| Commercial Revolution | the expansion of the trade and buisness that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. |
| communism | economic system in which all means of production are owned by the government - no private ownership - everything is shared equally among the people |
| Congress of Vienna | series of meetings in 1814-1815 to establish long lasting peace after the defeat of Napoleon |
| containment | policy the US used to control communism so it wouldn't spread |
| creole | In colonial Latin America, American born Spanish people, owned land but were treated like second class citizens, and were denied political rights. |
| Crusade | European Christian military expeditions made between the 11th and 13th centuries to retake the Middle Eastern Holy Lands occupied by the Muslims. |
| cultural diffusion | The spreading of ideas through contact such as trade or war |
| cultural revolution | started in China by Mao Zedong and enforced by the Red Guards (militant students) to eliminate his rivals and train a new generation in the revolutionary spirit that created communist China. The Cultural Revolution resulted in beatings, terror, mass jailings, and the deaths of thousands. |
| democracy | A system of government in which the citizens hold the legislative, judicial, and executive power, based on majority rule |
| Department of Homeland Security | US federal agency created in 2002 to coordinate national efforts against terrorism |
| Diaspora | The enforced spreading out of a group of people. In history, there has been both a Jewish Diaspora and an African Diaspora. |
| dissident | A person who speaks out against their government |