Quizlet Translation

Print Options

This box will be automatically hidden when printing. Return to Set Page


  1. aminoacyl tRNA synthetase: enzyme with binding sites for a specific tRNA or a specific amino acids; aminoacyl=tRNA with an amino acid stuck on the end of it synthetase=enzyme that synthesizes
  2. CAP=catabloic activator protein: also called CRP, a cAMP receptor protein, works as an activator
  3. charging tRNA: attaching correct amino acids to specific tRNA according to genetic code
  4. Elongation (Prokaryote and Eukaryote): 1) amino acid-tRNA enters at the A-site of the large ribosome subunit; 2) transpeptidation=peptide bond formed between adjacent amino acids at A site, breakes bonds between amino acids and tRNA at P-site; 3)translocation- ribosome moves over one codon relative to mRNA
  5. genetic code: rules that describe how to take Nucleic Acid information and turn it into a sequence of amino acids in your portein
  6. glucose presence: if it is present, cAMP in cells go down; if absent, cAMP in cells go up
  7. How many amino acids?: There are only 20 amino acids
  8. Immigration night made me sleepy...: *yawn*
  9. Initiation (eukaryotes): 1) met tRNA, initial factors and small subunits combine 2) mRNA bind in Kozak consensus sequence containing start codons AUG; 3) large subunit binds so met-tRNA is positioned at P-site
  10. Initiation (prokaryotes): 1) small subunit of the ribosome (30s) combines with some proteins called initiation factors and mRNA they bind at the Shine-Dalgarno sequence; 2)f-met (Met is on that lame chart she gave us) tRNA binds at start codon AUG; 3) large subunit binds so f-met is at the P-site, a specific place on the subunit
  11. la di da di da...la di da di da..: what's the name of that song...
  12. Large ribosome subunit: A, P, and E sites
  13. mRNA's role in translation: has info for aa ((amino acid)) sequence; has codon that matches with an anti-codon of the tRNA
  14. my glucose level is low...: ..and I'm falling asleep...I need food...
  15. peptidyl transferase: (catylyzed by rRNA- ribozyme of large subunit) bonds adjacent amino acids
  16. Posttranslational processing (Eukaryotes): Process to make proteins work: 1. signal sequence cleaved (secretory and membrane proteins-->rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum); 2. enzymatically cut (pro- protein-->proteins) 3. chemical modification -carbohydrates--> glycoproteins -targeting and sequestering -prosthetic groups
  17. regulation of gene expression (prokaryotes): operon theory, example: Lac operon controls expression of genes for lactose metabolism, lactose (dissacharide) is glucose and galactose
  18. ribosomes (eukaryote 80s): small subunit= 40s, made of 18s rRNA and 30 proteins; large subunit 60s, made of 5s+58s+28s rRNA and 50 proteins
  19. ribosomes (prokaryote 70s): small subunit= 30s, made of a 16s rRNA and 20 proteins; large subunit= 23s+5s rRNA and 30 proteins
  20. rRNA's role in translation: ribosome enzymatic machinery
  21. STOP!: Hammertime!
  22. Termination (prokaryotes and Eukaryotes): 1) ribosome translocate so STOP codon enters A-site; 2) release factor inds to stop codon, no amino acid tRNA can recognize it 3) peptidyl transferase breaks bond between amino acid and tRNA at f-site releasing the polypeptide chain (protein) 4) recycling factors bind to split mRNA and ribosome subunits
  23. Translation: Protein Synthesis
  24. triple nucleotides: AUGC for RNA are nucleotides....they are organized into three letter triplets, for example, AUG, ACG
  25. tRNA's role in translation: brings amino acids and matches them up with the mRNA sequence; has anti-codon that matches a codon on a mRNA
  26. when glucose is low: and cAMP is high, it can bind to the cap site, it's active. it's an RNA polymerase helper, promotes transcription