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Flashcards: R

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rabid	adj. Affected with rabies or hydrophobia.
racy	adj. Exciting or exhilarating to the mind.
radiance	n. Brilliant or sparkling luster.
radiate	v. To extend in all directions, as from a source or focus.
radical	n. One who holds extreme views or advocates extreme measures.

radix	n. That from or on which something is developed.
raillery	n. Good-humored satire.
ramify	v. To divide or subdivide into branches or subdivisions.
ramose	adj. Branch-like.
rampant	adj. Growing, climbing, or running without check or restraint.

rampart	n. A bulwark or construction to oppose assault or hostile entry.
rancor	n. Malice.
rankle	v. To produce irritation or festering.
rapacious	adj. Disposed to seize by violence or by unlawful or greedy methods.
rapid	adj. Having great speed.

rapine	n. The act of seizing and carrying off property by superior force, as in war.
rapt	adj. Enraptured.
raptorial	adj. Seizing and devouring living prey.
ration	v. To provide with a fixed allowance or portion, especially of food.
rationalism	n. The formation of opinions by relying upon reason alone, independently of authority.

raucous	adj. Harsh.
ravage	v. To lay waste by pillage, rapine, devouring, or other destructive methods.
ravenous	adj. Furiously voracious or hungry.
ravine	n. A deep gorge or hollow, especially one worn by a stream or flow of water.
reaction	n. Tendency towards a former, or opposite state of things, as after reform, revolution, or inflation.

reactionary	adj. Pertaining to, of the nature of, causing, or favoring reaction.
readily	adv. Without objection or reluctance.
readjust	v. To put in order after disarrangement.
ready	adj. In a state of preparedness for any given purpose or occasion.
realism	n. The principle and practice of depicting persons and scenes as they are believed really to exist.

rearrange	v. To arrange again or in a different order.
reassure	v. To give new confidence.
rebellious	adj. Insubordinate.
rebuff	n. A peremptory or unexpected rejection of advances or approaches.
rebuild	v. To build again or anew.

rebut	v. To oppose by argument or a sufficient answer.
recant	v. To withdraw formally one's belief (in something previously believed or maintained).
recapitulate	v. To repeat again the principal points of.
recapture	v. To capture again.
recede	v. To move back or away.

receivable	adj. Capable of being or fit to be received - often money.
receptive	adj. Having the capacity, quality, or ability of receiving, as truths or impressions.
recessive	adj. Having a tendency to go back.
recidivist	n. A confirmed criminal.
reciprocal	adj. Mutually interchangeable or convertible.

reciprocate	v. To give and take mutually.
reciprocity	n. Equal mutual rights and benefits granted and enjoyed.
recitation	n. The act of reciting or repeating, especially in public and from memory.
reck	v. To have a care or thought for.
reckless	adj. Foolishly headless of danger.

reclaim	v. To demand or to obtain the return or restoration of.
recline	v. To cause to assume a leaning or recumbent attitude or position.
recluse	n. One who lives in retirement or seclusion.
reclusory	n. A hermitage.
recognizance	n. An acknowledgment entered into before a court with condition to do some particular act.

recognize	v. To recall the identity of (a person or thing).
recoil	v. To start back as in dismay, loathing, or dread.
recollect	v. To recall the knowledge of.
reconcilable	adj. Capable of being adjusted or harmonized.
reconnoiter	v. To make a preliminary examination of for military, surveying, or geological purposes.

reconsider	v. To review with care, especially with a view to a reversal of previous action.
reconstruct	v. To rebuild.
recourse	n. Resort to or application for help in exigency or trouble.
recover	v. To regain.
recreant	n. A cowardly or faithless person.

recreate	v. To refresh after labor.
recrudescence	n. The state of becoming raw or sore again.
recrudescent	adj. Becoming raw or sore again.
recruit	v. To enlist men for military or naval service.
rectify	v. To correct.

rectitude	n. The quality of being upright in principles and conduct.
recuperate	v. To recover.
recur	v. To happen again or repeatedly, especially at regular intervals.
recure	v. To cure again.
recurrent	adj. Returning from time to time, especially at regular or stated intervals.

redemption	n. The recovery of what is mortgaged or pledged, by paying the debt.
redolent	adj. Smelling sweet and agreeable.
redolence	n. Smelling sweet and agreeable.
redoubtable	adj. Formidable.
redound	n. Rebound.

redress	v. To set right, as a wrong by compensation or the punishment of the wrong-doer.
reducible	adj. That may be reduced.
redundance	n. Excess.
redundant	adj. Constituting an excess.
reestablish	v. To restore.

refer	v. To direct or send for information or other purpose.
referrer	n. One who refers.
referable	adj. Ascribable.
referee	n. An umpire.
refinery	n. A place where some crude material, as sugar or petroleum, is purified.

reflectible	adj. Capable of being turned back.
reflection	n. The throwing off or back of light, heat, sound, or any form of energy that travels in waves.
reflector	n. A mirror, as of metal, for reflecting light, heat, or sound in a particular direction.
reflexible	adj. Capable of being reflected.
reform	n. Change for the better.

reformer	n. One who carries out a reform.
refract	v. To bend or turn from a direct course.
refractory	adj. Not amenable to control.
refragable	adj. Capable of being refuted.
refringency	n. Power to refract.

refringent	adj. Having the power to refract.
refusal	n. Denial of what is asked.
refute	v. To prove to be wrong.
regale	v. To give unusual pleasure.
regalia	n. pl. The emblems of royalty.

regality	n. Royalty.
regenerate	v. To reproduce.
regent	n. One who is lawfully deputized to administer the government for the time being in the name of the ruler.
regicide	n. The killing of a king or sovereign.
regime	n. Particular conduct or administration of affairs.

regimen	n. A systematized order or course of living with reference to food, clothing and personal habits.
regiment	n. A body of soldiers.
regnant	adj. Exercising royal authority in one's own right.
regress	v. To return to a former place or condition.
regretful	adj. Feeling, expressive of, or full of regret.

rehabilitate	v. To restore to a former status, capacity, right rank, or privilege.
reign	v. To hold and exercise sovereign power.
reimburse	v. To pay back as an equivalent of what has been expended.
rein	n. A step attached to the bit for controlling a horse or other draft-animal.
reinstate	v. To restore to a former state, station, or authority.

reiterate	v. To say or do again and again.
rejoin	v. To reunite after separation.
rejuvenate	v. To restore to youth.
rejuvenescence	n. A renewal of youth.
relapse	v. To suffer a return of a disease after partial recovery.

relegate	v. To send off or consign, as to an obscure position or remote destination.
relent	v. To yield.
relevant	adj. Bearing upon the matter in hand.
reliance	n. Dependence.
reliant	adj. Having confidence.

relinquish	v. To give up using or having.
reliquary	n. A casket, coffer, or repository in which relics are kept.
relish	v. To like the taste or savor of.
reluctance	n. Unwillingness.
reluctant	adj. Unwilling.

remembrance	n. Recollection.
reminiscence	n. The calling to mind of incidents within the range of personal knowledge or experience.
reminiscent	adj. Pertaining to the recollection of matters of personal interest.
remiss	adj. Negligent.
remission	n. Temporary diminution of a disease.

remodel	v. Reconstruct.
remonstrance	n. Reproof.
remonstrant	adj. Having the character of a reproof.
remonstrate	v. To present a verbal or written protest to those who have power to right or prevent a wrong.
remunerate	v. To pay or pay for.

remuneration	n. Compensation.
Renaissance	n. The revival of letters, and then of art, which marks the transition from medieval to modern time.
rendezvous	n. A prearranged place of meeting.
rendition	n. Interpretation.
renovate	v. To restore after deterioration, as a building.

renunciation	n. An explicit disclaimer of a right or privilege.
reorganize	v. To change to a more satisfactory form of organization.
reparable	adj. Capable of repair.
reparation	n. The act of making amends, as for an injury, loss, or wrong.
repartee	n. A ready, witty, or apt reply.

repeal	v. To render of no further effect.
repel	v. To force or keep back in a manner, physically or mentally.
repellent	adj. Having power to force back in a manner, physically or mentally.
repentance	n. Sorrow for something done or left undone, with desire to make things right by undoing the wrong.
repertory	n. A place where things are stored or gathered together.

repetition	n. The act of repeating.
repine	v. To indulge in fretfulness and faultfinding.
replenish	v. To fill again, as something that has been emptied.
replete	adj. Full to the uttermost.
replica	n. A duplicate executed by the artist himself, and regarded, equally with the first, as an original.

repository	n. A place in which goods are stored.
reprehend	v. To find fault with.
reprehensible	adj. Censurable.
reprehension	n. Expression of blame.
repress	v. To keep under restraint or control.

repressible	adj. Able to be kept under restraint or control.
reprieve	v. To grant a respite from punishment to.
reprimand	v. To chide or rebuke for a fault.
reprisal	n. Any infliction or act by way of retaliation on an enemy.
reprobate	n. One abandoned to depravity and sin.

reproduce	v. To make a copy of.
reproduction	n. The process by which an animal or plant gives rise to another of its kind.
reproof	n. An expression of disapproval or blame personally addressed to one censured.
repudiate	v. To refuse to have anything to do with.
repugnance	n. Thorough dislike.

repugnant	adj. Offensive to taste and feeling.
repulse	n. The act of beating or driving back, as an attacking or advancing enemy.
repulsive	adj. Grossly offensive.
repute	v. To hold in general opinion.
requiem	n. A solemn mass sung for the repose of the souls of the dead.

requisite	adj. Necessary.
requital	n. Adequate return for good or ill.
requite	v. To repay either good or evil to, as to a person.
rescind	v. To make void, as an act, by the enacting authority or a superior authority.
reseat	v. To place in position of office again.

resemblance	n. Similarity in quality or form.
resent	v. To be indignant at, as an injury or insult.
reservoir	n. A receptacle where a quantity of some material, especially of a liquid or gas, may be kept.
residue	n. A remainder or surplus after a part has been separated or otherwise treated.
resilience	n. The power of springing back to a former position

resilient	adj. Having the quality of springing back to a former position.
resistance	n. The exertion of opposite effort or effect.
resistant	adj. Offering or tending to produce resistance.
resistive	adj. Having or exercising the power of resistance.
resistless	adj. Powerless.

resonance	n. The quality of being able to reinforce sound by sympathetic vibrations.
resonance	adj. Able to reinforce sound by sympathetic vibrations.
resonate	v. To have or produce resonance.
resource	n. That which is restored to, relied upon, or made available for aid or support.
respite	n. Interval of rest.

resplendent	adj. Very bright.
respondent	adj. Answering.
restitution	n. Restoration of anything to the one to whom it properly belongs.
resumption	n. The act of taking back, or taking again.
resurgent	adj. Surging back or again.

resurrection	n. A return from death to life
resuscitate	v. To restore from apparent death.
retaliate	v. To repay evil with a similar evil.
retch	v. To make an effort to vomit.
retention	n. The keeping of a thing within one's power or possession.

reticence	n. The quality of habitually keeping silent or being reserved in utterance.
reticent	adj. Habitually keeping silent or being reserved in utterance.
retinue	n. The body of persons who attend a person of importance in travel or public appearance.
retort	n. A retaliatory speech.
retouch	v. To modify the details of.

retrace	v. To follow backward or toward the place of beginning, as a track or marking.
retract	v. To recall or take back (something that one has said).
retrench	v. To cut down or reduce in extent or quantity.
retrieve	v. To recover something by searching.
retroactive	adj. Operative on, affecting, or having reference to past events, transactions, responsibilities.

retrograde	v. To cause to deteriorate or to move backward.
retrogression	n. A going or moving backward or in a reverse direction.
retrospect	n. A view or contemplation of something past.
retrospective	adj. Looking back on the past.
reunite	v. To unite or join again, as after separation.

revelation	n. A disclosing, discovering, or making known of what was before secret, private, or unknown.
revere	v. To regard with worshipful veneration.
reverent	adj. Humble.
reversion	n. A return to or toward some former state or condition.
revert	v. To return, or turn or look back, as toward a former position or the like.

revile	v. To heap approach or abuse upon.
revisal	n. Revision.
revise	v. To examine for the correction of errors, or for the purpose of making changes.
revocation	n. Repeal.
revoke	v. To rescind.

rhapsody	n. Rapt or rapturous utterance.
rhetoric	n. The art of discourse.
rhetorician	n. A showy writer or speaker.
ribald	adj. Indulging in or manifesting coarse indecency or obscenity.
riddance	n. The act or ridding or delivering from something undesirable.

ridicule	n. Looks or acts expressing amused contempt.
ridiculous	adj. Laughable and contemptible.
rife	adj. Abundant.
righteousness	n. Rectitude.
rightful	adj. Conformed to a just claim according to established laws or usage.

rigmarole	n. Nonsense.
rigor	n. Inflexibility.
rigorous	adj. Uncompromising.
ripplet	n. A small ripple, as of water.
risible	adj. capable of exciting laughter.

rivulet	n. A small stream or brook.
robust	adj. Characterized by great strength or power of endurance.
rondo	n. A musical composition during which the first part or subject is repeated several times.
rookery	n. A place where crows congregate to breed.
rotary	adj. Turning around its axis, like a wheel, or so constructed as to turn thus.

rotate	v. To cause to turn on or as on its axis, as a wheel.
rote	n. Repetition of words or sounds as a means of learning them, with slight attention.
rotund	adj. Round from fullness or plumpness.
rudimentary	adj. Being in an initial, early, or incomplete stage of development.
rue	v. To regret extremely.

ruffian	adj. A lawless or recklessly brutal fellow.
ruminant	adj. Chewing the cud.
ruminate	v. To chew over again, as food previously swallowed and regurgitated.
rupture	v. To separate the parts of by violence.
rustic	adj. Characteristic of dwelling in the country.

ruth	n. Sorrow for another's misery.