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Flashcards: Egyptology

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silt	Made up of clay, soil and minerals. Great for farming.
delta	land made by deposits of silt, sand, small stones--At mouth of a river.
economy	how a country uses its workers and resources to make goods.
irrigation	the watering of dry land by means of streams, canals, or popes. Helped Egyptians build a strong farming economy.
Nile River Valley	Began around 10,000 BC during the New stone Age. Many villages on it by 4500 BC--Attracted people because of its fertile land.

Upper Egypt	The South -- Nile River flows from it.
Lower Egypt	The North --Nile River ends there -- great for farming.
pharaoh	The supreme ruler of Egypt -- means "great palace"
pyramid	tombs in which pharaohs were buried.
empire	A group of lands and people under one government.

Menes	A king of Upper Egypt who changed the course of Egyptian history. United the two kingdoms. Built the city of Memphis for his capital.
Khufu	Pharaoh who ordered the building of the Great Pyramid.
Hatshepsut	First woman ruler known to history. Greatly enriched Egypt's wealth by trading with East Africa and Asia. Ordered the building of the great temples at Thebes.
Tutankhamen	Boy ruler of Ancient Egypt. Ruled from when he was 9 until 19 in 1352 BC.
Memphis	The capital city where the "stalk" of Upper Egypt meets the blossom of Lower Egypt. Built by Menes. Place where great palace was built.

Thebes	The glorious capital of the entire empire. In Upper Egypt.
Kush	Place where rulers were from that took over Egypt's southern lands.
Valley of the Kings	Place where many rulers were buried in a maze cut into the cliffs. Entrances were tightly sealed or kept secret.
hieroglyphics	Ancient system of writing dating back to 3000 BC. Pictures or signs of Ancient Egypt writing.
papyrus	a paper made from the reed that grew in the Nile Delta.

scribe	people trained to write hieroglyphics and keep records.
Rosetta Stone	Black stone discovered in 1799 near Nile Delta. Had carvings in 3 languages, hieroglyphics, Late Egyptian, Greek. Taught meaning of hieroglyphics.
slavery	The practice of one person owning another. Became common in Egypt after 1500 BC.