| Eutropius | Historian born around 340 AD, wrote Brevarium ab Urbe Condita finished in AD 380 |
| dos | dowry; sum of money given by bride's father to groom's family |
| optimates | Established leaders, held power in the senate, opposed reformers |
| Clodius | Political Gang leader, killed by Milo in a brawl on the Appian Way |
| Asconius | Scholar of the 1st Century AD, consulted official records of the Milo v. Clodius trial |
| Liberalia | March 17, Festival for Bacchus, Generally good time for coming of age ceremony for young boys |
| Cicero | A novus homo, premier orator of his day, exiled Cataline |
| Milo | Gang leader, killed Clodius, defended by Cicero, exiled to Marsailles |
| cursus honorum | The path of a Roman legislator, culminated in consulship |
| Pompey | Established first triumvrate with Caesar and Crassus, married Julia, defeated at Pharsalus |
| Pharsalus | Battle in 48 BC, located in Greece, Pompey and Cicero defeated by Caesar |
| Actium | Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC |
| Caesar | Confronted and defeated Pompey, murdered in 44 BC, governor of Gaul |
| Mark Antony | Caesar's principal heir, married Cleopatra, lost at Actium |
| contio | public meeting or assembly |
| Populares | Reformers, did not hold power in the senate, represented the poor |
| Absolvo | absolve |
| Condemno | condemn |
| officium togae virilis | Official coming of age ceremony |
| Augustus | Leader during Pax Romana, etc. |
| Cohortes | 1/10 of a legion, about 500 men |
| Equites | battle cavalry |
| imperator | a general who had won a major victory |
| legatus | legionary commander |
| Pedites | footsoldiers |
| praetorium | general's tent |
| funditores | slingers |
| galea | iron helmet |
| gladius | short sword |
| scutum | curved wooden shield |
| Cataline | Conspired against Cicero, found guilty |
| Pilum | Javelin |
| Princeps | first citizen, unofficial title |
| acies | battle line |
| saeculum aureum | Golden Age of Augustus |
| Res Gestae | Inscription in Turkey which records Augustus' achievements |
| Pliny the Elder | Killed during Vesuvius' explosion while trying to learn |
| Pliny the Younger | Wrote eyewitness account of Vesuvius' eruption, worked for Trajan, wrote many letters |
| Trajan | Followed Nerva, born in Spain, popular emperor, AD 97-117 |
| Vesuvius | Volcano which exploded, buried Pompeii and Herculaneum |
| Pompeii | City buried by ash and debris from Vesuvius |
| Herculaneum | City buried by pyroclastic flow from Vesuvius after initial reaction |
| Stabiae | Location of Pomponianus |
| Misenum | Roman Naval Base, home of Pliny |
| Pomponianus | Friend whom Pliny attempts to save |