| quintessence of dust | the desire to know, the capacity to wonder, the ability to forgive |
| Devotio Moderna | new devotion |
| Brethren of the Common Life | founded in Netherlands, practiced simplified Christianity, emphasized strict piety |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch scholar, lover of peace but not a theologian; very critical of church leaders; said Pope Julius had lost the sense of God |
| Charles V | King of Spain, ruled latin america, very catholic--> wanted a united faith, liked and protected Luther |
| indulgences & Tetzel | (full or partial) remission of temporal punishment due to sins which have already been forgiven. The indulgence is granted by the church after the sinner has confessed and received absolution...Teztel sold them for high amount of money |
| Diet of Worms | council of men who gave Luther the option to take back |
| Frederick the Wise | Duke of Saxony, liked Luther |
| Versamilatude | if it looks real, then it is good |
| Stratford -upon- Avon | Shakespeare's home |
| Neo-Platanism | very influential/significant...motivated the humanism of the Renaissance...beautiful and spiritual world |
| wherries | passenger boats that brought to play |
| the "heavens" | cover of a stage |
| the tiring-house | where change of clothes/ props are stored |
| Johann Guttenberg | credited with inventing movable type printing in Europe and mechanical printing globally. His major work, the Gutenberg Bible, also known as the 42-line bible, has been acclaimed for its high aesthetic and technical quality. |
| Exsurge Domine | papal bull issued on June 15, 1520 by Pope Leo X in response to the teachings of Martin Luther in his 95 theses and subsequent writings which opposed the views of the papacy. The Latin title Exsurge Domine is translated into English as Arise, O Lord. |
| Pope Adrian VI | last non-Italian pope: protect Christian roles and defend public peace |
| Johann Eck | had an educational debate with Luther |
| Council of Nurembereg | plan to arrest Luther but failed |
| Ignatius of Loyola | principal founder and first Superior General of the Society of Jesus, a religious order of the Catholic Church professing direct service to the Pope in terms of mission. Members of the order are called Jesuits.He was very active in fighting the Protestant Reformation and promoting the subsequent Counter-Reformation |
| Angela Merici | an Italian religious leader and saint |
| Francis Xavier | The Roman Catholic Church considers him to have converted more people to Christianity than anyone since St. Paul |
| John of the Cross | reformation of the Carmelite order, and for his writings; both his poetry and his studies on the growth of the soul (in the Christian sense of detachment from creatures and attachment to God..major figure in Catholic Reformation |
| Francis de Sales | bishop of Geneva; believed that any person could obtain Christian spirituality |
| Antonio | merchant who takes a loan from Shylock |
| Bassanio | friend of Antonio, asks him for a loan |
| Shylock | Jewish money lender |
| Portia | Bassanio's wife |
| bond | word used to describe the conract made between Antonio and Shylock |
| Merchant of Venice - Law | backbone |
| Merchant of Venice - Justice | shouldnt we honor the contract? |
| Merchant of Venice - Mercy | availability of mercy should see salvation |
| Lorenzo de Medici "Il Magnifico" | saw himself as a merchant prince, patron of Renaissance, politician abd banker who funded painters, sculptures, writers, and architects |
| relief ( high, low, bas ) | from which forms project a great deal from the background..high=prominent....low=not as prominent |
| non-finito | unfinished piece of art |
| sculpture "in the round" | a sculpture which is carved all the way around...three dimensional...can be viewed from all sides |
| all' antica | in ancient style |
| contrapposto | put all weight on one leg, causes hips to shift and shoulders to counter balance, which sets up potential for natural pose |
| Pope Julius II | summoned Michelangelo to Rome, commissioned him to do various sculptures and paintings, stormy relationship between the two...Julius known as the terrifying Pope because he had very large passions and rages |
| Pope Leo X | He was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici..He is known primarily for his papal bull against Martin Luther and subsequent failure to stem the Protestant Reformation |
| Thomas Wyatt | Wyatt is credited with introducing the sonnet into English poetry. As well as translating several sonnets by the Italian poet Petrarch, he wrote others of his own...His best-known poems are those that deal with the trials of romantic love. |
| Petrarchan Sonnet | Refers to a concept of unattainable love first developed by Italian humanist and writer, Francesco Petrarch. Petrarch either invented - or made famous the Italian sonnet pattern, which is known to this day as the Petrarchan sonnet or the Italian sonnet. This phrase is often used in reference to romantic literature |
| English Sonnet | poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and logical structure.English poets usually employ iambic pentameter |
| Quatrain | first four lines |
| Couplet | two lines that pair together..usually rhyme |
| Octave | first eight lines |
| Sestet | final six lines |
| Philip Sidney | poet who wrote Astrophil and Stella |
| Edmund Spenser | wrote Amoretti |
| Metaphor | a comparison which does not use like or as |
| Iambic Pentameter | style of writing, every other sylabell is stressed...five feet/step forth/in each/i am/ bic line |
| Teresa of Avila | major figure of the Catholic Reformation as a prominent Spanish mystic and writer and as a monastic reformer. |
| 95 Theses | written by Martin Luther and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. It is vitally important to understand that these theses were used for the intent of displaying Luther's displeasure with the Church's indulgences |