| Conservatives | What party did the middle class back in Britain, in the 1920s? |
| Conservatives | After the general strike, what party passed legislation limiting the power of workers to strike in Britain? |
| Coalition; | Because the Great Depression intensified Britains woes, what type of government was set up? |
| Conservative, Labour, Liberal | Because the Great Depression hurt Britain, a coalition government was set up of what 3 parties? (alphabetical) |
| Ireland | In 1914, Britain passed a home-rule bill in what country? |
| Irish Republican Army | What group did not accept the division of Ulster and the rest of Ireland, in Ireland? |
| 1923 | What year was peace restored in Ireland, due to the separation of Ulster and Ireland? |
| Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa | In 1931 what four former colonies (alphabetical) became fully self-governing dominions? |
| British Commonwealth of Nations | The 4 new colonies within were dominions inside the newly formed British ____________ of ___________. |
| Economic and cultural ties | What linked each member of the Commonwealth, although they all pursued their own courses? |
| Federal Government | Under the new deal, who was more involved in peoples lives? __ __ |
| New Deal | What had new laws that regulated stock market, protected bank depositors savings, created jobs for unemployed, Social security, old age pensions; |
| No | Did the New Deal end the Great Depression? |
| Sigmund Freud | Who said that in civilized society, learned values like morality and reason help people repress, or check, powerful urges. But an individual feels constant tension between repressed drives and social training, which caused psychological illness, or physical symptoms like paralysis and blindness? |
| Traditional | In the early 1900s, western artists rejected what styles of art? |
| Combat Squads | Mussolini organized his supporters into black shirts “___ ____” |
| Black Shirts | This group in Italy broke up socialist rallies, smashed leftist presses, and attacked farmers’ cooperatives |
| Accepted | Due to a loss in faith in a constitutional government in Italy, many people accepted/rejected Fascism? |
| March on Rome | In 1922, the Fascists, at a rally in Naples, announced a “___ ___ _____” |
| Make changes | What did the March of Rome in Italy in 1922 demand the government do? |
| Emmanuel III | After the March of Rome in Italy, what king asked Mussolini to form a government as prime minister? |
| 1925 | At first, Fascists held only a few cabinet posts in Italy’s government, but by what year did they assume more power? |
| Il Duce, The Leader | In 1925, what did Mussolini declare his nickname to be? What does it mean? __ __,__ __ |
| Parliamentary Monarchy | In theory, even after Mussolini was Prime Minister, Italy remained what kind of government? (2 words) |
| Dictatorship | In fact, after Mussolini was Prime minister, Italy was no longer a Parliamentary Monarchy, but a ____ upheld by terror. |
| State | To encourage economic growth and end conflicts between owners and workers in Italy, Mussolini put the economy under who’s control? |
| Capitalism | Unlike socialists, after Mussolini brought the economy under the state, he preserved what? |
| Corporate state | Under Mussolini’s “_____ ____”, representatives of business, labor, government, and fascist party controlled industry, agriculture, and trade |
| form Strikes, went down | Even though production increased, the success came at the expense of workers. What were they forbidden to do, and what happened to their wages? (_ , _) |
| Entire state | Who was more important in a Fascist society, an individual or the entire state? |
| Mussolini | “Believe! Obey! Fight!” – Said by whom? |
| Agriculture, industry, trade | In Italy, the Fascist party controlled 3 things: (alpha.) |
| Win the Battle of Motherhood | Women were pushed out of paying jobs and were instead called to “_ the __ of ___” |
| Youth | What age group of people were mostly targeted by dictators? |
| Obey strict military discipline | What were Fascist youths taught to obey in school? (_ _ _ _) |
| Young soldiers | By the 1930s, what did Mussolini create an entire generation of? |
| Mussolini | Who coined the term Fascism? |
| Fascism | A term generally used to ‘describe any authoritarian government that is not communist’, due to its lack of unifying set of beliefs |
| Extreme nationalism | What is fascism rooted in? |
| Action, blind loyalty, discipline, violence | What did Fascism glorify? (4) |
| National | Communists had hopes for internation change, and fascists pursued __ goals |
| Agricultural and urban workers | Fascists found allies among business leaders, wealthy landowners, and lower middle class. Communists found support among who? (4 words _ and _ _) |
| Social | Communism and Fascism both flourished during economic hard times by promoting extreme programs of __ change |
| Totalitarian | In both Russia and Italy, they imposed what kind of governments to bring about social revolution? |
| Elite party | In both Russia and Italy, they had an __ __ to rule in the name of the national interest |
| Totalitarian | Mussolini built the first __ state, which became a model for others; |
| Single party dictatorship | What basic features did the 3 governments of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini share (dictatorship) |
| economy under state control | What basic features did the 3 governments of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini share? (economy) |
| strict censorship and government monopoly of media | What basic features did the 3 governments of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini share? (monopoly, censorship) |
| Use of schools and media to mobilize citizens | What basic features did the 3 governments of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini share? (schools) |
| obedience to single leader | What basic features did the 3 governments of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini share? (obedience) |
| Appeal of Fascism | Fascism promised a strong, stable, government and an end to political feuding that had paralyzed democracy; Nationalism; a sense of power and confidence during disorder and despair --- what do all these add up too? |
| Start foreign conquest | What did Mussolini do that turned his good press outside Italy around? |
| 1923 | What year did Hitler attempt a take over? |
| Weimar | In 1919 German leaders drafted a constitution in what city? |
| Democratic, Weimar Republic | What type of government did the Weimar constitution for Germany in 1919 create? What is it called? |
| Parliamentary, chancellor | The constitution of Weimar in Germany set up a democratic system called the Weimar Republic and a ___ system lead by a __; it gave women right to vote and a bill of rights |
| Many small parties | Why was the republic politically weak? |
| Old Junker nobility, military, bourgeoisie | Who made up the Conservative party in Germany after World War I? (3) _ _ _, _, _, |
| German Jews | Because many Germans hated the Versailles treaty, they looked for scapegoats. Who was an easy target for economic and political problems? (2wrds) |
| Dawes Plan | 1924 – US Britain and France approved a plan to reduce German reparations; France withdrew its forces from the Ruhr, and American loans helped German economy recover; What is this plan called? |
| National Socialist German Workers | What is the Nazi party’s lengthened Name? (4 words) |
| Mein Kampf My Struggle | 1923; written by Hitler that reflected his obsessions of extreme nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism; What is it called, and what is the translation? (_ _, _ _) |
| Aryans , Jews | What was the superior “master race” that all Germans belonged too? Who was their greatest enemies? |
| Lebensraum | In Hitlers recipe for revival, he urged Germans everywhere to unite into 1 great nation; He said Germany must expand to gain what? (means, living Space) |
| Repression, terror, totalitarian state | To achieve his goals, what did Hitler organize a system of? (3 things) (_, _, _ _) |
| all | What areas of life did the Nazis control? |
| Gestapo | What is Hitler’s secret police called? |
| Building highways and houses; replanting forests | To fight the Great Depression, Hitler created public works programs; people were put to work doing what? (building _ and _; replanting _) |
| Governments | Hitler preserved Capitalism, but put big businesses and labor under who’s control? |
| Nuremberg Laws | What laws in 1935 by Hitler placed severe restrictions on Jews, like prohibition to marry non-Jews, attending German schools/universities, holding gov. jobs, practicing law or medicine, or publishing books? |
| Kristallnacht, NIght of Broken Glass | In 1938, A young Jews parents had been mistreated in Germany, so he shot and wounded a German diplomat in Paris; Hitler used this incident to attack all Jews; It became known as? Meaning? |
| Final Solution | What was Hitler’s plan to exterminate all the Jews called? |
