| ABC agreement | US and Britain decide to get Germany first while just barely holding on in Asia |
| Korematsu VS US | Sup. Court upholds legality of Japanese relocation camps; 1988 US gov. officially apologizes and pays reparations of $20,000 to each camp survivor |
| Issei & Nissei | Japanese for first generation Jap. Immigrants to US; Am. Born Japanese |
| War Production Board | told companies what to make; kept order in business world |
| Norman Rockwell | artist made the “four freedoms” poster from FDR’s speech: speech, worship, from want and from fear; propaganda poster |
| Henry J. Kaiser | Sir Launchalot; super fast ship builder; a whole ship in 14 days |
| Office of Price Admin. | Brought ascending prices down w/ extensive regulations |
| War Labor Board | imposed ceilings on wage increase |
| John L. Lewis | leader of United Mine Workers; called off strikes b/c of wage ceilings |
| Smith Conally Anti-Strike Act | authorized fed gov. to seize and operate tied up industries; strikes against gov. industry a crime |
| Braceros | thousands of Mexican ag. Workers brought in to US to farm and harvest; lasted 20 years after war over |
| A. Philip Randolph | head of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; black leader; threatened a Negro March on DC for legal rights; gets FDR’s attention |
| Fair Employment Practices Commission | monitored for discrimination in defense industries |
| “Double V” | black rally of victory over dictators abroad and racism at home |
| Congress of Racial Equality | 1942; militant organization for black rights |
| “zoot-suit” riot 1943 | Mex. And Mex. Am. Youth attacked by white sailors looking for them; not sure where |
| race riot | Detroit; 25 blacks and 9 whites killed |
| Chester Nimitz | naval strategist; won war at Midway island June 3-6 1942 |
| The “Alcan” Highway | built up Canada to get to Alaska in case Japan invades through Aleutian Islands |
| “bloody Tarawa” | in Gilbert Islands; taken after suicidal resistance |
| “Great Marianas Turkey Shoot” | 250 Jap planes down to 29 US planes |
| “Suicide Cliff” | Saipan; Japanese mass suicide jump in Marianas August 1944; |
| Jimmy Dolittle’s Raid | bombing mission of Tokyo; launch B-25 from carrier, drop bombs on Tokyo and land in China; April 18, 1942 |
| James Farmer | organized CORE; racial equality; 1942 blacks move North; starts getting blacks to sit in an all white restaurant to protest |
| Charles Drew | father of blood bank; was black; died in ambulance b/c they only had white blood |
| Gunnar Myrdal | Swedish economist; writes “The American Dilemma” says US biggest problem is racism because of stereotype of blacks as inferior among whites; blacks treated as second class by gov. |
| Tuskegee Airmen | black pilots; segregated and can’t help as much; 99th fire squadron; never lost a bomber |
| Corrigidor | rock in Manila Bay Philippines; final retreating spot of MacArthur’s forces; he leaves; they surrender and walk the Bataan Death March |
| Executive Order 9066 | military relocates Jap-Am. To interment camps |
| Minidoka; Manzanar; Heart Mt.; Topaz | Jap. Interment camps in Idaho; CA; Wyoming; Utah |
| 442nd Regiment | Jap-Am regiment; one of most decorated regiments; “go for broke” |
| Executive Order 8802 | businesses can make gov. defenses as long as they show they’re hiring minorities; done because of Phillip Randolph; monitored FEDC |
| RnD; rand | research and development; labs getting better; new promo thing for economy b/c we need new weapons; leads to Manhattan Project, radar and penicillin |
| Anti-sub tactics | crack German code and know where subs are; radar; air patrol |
| The “desert fox” | Marshal Erwin Rommel; German leader moves all the way across N. Africa to Egypt; almost gets Suez Canal |
| Montgomery | British general beats Germans at El Alamein Oct. 1942; moves them to west of Cairo; used Sherman tanks |
| Monte Lassino | center of German defense in Italy; an only monastery; makes going up Italy very difficult |
| Anzio | beach head assault in Rome; finally taken in June 4 1944 |
| D-Day | June 6th 1944; invasion of Normandy beach France; bloody but it works |
| “Blood n Guts” | George Patton; US leader in France |
| 1944 election | FDR VS Thomas E Dewey (has isolationist VP; not good) |
| Fort Bastogne | stuck in the middle of Germany’s Battle of the Bulge invasion; General A C McAuliffe refuses to give up and they hold it; “Bloody Bastards of Bastogne” |
| FDR and Hitler dead | FDR – massive cerebral hemorrhage April 12 1945; Hitler- suicide in Berlin bunker April 30, 1945 |
| ‘ the silent service’ | Am. Subs sink 1,042 Jap ships; 50% of merchant fleet |
| Tokyo Fire Bomb Raid | torched the city March 9-10 1945; destroyed 250,000 buildings and 83,000 people |
| Hirohito | agrees to surrender if he can remain the nominal emperor of Japan |
| Stalingrad and Leningrad | Russia able to hold off Germans; for several years; Stalin dying for a second front |
| Operation Torch | N. Africa to fight Rommel Desert Fox; from there go to Italy |
| Juno; Gold; Sword; Omaha; Utah | code names for beaches planned for D-day; Omaha/Normandy is picked |
| Operation Overlord | D-Day; French Invasion |
| Malmady | German massacre of Am. POW’s very cruel and brutal |
| Casablanca; Cairo; Teheran; Yalta; Pottsdam | 1943 in Morocco, issue of conditional surrender; ’43 US, Britain and Kai-Shek; ’43 big 3 plan for D-Day; ’45 in Berlin, future of germany |
| Vichy France | Southern Pro-Nazi French; govern themselves as loyal to nazis; traitors to the Free French in N. France |
| Charles DeGaulle | leader of Free France; later the pres. |
| Cologne; Dresden; Munich; Berlin | all German cities bombed by allies; some fire bombed; led to bunkers in Berlin |
| Eva Braun | marries Hitler; commit suicide together |
| Los Alamos | New Mexico where A-bomb detonated for first time July 1945; now we have 2 left |
| “Little Boy” and “Fat Man” | dropped on Hiroshima; dropped on Dagasaki |
| ‘Enola Gay’ and ‘Bock’s Car’ | planes that dropped the A-bombs in Japan |