| Equation for photosynthesis | (6)CO2 + (6)H20 -> C6H12O6 + (6)O2 |
| How Vegetable oils are produced | Plants turn glucose into chemicals (such as vegetable oils) using chemical reactions |
| How do we extract oil from the oilseed rape? | Seeds are taken to a factory, pressed to extract oil, impurities removed |
| What are the two ways we extract vegetable oils? | Distillation and Pressing |
| How we extract oil from lavendar | Distillation |
| How distillation works | Plant put in boiling water, oil from plant evaporates, oil condensed and collected, impurities removed |
| Why vegetable oils are important | Contain lots of energy |
| What all vegetable oils are made from | Hydrocarbons |
| Vegetable oils which contain double bonds | Unsaturated oils |
| How can we detect unsaturated oils? | Bromine Water |
| How do the boiling points of vegetables compare with water | It is higher |
| Why do vegetable oils have higher boiling temperatures? | Large molecules, larger intermoleculer forces |
| What does food cooked in vegetable oil contain? | More energy |
| What do you notice on food cooked in vegetable oil? | Cooks quicker, different colour, crispier |
| Why does food cooked in vegetable oil contain more energy? | Absorbs some of the oil |
| What is the state of unsaturated vegetables oils at room temperature? | Liquid |
| Why are vegetable oils liquid at room temperature | Double bond means they don't fit together well, reduces intermolecular forces |
| How can we increase the melting points of vegetable oils? | Add hydrogen |
| Why does adding hydrogen heighten the melting point of vegetable oils? | Hydrogen replaces double bonds with single bonds |
| Oils that have been hardened | Hydrogenated |
| What is the advantage of hard vegetable oils? | Used in spreads like margarine |
| What are smooth foods made from? | Oil and water |
| How can we encourage oil and water to mix? | Emulsions |
| How do emulsions works? | Oil made into tiny droplets that disperse throughout the water |
| What do we use to stop oil and water from seperating? | Emulsifiers |
| What is the head of an emulsifier attracted to? | Water |
| What is the tail of an emulsifier attracted to? | Oil |
| How can we detect additives in our food? | Chromatography |
| Why does chromatography work? | Different substances have different solubility in water |
| What machine can identify substances from chromatography? | Mass Spectrometer |
| What is biodiesel? | Fuel made from vegetable oils |
| In which cars will biodiesel work? | Diesel |
| How do we make biodiesel? | Treat vegetable oils to remove unwanted chemicals, can be mixed with crude oil |
| What are the useful products of biodiesel? | Solid waste material (Fed to cattle as high-energy food), Glycerine (for making soap). |
| Why is biodiesel better? (if spilled) | Breaks down 5x faster |
| Why is biodiesel better? (pollution) | Makes little sulphur dioxide and other pollutants |
| Why is biodiesel better? (main reason) | CO2 neutral |
| What can trans fats affect? | Cholesterol level |