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Flashcards: Biology, Chapter 14 (10th)

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What genotype is the most beneficial for individuals living in regions where malaria is common?	Heterozygous (1 sickle cell allele)
In the 1800's, Charles Lyell emphasized that...	Gradual geological events in the past could explain the physical features of today's Earth
Which of the following provides clues about the size and structure of once-living organisms?	Fossils
A bottleneck event is considered a type of...	Genetic drift
Artificial selection is similar to natural selection in that both processes...	Depend on the variation among individuals

Which of the following is the strongest indication that two species share a common ancestor?	Homologous structures
Which of the following statements best descrives the findings of Rosemary and Peter Grant's study of the Galapagos finches?	Food availability affected beak size
Scientists who study life through the fossil record are called...	Paleontologists
Sickle cell disease is more common in...	Africans
A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance is called...	Genetic drift

When a farmer breeds only his or her own livestock, the process is called...	Artificial selection
The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of...	A common ancestor
In their work in the Galapagos islands, the Grants discovered that larger beaks were more common after...	Long periods of dry weather
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, certain individuals will leave more offspring on average than do other individuals. Their survival is due to...	Possession of inherited adaptations that are well-suited to the environment
When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape and live to reproduce. Which best describes this situation?	Individuals that function best tend to leave the most offspring

In humans, the pelvis and femur bone, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur are...	Vestigial structures
On the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed...	Somewhat similar species to those on the mainland, with traits that suited their particular environments
The British naturalist who wrote Darwin describing explanation for evolution similar to Darwin's was...	Alfred Wallace
Fossils are most likely to be found in which type of rock?	Sedimentary
Antibiotics are medicines that...	Kill or slow the growth of bacteria

Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finch species...	Originated from a common ancestor
The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on the Galapagos Islands displayed different structual adaptations. One of the adaptations that Darwin noted was the...	Birds' different-shaped beaks
During his voyage on the Beagle, Charles Darwin made many observations...	In South America
The economist Thomas Malthus suggested that	Popualtions can grow faster than the rate at which food and resources can be produced
When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for...	Inherited traits that are of value to humans

The combined alleles of all the individuals that make up a population is the population's	Gene pool
A scientist who proposed that evolution resulted from the inheritance of acquired characteristics was...	Jean Baptiste Lamarck
Biological fitness is the ability of the individual to	Contribute to the gene pool of the next generation
Darwin's theory of evolution is based on the idea(s) of...	Variation and natural selection
A bottleneck effect may...	Drastically reduce the size of a population/ Decrease the size of the gene pool/ Decrease the genetic variation

Charles Darwin published his book within 10 years of returning from his voyage aboard the HMS Beagle.	False
When pesticide resistance occurs in insects, natural selection favors resistant individuals, which then transmit the gene for pesticide resistance to their offspring.	True
In their work, th Grants discovered that following a long period of drought the available seed types favored ground finches with smaller beaks.	False
The fact that species today look different from their ancestors can be descried as descent with modification.	True
Selective breeding as practiced by farmers is also called natural selection.	False

The oldest fossils are approximately 3.5 billion years old.	True
Darwin throughly enjoyed the tine he spent at sea.	False
If an organisms preyed upon by another organism evolves to become better adapted, it is likely the predator in question will also evolve.	True
Differences that exist within members of a population are referred to as variations.	True
Charles Darwin came to realize that organisms of the same species are identical to one another.	False