| bolus | chewed clump of food |
| peristalsis | contractions of smooth muscle that squeeze the food through the esophagus into the stomach |
| chyme | a mix of stomach fluids and food that's gradually produced as stomach muscles contract in digestion |
| filtration | when fluid flows from the blood into the Bowman's capsule |
| reabsorption | material removed from the blood at Bowman's capsule is returned to the blood |
| mechanical digestion | stomach muscles contract to churn and mix stomach fluids w/ food, gradually producing chyme |
| gallbladder | small, pouch-like organ that stores bile |
| large intestine | removes water from the undigested material that is left |
| nephrons, particularly the glomerulrus | where most filtrated takes place |
| filtrate | fluid that enters the renal tubules |
| kidneys maintain homeostasis by_____. | regulating the water content of the blood, maintaing blood pH, removing cellular waste products from the blood |
| when kidneys fail... | if one fails, remaining kidney can successfully filter the blood; if both fail, an individual will need a transplant or regular dialysis |
| urinary system | from kidneys, urine is carried thru the ureters to bladder;when the bladder is emptiesd, urine passes thru urethra and then out of the body |
| reabsorption | takes placenear the loop of Henle, as the filtrate flows thru the renal tubule |
| secretion | substances such as hydrogen ions are transferred from the blood to the filtrate, which maintains blood pH |
| excretion | process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated by the body |
| regions of kidney | renal cortex (outer) and renal medulla (inner) |