- Ring of Fire: this is where most volcanoes and earthquakes happen
- Seismograph: detects earthquakes
- a a: sharp pointed lava
- ash and cinders: comes out of volcano
- cinder cone: a volcano made up of mosly ash and cinders
- core: central part of the earth
- crust: thin outer layer of earth on which we live
- gas and steam: comes out of volcano
- hot spot: the Hawaiian Island chain is created by one of these
- lava: melted rock that comes out of a volcano
- magma: melted rock underground
- pahoehoe: ropy lava
- pangea: supercontinent
- plate tectonics: this theory suggest that the earth is made of nine large plates
- richter scale: a scale that measures how big an earthquake is
- shield volcano: a gentle sided volcano made up of lava
- strato volcano: very explosive, steep sides, half cinders, half lava
- tsunami: a large wave made by an undersea earthquake