| alliteration | a series of similar sounds |
| allusion | a reference to another work of literature, person, or event |
| aside | in drama, lines spoken by a character in an undertone or aloud directly to the audience (assumed not to be heard by other actors) |
| blank verse | unrhymed poetry that has a regular rhythm and line length, especially iambic pentameter |
| characterization | achieved through description, thoughts, words, actions, and reactions of characters |
| conflict | opposition between or among characters or forces in a literary work that spurs or motivates the action of a plot (internal, external; person vs. person, self, nature, society) |
| connotation | the additional (sometimes figurative) meanings that a word may carry (e.g., gold may connote greed) |
| couplet | two lines of verse that form a unit alone or as part of a poem, especially two that rhyme and have the same meter |
| denotation | the exact/literal meaning of a word, as found in the dictionary |
| resolution | the final unraveling or solution of the plot |
| dialect | a regional variety of a language, with differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation; also a form of a language spoken by members of a particular social class or profession |
| diction | the use and choice of words |
| dynamic character | one whose character changes in the course of the play or story |
| flashback | a scene or event from the past that appears in a narrative out of chronological order, to fill in information or explain something in the present |
| foil | a character, object, or scene that sets off another by contrast (e.g., Ned Flanders for Homer Simpson) |
| foreshadowing | events or information presented to prepare for later events |
| free verse | verse without a fixed metrical pattern, usually having unrhymed lines of varying length (a.k.a., vers libre) |
| iambic pentameter | the most common rhythm in English poetry, consisting of five iambs in each line (iamb=unit of one short/unstressed syllable followed by one long/stressed syllable) |
| imagery | description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) |
| inversion | an alteration of the normal order of words or phrases in a grammatical construction, usually for rhetorical effect |
| personification | when something nonhuman is given human characteristics (must be HUMAN, or it's a metaphor) |
| plot | the pattern of events in a play, poem, or fictional work. |
| point of view | the perspective from which the writer tells the story (1st, 2nd, 3rd person; omniscient, limited omniscient) |
| pun | a play on words involving the use of words with similar sounds but different meanings (collar, color), words with 2+ meanings (plain), or words with the same sound but different meanings (sun/son) |
| repetition | repeating a word or phrase, or rewording the same idea |
| soliloquy | in drama, a character speaks alone on stage to allow his/her thoughts and ideas to be conveyed to the audience |
| sonnet | a short poem with fourteen lines, usually ten-syllable rhyming lines, divided into two, three, or four sections |
| stanza | a group of lines in a poem or song that constitute a division (in prose: paragraph) |
| static character | a character who does not change at all, or who remains almost entirely the same, throughout the course of a play or story |
| symbol | something that stands for itself at a literal level but which also suggests something (or several things) at the same time; frequently a concrete object or animal that represents a quality or abstract idea |
