- Bond Energy: then energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms
- Bond Length: the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy
- Chemical Bond: a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together
- Chemical formula: indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscrpts
- Covalent Bonding: the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms
- Diatomic Molecule: a molecule with only two atoms
- Dipole: created by equal but opposite charges that are seperated by a shore distance
- Dipole-Dipole: the forces of attraction between polar molecules
- Electron dot nNotation: an electron-configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown, indicated by the dots placed around the elements
- Formula Unit: the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound's formula can be established
- Hybridization: the mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new orbitals of equal energies
- Hydrogen Bonding: the intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons and electronegative atom in a nearby molecule
- Ionic Bonding: chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions
- Ionic Compound: composed of postivite and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive or negative charges are equal
- Lattice Energy: the energy relased when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions
- Lewis Structures: formulas in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner-shell electrons, dot-pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electron
- London Dispersion Forces: the intermolecular attractions resulting fromt he constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles
- Molecular compound: a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules
- Molecular Formula: types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound
- Molecular Polarity: the uneven distribution of molecular charge
- Molecule: a neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds
- Non-polar covalent bond: a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution
- Octed Rule: Chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom by gaining losing sharing electrons has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level
- Polar: having uneven distribution of charge
- Polar-covalent Bond: a covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons
- Single Bond: a covalent bond produced by the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms
- Structural Formula: indicates the kind number arrangement bonds but not the unshared pairs of the atoms in a molecul
- Unshared Pair: a pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs exclusively to one atom; une pair
- VSEPR theory: repulsion between the sets of valence level electrons surrounding an atom causes thses sets to be oriented as far apart as possible