- Active Transport: Is a coupled chemical reaction. ATPases such as Na+/K+ pump. Move solute against gradient.
- Antiport: Transport of solute against its gradient coupled with the transport of a solute down. One transported OUT one transported IN
- c=: concentration of extracellular glucose
- Co-substrates: Carrier
- Competitive Inhibition: 1)Increase Km (lowers affinity) 2) Vmax is unchanged
- Describe formation of Lactate: Glucose ==> 2 lactic acid ==> H+ and lactate-
- Diffusion single file through narrow point: Channel
- Enzyme like reaction: Carrier
- Exhibit counter-transport: Carrier
- Facillitated Diffusion: Solutes pass down their gradients.
- gpaAT family is made of: Antiporters
- gpaAT family transport: Amino Acids
- How does Insulin Lower blood glucose: 1)Increase glucose metabolism in muscle 2)Inhibits glucose production in liver
- How many GLUT proteins are there: 12
- Km=: describes affinity, lower Km the tighter the substrate binds.
- Lactic acid crosses cell membrane by: By diffusion as it is acidic and more permeable in lipids
- MCT family transport: Monocarboxylates
- Michaelis Menten Equation: V = [Vmax]/ 1 + (km/c)
- Non Competitive Inhibition: 1)Lowers Vmax 2) Km is unchanged
- Secondary Transport (cotransport): Secondary active transport couples movement of one substrate against its concentration gradient to the movement of a second solute down its concentration gradient
- Selectivity related to molecular interaction of solute substrate: Carrier
- Selectivity related to size and charge of hydrated ion: Channel
- Symport: Transport of solute against its gradient coupled with the transport of a solute down. Both transported INTO cell.
- Transport is saturable: True
- Uniport: Transport a single solute down its gradient
- V=: initial rate
- Vmax=: rate of transport when all of GLUT1 contain a bound solute
- What % of lactate cross membrane by diffusion: 0.5%
- What class of ATP pump is the Na+/K+ pump: P-class
- What do islet B cells in the pancreas release: Insulin after rise in blood glucose.
- What does the GLUT family transport: Hexoses such as glucose
- What is cytosolic pH kept at: 7.2
- What is the basal plasma concentration of lactate and lactic acid: 1mM (lactic acid 0.0035) and (lactate 0.996)
- What subunits does the ABC Superfamily of ATPases have: 2 A subunits that the ATP bind to in cytosol. 2 T subunits
- What type of transporter are the GLUT family made of: Uniporters and Antiporters
- What type of transporter are the MCT family made of: Symporters
- Where are GLUT2 found: Liver cells and islet B cells of pancreas
- Why does GLUT1 have a lower Km than GLUT2: When INCREASE of blood glucose from b.v 5mM to about 10mM after a meal, GLUT2 will transport double value of glucose whereas GLUT1 transport level increases slightly