| papal bull | an official statement made by the pope (Unam Sanctam) |
| schism | a division (like the split in the Church) |
| clergy | Church officials |
| heretic | a professed believer who maintains religious opinions contrary to those accepted by his or her church or rejects doctrines prescribed by that church. (what Huss was tried as at the meeting because he taught that the Bible was higher than the Pope) |
| Boniface VIII | a stubborn Italian Pope whose spiritual prestige was weakened by previous popes. He tried to force the rulers of Europe to obey him |
| Philip IV | French king who was taxing Church property in France to pay for a war against England, bull was written against him |
| Clement V | French archbishop that was chosen as the new pope |
| Avignon | city that was home of the popes for 67 years. city where Church was "held captive" |
| Urban VI | Italian chosen as the pope after the disastrous move from Avignon back to Rome, he had reforming zeal and an overbearing personality |
| Great Schism | The split in the Church when the French Pope moved back to Avignon and the Italian Pope remained in Rome |
| John Wycliffe | an Englishman, professor that was one of the most famous thinkers to respond to the crisis of the church. he taught religion at the University of Oxford and translated the New Testament of the bible into English |
| John Huss | a Bohemian professor that was one of the most famous thinkers to respond to the crisis of the Church. he taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than that of the Pope, he got excommunicated from Czech and tried as a heretic, then burned at the stake in 1415 |
| Council of Constance | the gathering that condemned John Huss (named for the German city where it met) |