| alkane | consists of only carbon to carbon single bonds |
| alkene | consists of at least one carbon to carbon double bond |
| alkyne | consists of at least one carbon to carbon triple bond |
| alcohol | contains an -OH group |
| aldehyde | contains a terminal O=C-H group |
| ketone | contains an internal C=O group |
| carboxylic acid | contains a terminal O=C-OH group |
| ether | contains an internal O-O group |
| ester | contains an internal O=C-O- group |
| amine | contains a terminal NH2 group |