| Graphic organizer | A diagram or pictorial device that shows relationships. |
| Homophone | One of two or more words pronounced alike, but different in spelling or meaning (e.g., hair/hare, scale (fish)/scale (musical)). |
| Hyperbole | An exaggeration or overstatement (e.g., I was so embarrassed I could have died.). |
| Idiomatic language | An expression peculiar to itself grammatically or that cannot be understood if taken literally (e.g., Let’s get on the ball.). |
| Irony | The use of a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal or usual meaning; incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the expected result. |
| Literary conflict | The struggle that grows out of the interplay of the two opposing forces in a plot. |
| Literary elements | The essential techniques used in literature (e.g., characterization, setting, plot, theme). |
| Literary devices | Tools used by the author to enliven and provide voice to the writing (e.g., dialogue, alliteration). |
| Literary structures | The author’s method of organizing text (e.g., foreshadowing, flashbacks). |
| Metaphor | The comparison of two unlike things in which no words of comparison (like or as) are used (e.g., That new kid in class is really a squirrel.). |