Quizlet College Chem Midterm

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  1. 3 states of matter: solid, liquid, gas
  2. atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
  3. binary compound: a two-element compound
  4. chemistry: study of matter and its changes
  5. compound: a substance with constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes
  6. density: describes how closely packed the particles of matter are (mass/volume)
  7. diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, At2 (not in subscript)
  8. dimensional analysis: a method of solving problems by studying and using the units of the meaurements in the problem
  9. distillation: a method for separating the components of a liquid mixture that depends on differences in the ease of vaporization of the components
  10. element: a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
  11. filtration: the method for seperating the components of a mixture containing a solid and a liquid
  12. heterogeneous mixture: a mixture that has different properties in different regions of the mixture
  13. homogeneous mixture: a mixture that is the same throughout; a solution
  14. hypothesis: one or more testable assumptions put forth in an attempt to answer a question
  15. ion: an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
  16. ionic compound: a compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form cations and anions
  17. isotope: atoms of the same element (the same number of protons) that have different numbers of neutrons
  18. law: a well tested and proven fact about nature.. a universal truth that doesn't change
  19. mass number: the total number of protons and neutronsin the atomic nucleusof an atom
  20. matter: has mass and takes up space (volume)
  21. molecular compounds: two or more elements (nonmetals) covalently bonded
  22. oxidation: atom loses electrons
  23. polyatomic ions: ions which contain two or more atoms covalently combined
  24. pure substance: a substance with constant composition
  25. qualitative observations: observations that are observed (ex. color, shape)
  26. quantitative observations: observations that are calculated (ex. time, mass)
  27. reduction: atom gains electrons
  28. science: the study of nature
  29. solution: a homogeneous mixture; the same throughout
  30. The scientific method: observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion
  31. theory: an attempt to explain why nature behaves the way it does... can change as technological advances occur