |
| leuprolide | treatment for BPH and precocious puberty |
| leuprolide | stimulates release of FSH and LH |
| leuprolide | GnRH agonist used to treat prostate cancer |
| interferon alpha | produced by virally infected cells to prevent infection of adjacent cells |
| interferon alpha | used to treat CML, malignant myeloma, kaposi sarcoma, hairy cell leukemia |
| interferon alpha | recombinantly produced cytokine |
| flutamide | used to antagonize residual androgens after orchiectomy |
| flutamide | side effects include gynecomastia and libido changes |
| flutamide | androgen receptor antagonist |
| fluorouracil | S phase antimetabolite |
| fluorouracil | causes myelosuppression |
| fluorouracil | inhibits thymidylate synthase |
| fluorouracil | used to treat colon cancer and basal cell carcinoma |
| etoposide | G2 phase inhibitor |
| etoposide | causes double stranded breaks in DNA |
| etoposide | inhibits topoisomerase II |
| etoposide | used to treat small cell carcinoma of the lung and prostate and testicular cancers |
| doxorubicin | intercalates in DNA to reduce replication and transcription |
| doxorubicin | causes dilated cardiomyopathy |
| daunorubicin | used to treat AML |
| cyclophosphamide | causes hemorrhagic cystitis |
| cyclophosphamide | alkylating agent used to treat cancers |
| cisplatin | alkylating agent |
| cisplatin | causes nephrotoxicity and acoustic nerve damage |
| carmustine | alkylating agent that causes DNA cross-linking and strand breaks |
| carmustine | used to treat brain tumors, highly lipophilic nitrosourea drug |
| bleomycin | mixture of glycoproteins that produce free radicals upon binding DNA |
| bleomycin | causes strand breaks in DNA |
| bleomycin | G2 phase inhibitor |
| bleomycin | can cause pulmonary fibrosis |
| anastrozole | inhibitor of steroid synthesis |
| anastrozole | inhibits conversion of androstenedione to estrone |
| aminoglutethimide | blocks conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone |
| anastrazole | aromatase inhibitor |
| zidovudine | inhibits viral reverse transcriptase |
| zidovudine | chain terminator |
| zidovudine | given to prevent transmission of HIV to neonates |
| vancomycin | used to treat MRSA |
| vancomycin | used to treat c. difficile |
| vancomycin | rapid IV infusion causes red man syndrome |
| TMP-SMX | blocks folate synthesis |
| TMP-SMX | can cause megaloblastic anemia |
| TMP-SMX | do not give to pts with G6PDH deficiency |
| trimethoprim | blocks DHFR |
| sulfamethoxazole | blocks dihydropteroate synthase |
| tetracycline | inhibits 30s ribosome |
| tetracycline | bacteriostatic drug |
| tetracycline | CI in pregnant women due to bone dysplasia and dental enamel defects |
| streptogramins | p450 inhibitor |
| streptogramins | arthralgias and myalgias |
| streptogramins | used to treat MRSA and VRE |
| rifampin | inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
| rifampin | imparts red-orange color to secretions |
| ribavirin | guanosine analog |
| ribavirin | inibits steps in RNA synthesis |
| ribavirin | used to treat viral hemorrhagic fevers and hepatitis C |
| ribavirin | used to treat RSV |
| quinine | blocks DNA replication and RNA transcription in p. falciparum within RBCs |
| quinine | causes cinchonism |
| cinchonism | headache, vertigo, blurry vision, tinnitus |
| mefloquine | used for prophylaxis of p. falciparum due to low SE |
| quinine | used for malaria |
| pyrantel pamoate | stimulates nicotinic receptors in nematodes |
| praziquantel | used for fluke and tapeworm infections |
| polymyxin b | cationic detergent that disrupts bacterial membranes |
| polymyxin b | causes neurotoxicity and acute tubular necrosis |
| polymyxin b | only used topically |
| penicillins | inhibits transpeptidation step in bacterial cell wall synthesis |
| oseltamivir | neuraminidase inhibitor that prevent viral spreading |
| oseltamivir | used against influenza a |
| nystatin | disrupts fungal membrane permeability by binding to ergosterol |
| nystatin | used to treat oral candidiasis and diaper rash |
| nitrofurantoin | can cause hemolysis in G6PDH deficient patients |
| nitrofurantoin | can accumulate to toxic levels in patients with renal failure |
| nitrofurantoin | urinary antiseptic that requires acidification |
| nifurtimox | used to treat chagas disease |
| nevirapine | NNRTI used to treat HIV |
| neomycin | used to treat hepatic encephalopathy |
| neomycin | prevents accumulation of nitrogenous microbial metabolites |
| metronidazole | activated by anaerobes and parasites |
| metronidazole | interferes with nucleic acid synthesis |
| metronidazole | used to treat amebiasis, trichomoniasis, giariasis, and c. diff |
| methicillin | bulky R-group prevents degradation by penicillinase |
| nafcillin | bulky R-group prevents degradation by penicillinase |
| dicloxacillin | bulky R-group prevents degradation by penicillinase |
| methi, naf, diclox | beta lactams |
| mebendazole | inhibits microtubule synthesis and glucose uptake by helminths |
| mebendazole | used to treat pinworms |
| albuterol | selective b2 agonist |
| atenolol | selective b1 blocker |
| acebutolol | selective b1 blocker |
| metoprolol | selective b1 blocker |
| detromethrophan | depresses cough center in the medulla |
| metoclopramide | facilitates acetylcholine while blocking dopamine in the enteric nervous system |
| metoclopramide | SE are sedation, diarrhea, extrapyramidal symptoms |
| metoclopramide | prokinetic agent used to block emesis |
| metoclopramide | blocks D2 receptors in the area postrema |
| misoprostol | PGE analog |
| misoprostol | decreases gastric acid production, increases mucus production |
| misoprostol | eicosanoid preparation used for pts taking lots of NSAIDs |
| omeprazole | H/K ATPase inhibitor |
| ondansetron | serotonin-3 inhibitor that acts at the area postrema |
| sucralfate | requires acidic environment to polymerize |
| sucralfate | cannot be used with antacids or H2 blockers |
| folic acid | will correct anemia but not neuro sx associated with b12 deficiency |
| EPO | recombinant drug used for anemia |
| aminocaproic acid | orally active inhibitor of plasminogen activation |
| aminocaproic acid | inhibits fibrinolysis |
| aminocaproic acid | used for acute bleeding in hemophilic patients |
| abciximab | antibody against glycoprotein 2b/3a receptor |
| abciximab | prevents platelet activation |
| abciximab | anticoagulant preventing restenosis after angioplasty |
| benztropine | antimuscarinic |
| benztropine | CI are prostatic hyperplasia, GI obstruction, glaucoma |
| benztropine | antimuscarinic used to treat tremors and rigidity in parkinsons, but does nothing for bradykinesia |
| RhoGAM | antibody to Rh(D) antigen that opsonizes |
| probenecid | competes with uric acid for reabsorption in the proximal tubule |
| probenecid | inhibits secretion of weak acids |
| sulfinpyrazone | acts simliarly to probenecid |
| methylsergide | blocks serotonin receptors |
| methylsergide | causes fibroplasia of retroperitoneum and subendocardium |
| methylsergide | used to prevent migraines |
| daclizumab | binds IL-2 receptor on activated T cells |
| daclizumab | used for patients with renal allografts |
| bromocriptine | D2 agonist |
| bromocriptine | inhibits PRL release |
| diphenhydramine | inhibit histamine binding to H1 receptors |
| diphenhydramine | causes drowsiness |
| diphenhydramine | used for allergies and motion sickness |
| cromolyn sodium | stabilizes mast cell membrane |
| lithium | inhibits IP3 and DAG |
| lithium | causes tremor, hypothyroidism, polydipsia, polyuria |
| methylphenidate | stimulates the release of catecholamines |
| phenytoin | inducer of p450 |
| carbamazepine | inducer of p450 |
| griseofulvin | inducer of p450 |
| rifampin | inducer of p450 |
| barbiturates | inducer of p450 |
| penicillins | bactericidal |
| cephalosporins | bactericidal |
| vancomycin | bactericidal |
| aminoglycosides | bactericidal |
| fluoroquinolones | bactericidal |
| metronidazole | bactericidal |
| calcium channel blockers | causes cutaneous flushing |
| adenosine | causes cutaneous flushing |
| vancomycin | causes cutaneous flushing |
| metronidazole | causes disulfiram-like reaction |
| cephalosporins | causes disulfiram-like reaction |
| procarbazine | causes disulfiram-like reaction |
| nitrous oxide | has a high MAC |
| phenelzine | MAOI |
| tranylcypromine | MAOI |
| isocarboxazid | MAOI |
| MAOI + SSRI | serotonin syndrome |
| MAOI | inhibits breakdown of amine neurotransmitters |
| mebendazole | microtubule inhibitor |
| thiabendazole | microtubule inhibitor |
| paclitaxel | microtubule inhibitor |
| vincristine | microtubule inhibitor |
| colchicine | microtubule inhibitor |
| griseofulvin | microtubule inhibitor |
| hydralazine | SLE like syndrome |
| procainamide | SLE like syndrome |
| isoniazid | SLE like syndrome |
| phenytoin | SLE like syndrome |
| halothane | massive hepatic necrosis |
| acetaminophen | massive hepatic necrosis |
| valproic acid | massive hepatic necrosis |
| cimetidine | p450 inhibitor |
| ketoconazole | p450 inhibitor |
| erythromycin | p450 inhibitor |
| cimetidine | gynecomastia |
| ketoconazole | gynecomastia |
| spironolactone | gynecomastia |
| bleomycin | pulmonary fibrosis |
| amiodarone | pulmonary fibrosis |
| busulfan | pulmonary fibrosis |
| aminoglycosides | ototoxic and nephrotoxic |
| loop diuretics | ototoxic and nephrotoxic |
| cisplatin | ototoxic and nephrotoxic |
| vancomycin | mildly ototoxic and nephrotoxic |
| penicillamine | used to treat wilson disease |
| penicillamine | used to treat RA |
| penicillamine | used to treat copper toxicity bc it is a chelator |
| organophosphates | anticholinesterases used in chemical warfare |
| pralidoxime | antidote for anticholinesterases such as organophosphates |
| naloxone | mu opioid receptor antagonist |
| naloxone | used to treat opioid overdose |
| phenobarbital | binds GABA receptors |
| phenobarbital | increases the duration of chloride channel opening |
| phenobarbital | used to treat tonic-clonic seizures and crigler-najjar |
| phenytoin | interferes with folate absorption |
| phenytoin | SE are gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, anemia, and birth defects |
| phenytoin | class 1b antiarrhythmic |
| risperidone | blocks D2 and serotonin-2 receptors |
| risperidone | causes high sedation |
| risperidone | atypical antipsychotic with lots of extrapyramidal SE |
| ropinirole | forestalls the use of levodopa in parkinson's disease |
| methanol | causes damage by being converted to formaldehyde in the liver |
| methanol | retinal damage, blindness, metabolic acidosis, coma |
| flumazenil | antagonizes benzodiazepines and zolpidem |
| flumazenil | used for benzodiazepine overdose |
| ethylene glycol | causes metabolic acidosis and precipitation of oxalate crystals in the kidney |
| dimercaprol | chelates metals to keep them from damaging proteins |
| succimer | orally active metal chelator |
| dimercaprol | used to treat heavy metal poisoning |
| digibind | fab fragment antibody |
| deferoxamine | rapid infusion causes hypotensive shock |
| deferoxamine | used to treat acute iron toxicity |
| dantrolene | decreases the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| dantrolene | used to treat malignant hyperthermia |
| selegiline | inhibits MAO-B |
| MAO-B | degrades dopamine |
| selegiline | inhibits degradation of dopamine in CNS, used with levodopa for parkinson's |
| thiopental | ultra-short acting barbiturate used to induce surgical anesthesia |
| alprazolam | intermediate-acting benzodiazepine used for panic disorder and phobias |
| n-acetylcysteine | protects against fulminant hepatic failure |
| n-acetylcysteine | used for acetaminophen overdose |
| carvedilol | used for CHF |
| carvedilol | nonselective beta blocker and alpha-1 blocker |
| amiodarone | blocks sodium channels |
| amiodarone | corneal microdeposits |
| amiodarone | class III antiarrythmic |
| adenosine | short acting agent given IV for AV nodal arrhythmias |
| spironolactone | potassium sparing diuretic |
| spironolactone | aldosterone antagonist |
| spironolactone | functions at the collecting tubule |
| nitroprusside | stimulates guanyl cyclase |
| nitroprusside | increases cGMP in vascular smooth muscle |
| minoxidil | direct-acting vasodilator |
| minoxidil | used topically bc of benefit of hypertrichosis |
| cholestyramine | bind bile acids to prevent enterohepatic recycling |
| fexofenadine | nonsedating antihistaminic |
| loratadine | nonsedating antihistaminic |
| ipratropium | dry mouth side effect |
| ipratropium | antimuscarinic for COPD and asthma |
| salmeterol | may cause tremors and arrhythmias |
| theophylline | methylxanthine used for asthma |
| theophylline | inhibits phosphodiesterase |
| theophylline | inhibits conversion of cAMP to AMP |
| octreotide | used to treat carcinoid, gastrinoma, somatotropic pituitary adenoma |
| propylthiouracil | inhibits iodination step of thyroid hormone synthesis |
| methimazole | same as PTU but crosses placenta and enters breast milk |
| raloxifene | estrogen partial agonist |
| raloxifene | does not increase the risk of endometrial cancer |
| tamoxifen | increases risk of endometrial cancer |
| repaglinide | rapid onset sulfonylurea |
| repaglinide | binds potassium channels to facilitate insulin release |
| glitazones | increase insulin sensitivity |
| glitazones | stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor |
| troglitazone | hepatotoxic |
| sulfonylureas | stimulate closure of potassium channels |
| sulfonylureas | glyburide and glipizide |
| sulfonylureas | cause release of preformed insulin |
| acyclovir | used to treat herpes |
| acyclovir | guanosine analog |
| acyclovir | activated by thymidine kinase of the virus it treats |
| acyclovir | functions as a chain terminator when incorporated into viral DNA |
| amantadine | prophylaxis against influenza A and rubella |
| amantidine | inhibits fusion of viral particles within endosome of the cell |
| amantidine | not effective against influenza B |
| amantidine | binds to M2 protein |
| amphotericin B | disrupts fungal membranes by binding ergosterol |
| mifepristone | blocks binding of progesterone to cytoplasmic receptors |
| ampicillin | extended spectrum penicillin used to treat gram negatives |
| aztreonam | b-lactamase resistant monobactam |
| aztreonam | used only with aminoglycosides against gram negative rods |
| aztreonam | cannot be used against gram positives or anaerobic bacteria |
| bacitraicin | inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis |
| piperacillin | used against enterobacter and pseudomonas |
| carbenicillin | used against enterobacter and pseudomonas |
| ticarcillin | used against enterobacter and pseudomonas |
| ceftriaxone | used for septic meningitis |
| cefixime | used to treat gonnorhea |
| chloramphenicol | gray baby syndrome in babies deficient in hepatic gluconosyltransferase |
| chloramphenicol | aplastic anemia |
| fludrocortisone | used in postadrenalectomy therapy |
| chloroquine | primary drug for acute malaria |
| chloroquine | disrupts hemoglobin breakdown, with toxic accumulation of heme in RBC |
| clavulanic acid | beta lactamase inhibitor |
| sulbactam | beta lactamase inhibitor |
| tazobactam | beta lactamase inhibitor |
| clindamycin | bacteriostatic at the 50s ribosome |
| clindamycin | treatment of bacteroides |
| didanosine (ddI) | dose-limiting pancreatitis |
| lamivudine | inhibits reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B |
| erythromycin | bacteriostatic inhibitor of 50s |
| erythromycin | macrolide |
| azithromycin | macrolide |
| clarithromycin | macrolide |
| erythromycin | GI irritation and acute cholestatic hepatitis |
| metformin | biguanide compound |
| metformin | increases peripheral glycolysis |
| clomiphene | blocks negative feedback at the pituitary |
| cosyntropin | used for diagnosis of addison's disease |
| danazol | inhibitor of p450 |
| danazol | used for endometriosis and fibrocystic disease of the breast |
| desmopressin | selective V2 agonist |
| vasopression | V1 and V2 agonist |
| vasopressin | used to treat esophageal varices |
| DES | clear cell carcinoma of the vagina in daughters |
| ethinyl estradiol/mestranol | lowers risk of coronary disease, slows osteoporosis, ameliorates hot flashes |
| HRT | increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer |
| zileutin | inhibits leukotriene synthesis |
| monteleukast | LTD4 and LTE4 antagonist |
| acarbose | inhibits a-galactosidase |
| bisphosphonates | esophageal ulcerations |
| bromocriptine | used to treat hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary adenoma |
| bromocriptine | ergot alkaloid |
| diphenoxylate | suppress GI motility |
| loperamide | suppress GI motility |
| cisapride | stimulates peristalsis by release of Ach from myenteric plexus |
| cisapride | long QT |
| magnesium hydroxide | laxative antacid |
| aluminum hydroxide | constipating antacid |
| ipecac syrup | acts to stimulate chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla |
| cimetidine | gynecomastia and galactorrhea |
| cimetidine | p450 inhibitor |
| calcium carbonate | hypercalcemic alkalosis |
| calcium carbonate | renal calculi |
| bismuth subsalicylate | used with metronidazole and tetracycline for PUD caused by h.pylori |
| warfarin | interferes with vitamin K dependent clotting factors |
| alteplase | converts fibrin-bound plasminogen to plasmin |
| ticlopidine | platelet antiaggregant |
| ticlopidine | interferes with binding of fibrin to Gp2b/3a receptor on platelets |
| streptokinase | catalyzes conversion of plasminogen to plasmin |
| fluconazole | inhibits formation of ergosterol |
| fluconazole | prophylaxis against cryptococcus neoformans |
| fluconazole | used to treat oral candidiasis |
| fluoroquinolones | bactericidal inhibitor of DNA gyrase |
| fluoroquinolones | used for gram negative rods, some gram positives, and neisseria |
| fluoroquinolones | bad for cartilage |
| sargramostim | recombinant GM-CSF |
| filgrastim | G-CSF |
| hydroxyurea | used for sickle cell crisis |
| hydroxyurea | increases levels of HbF |
| hydroxyurea | inhbits DNA synthesis by blocking conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides |
| foscarnet | treats CMV |
| foscarnet | inhibits viral DNA polymerase |
| ganciclovir | metabolized by viral transferases |
| ganciclovir | requires phosphorylation by viral kinases to work |
| ganciclovir | guanosine analog converted by CMV to triphosphorylated form |
| ganciclovir | SE: neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia |
| griseofulvin | keratinized tissue |
| griseofulvin | ringworm |
| griseofulvin | binds tubulin |
| carbapenem | given with cliastatin |
| carbapenem | used against gram positive cocci, gram negative rods, and anaerobes |
| ritonavir | inhibit protease in the HIV pol gene |
| isoniazid | inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid |
| isoniazid | SE neuritis and hepatitis |
| ethambutol | TB |
| pyrazinamide | TB |
| rifampin | TB |
| streptomycin | TB |
| sulfonamides | stevens-johnson |
| ethosuxamide | stevens-johnson |
| lamotrigine | stevens-johnson |
| penicillins | erythema multiforme |
| barbiturates | erythema multiforme |
| salicylates | erythema multiforme |
| hydantoins | erythema multiforme |
| antimalarials | erythema multiforme |
| sulfonamides | G6PDH |
| isoniazid | G6PDH |
| primaquine | G6PDH |
| tetracycline | photosensitivity |
| amiodarone | photosensitivity |
| sulfonamides | photosensitivity |
| bethanechol | muscarinic agonist |
| carbachol | nicotinic and muscarinic agonist |
| ephedrine | ma-huang |
| phenoxybenzamine | adrenergic antagonist (alpha receptors) |
| phentolamine | used in diagnosing pheochromocytoma |
| ivermectin | onchocera volvulus and strongyloides stercoralis |
| ivermectin | increases GABA transmission in the worm |
| ketoconazole | interfere with fungal cell wall synthesis |
| pilocarpine | treatment of glaucoma |
| pilocarpine | muscarinic agonist |
| prazosin | first dose syncope |
| prazosin | miosis |
| pyridostigmine | used for tubocurarine toxicity |
| scopolamine | competitive cholinergic antagonist used for motion sickness |
| succinylcholine | muscle relaxant |
| succinylcholine | nicotinic agonist that opens sodium channels |
| tubocurarine | nondepolarizing neuromuscular ganglionic blockers |
| acetazolamide | inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule |
| acetazolamide | metabolic acidosis |
| acetazolamide | give to alkalinize the urine in aspirin toxicity |
| amiloride | block sodium channels in the cortical collecting tubules |
| amiloride | hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis |
| captopril | inhibit breakdown of bradykinin |
| ketamine | should be given with benzodiazepines |
| gabapentin | partial seizures |
| ethosuxamide | inhbits T-type calcium channels |
| entacapone | inhibits conversion of levodopa to 3-0-methyldopa |
| HCTZ | hypokalemia, alkalosis, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia |
| captopril | functions at the collecting tubules |
| losartan | functions at the collecting tubules |
| losartan | CI in pregnancy |
| captopril | CI in pregnancy |