- 3 states of matter: solid, liquid, gas
- atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- binary compound: a two-element compound
- chemistry: study of matter and its changes
- compound: a substance with constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes
- density: describes how closely packed the particles of matter are (mass/volume)
- diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, At2 (not in subscript)
- dimensional analysis: a method of solving problems by studying and using the units of the meaurements in the problem
- distillation: a method for separating the components of a liquid mixture that depends on differences in the ease of vaporization of the components
- element: a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
- filtration: the method for seperating the components of a mixture containing a solid and a liquid
- heterogeneous mixture: a mixture that has different properties in different regions of the mixture
- homogeneous mixture: a mixture that is the same throughout; a solution
- hypothesis: one or more testable assumptions put forth in an attempt to answer a question
- ion: an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
- ionic compound: a compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form cations and anions
- isotope: atoms of the same element (the same number of protons) that have different numbers of neutrons
- law: a well tested and proven fact about nature.. a universal truth that doesn't change
- mass number: the total number of protons and neutronsin the atomic nucleusof an atom
- matter: has mass and takes up space (volume)
- molecular compounds: two or more elements (nonmetals) covalently bonded
- oxidation: atom loses electrons
- polyatomic ions: ions which contain two or more atoms covalently combined
- pure substance: a substance with constant composition
- qualitative observations: observations that are observed (ex. color, shape)
- quantitative observations: observations that are calculated (ex. time, mass)
- reduction: atom gains electrons
- science: the study of nature
- solution: a homogeneous mixture; the same throughout
- The scientific method: observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion
- theory: an attempt to explain why nature behaves the way it does... can change as technological advances occur