| adverse | working against serving to oppose |
| aloof | remote or distant, usually by choice; showing no interest |
| alternative | allowing a choice between two or more things |
| canine | of or relating to dogs or related animals |
| compulsory | required by law or a firm rule |
| consecutive | following one after another in order |
| desolate | deserted lonely without signs of life |
| dispatch | to send on specific buiness |
| distinction | a recognition of the way things differ |
| endure | to put up with |
| fluctuated | to rise and fall |
| grueling | tiring exhausting |
| maul | to handle roughly so as to cause injury |
| participate | to take part in |
| robust | strong and vigorous |