| apologist | (n) A person who defends an idea |
| dissuade | (v) To discourage someone through persuasion |
| dupe | (v) To take advantage by fooling someone |
| fallacy | (n) A false belief |
| imply | (v) To suggest indirectly |
| indisputable | (adj) Beyond doubt |
| infer | (v) To draw a conclusion from evidence |
| red herring | (n) Something that draws attention away |
| refute | (v) to prove to be wrong |
| substantiate | (v) To support with evidence |