| canyon | a valley with vertical sides; a deep valley with steep sides |
| cataract | a large waterfall |
| cliff | a piece of land with vertical sides; high, steep face of rock or earth |
| cove | a baby bay; sheltered small bay |
| hill | a raised, rounded mound of earth in which the surface of the land gently rises and falls |
| lake | a body of water surrounded by land; can be natural or man-made |
| marsh | low, wet land with grass and birds |
| mesa | a medium, flat-topped table-like piece of land with steep sides |
| plateau | a flat-topped area rising high above ground level |
| steppe | a vast, treeless plain in Southeast Europe and Asia |
| canal | channel dug and filled with water for passage of boats or irrigation |
| crater | a depression around the opening of a volcano; can be formed from meteorites |
| reef | a ridge of rocks or sand at or near the surface of the water |