- Righter scale: uses information collected by seismographs to determine the relative strength of an earthquake.
- Ring of Fire: a zone around the rim of the Pacific Ocean.
- Tectonic Plate: Enormous moving pieces of the earth's lithosphere.
- absolute location: cation the exact place on earth where a geographic feature such as a city
- atmosphere: the layer of gases surrounding the earth
- biosphere: the part of the earth where plants and animals live
- cartographer: map maker
- chemical weathering: when rock is changed into a new substance
- continent: landmasses above water on earth fit together like a huge jigsaw puzzle.
- continental drift: the idea that the continents where once one and they drifted apart
- continental shelf: the earths surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean
- core: the center of the earth and is made up of iorn and nickel
- crust: thin layer of rock at the earths surface
- delta: fan like landform where a river enters an ocean
- drainage basin: an area drained by a major river
- earthquake: violent movement of the earth.
- epicenter: The point directly above the focus of an earthquake on the earth's surface.
- equator: the imaginary line that divides the north and south half
- erosion: when weathered material is moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity
- fault: Beneath the earth's crust.
- geography: the study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth
- gis: stores information about the world in a digital database
- glaciation: changing of landforms by slowly moving glaciers
- glacier: long-lasting mass of ice
- globe: a three dimensional representation of the earth
- ground water: water held in pores of rock
- hemisphere: each half of the globe
- humus: organic material
- hydrolic cycle: the continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, oceans, and earth
- hydrosphere: the water layer on the earth's surface-
- landforms: naturally formed features o the surface of the earth
- latitude: imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator
- lava: Magma that has reached the earth's surface.
- lithosphere: the solid rock portion of the earth's surface
- loess: wind blown silt.
- longitude: lines that go around the earth over the poles
- magma: molten rock
- mantle: several layers of core
- map: which are two dimensional graphic representations
- map projections: is a way of drawing the earths surface that reduces distortion
- mechanical weathering: doesn't change composition of rock, only size
- moraine: a ridge or hill
- prime meridian: the imaginary line that divides the east and west half
- relative location: describes a place in comparison to other places around it
- relief: the difference of elevation of a land form from its lowest to its highest point
- sediment: mud, sand, or silt
- seismograph: can detect an earthquakes movement.
- solar system: consists of the sun and nine known planets as well as other celestial bodies that orbit the sun
- topographic map: a representation of natural and man made features
- topography: the combination of the surface shape and composition of the land forms and their distribution
- tsunami: A giant wave in the ocean.
- volcano: materials that pour out of crack at the earths surface.
- water table: the level at which the rock is saturated
- weathering: physical and chemical processes that change the characteristics of rock.