| pangea | supercontinent |
| crust | thin outer layer of earth on which we live |
| magma | melted rock underground |
| Seismograph | detects earthquakes |
| cinder cone | a volcano made up of mosly ash and cinders |
| lava | melted rock that comes out of a volcano |
| a a | sharp pointed lava |
| pahoehoe | ropy lava |
| shield volcano | a gentle sided volcano made up of lava |
| plate tectonics | this theory suggest that the earth is made of nine large plates |
| richter scale | a scale that measures how big an earthquake is |
| tsunami | a large wave made by an undersea earthquake |
| core | central part of the earth |
| hot spot | the Hawaiian Island chain is created by one of these |
| Ring of Fire | this is where most volcanoes and earthquakes happen |
| ash and cinders | comes out of volcano |
| gas and steam | comes out of volcano |
| strato volcano | very explosive, steep sides, half cinders, half lava |