| Apartheid | separation of races |
| Nelson Mandela | leader of the ANC |
| Great Zimbabwe | city in zimbabwe |
| tuberculosis | respiratory infection spread between humans |
| AIDS | virus that kills |
| Cholera | infection that is often fatal if not treated |
| Tigris | river |
| wadis | riverbeds that remain dry except during rainy season |
| Golan Heights | hilly plateau over looking jordan river |
| Berlin Conference | laid down rules for dividing africa |
| Malariai | infectious disease marked by chills and fever |
| Aksum | emerged in present day ethopia |
| olduvai gorge | located in northern tanzania |
| pandemic | uncontrollable outbreak of a disease |
| mutapa empire | extended throughout all present day zimbabwe |
| rai | kind of music that developed in 1920 by poor urban children |
| islam | cultural and religious influence in north africa |
| fossil water | underground aquifers |
| desalinization | removal of salt from ocean water |
| refinery | where crude oil goes |
| rub al khali | famous desert |
| salt flat | salts in soil |
| dead sea | landlocked salt lake |
| jordan river | provides resources in entire region |
| euphrates | river supporting several ancient valley civilizations |
| muhammad | prophet |
| islam | monotheistic religion |
| zionism | goal to create and support a jewish homeland in palestine |
| western wall | wailing wall |
| dome of the rock | where muslims believe muhammad rose into heaven |
| cash crops | grown for direct sale |
| king leopold II | developed interest in the congo |
| Mobutu sese seko | countrys leader |
| mount kilimanjaro | volcano in tanzania in africa |
| escarpment | steep slope with nearly flat plateau on top |
| bantu migrations | mass migration |
| serengeti plain | grassland in northern tanzania |
| nile river | worlds longest river |
| goree island | off the coast of senegal |
| ashanti | known for the work in weaving colorful cloth |
| stateless society | people relying on family lineages to govern themselves |
| rift valley | thing valley created by continental plates |
| oasis | water that comes from surface |
| aquifers | stores of underground water |
| silt | on the farmland |
| aswah high dam | dam on nile river in southern egypt |
| niger delta | region that contains most of nigerias oil |
| sahel | shore of the desert |
| desertification | expansion of dry conditions |
| one commodity countries | rely on principal commodities |