Quizlet Hasty Midterm Chem Definitions

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  1. activity series of metals: lits metals in order of decreasing reactivity
  2. alkali metals: any metal in group 1A on the periodic table
  3. alkaline earth metals: any metal in group 2A on the periodic table
  4. alpha particles: contain two protons and two neutrons and have a double positive charge
  5. alpha radiation: consists of helium nuclei that have been emitted from a radioactive source,
  6. atom: smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
  7. Atomic mass: the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element
  8. atomic number: the number of protons iin the nucleus of an atom represented by the letter Z
  9. avogadro's number: 6.02 X 10^23
  10. band of stability: the stable nuclei on a neutron-vs-proton plot
  11. beta particles: a fast moving electrons emitted from a certain radioactive nuclei, it is formed when a neutron decomposes
  12. beta radiation: fast-moving electron emitted from certain radioactive nuclei, it is formed when a neutron decomposes
  13. boling point: temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure
  14. catalyst: a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up
  15. Chemical properties: describes chemical changes. ex - rust, rot, decay
  16. Chemical property: the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions and to form new substances
  17. coefficients: a small whole number ratio that appears in front of a formula in an equation
  18. compound: a substance that can be seperated into simpler substances only by chemical reactions
  19. control rod: a steel or aluminum rod that can be moved up or down to control the rate of the nuclear reaction
  20. crystals: atoms, ions, or molectules are arranged in an orderly repeating three dimensional pattern
  21. Daltons Atomic Theroy: a) all substancs were composoesd of tiny invinsible particles called atoms. b) atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different thant hose of any other element. c) Atoms of different elements can combine with one another in whole number ratios to compounds. d) chcemical reactions occur when atoms are seperated, joined, or rearranged
  22. density: mass over volume
  23. electrons: the atomic#, equal to protons, negitivly charged substance particle
  24. element: a substance that cannot be changed into a simpler substance under normal laboratory conditions
  25. empirical formula: lowest whole number ratio of the elements in a compound
  26. evaporation: vaporization of an uncontained liquid
  27. fission: splitting of a nucelus into smaller fragments
  28. fusion: a reaction in which two light nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of heavier mass, accompained by the realease of a large amount of energy
  29. gamma radiation: electromagnetic radiation
  30. gas: shape+volume of container
  31. half life: the time requred for one half of the atons of a radioisotope to emit radiation and to decay to products
  32. Halogens: gasses within group 7A
  33. heterogenous mixture: not uniform in composition. ex-soil, fruit salad, dirt
  34. homogenous mixture: uniform composition. ex toothpaste, bronze
  35. Ion: atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge
  36. isotope: atoms of the same element with a different mass
  37. Law of conservation of masss: in any physical or chemical reaction mass is neither created nor destroyed
  38. liquid: shape of container and volume
  39. mass: amount of matter
  40. mass #: protons + neutrons
  41. matter: takes up space
  42. mixture: a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
  43. molar mass: mass of one mole of any element or compound
  44. Mole: 6.022 X 10^23 representative particles of a substance
  45. molecular formula: a chemical formula that shows the actual number and kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound
  46. monatomic ion: an ion formed from a single atom.
  47. neutrons: mass - protons, subatomic particle with no change
  48. noble gasses: any member of a group of gaseous elements in group 0 of the periodic table; the s and p sublevels of their outermost energy level are filled
  49. nuclear reaction: a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei
  50. nuclear reactor: A device where a chain reaction is maintained and controlled for the production of nuclear energy or radioactive isotopes.
  51. percent mass: mass of a certain element compared to the mass of the compound
  52. periodic table: elements that are arranged in rows and colums according to similarities in their properties
  53. photon: a quantum of light; a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy that behaves as a particle
  54. physical changes: alters substance without changing composition. ex-melt, freeze, oil, condense, crush
  55. physical property: observed or measured wthout changing composition
  56. polyatomic ion: tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge
  57. protons: the atomic #, equal to electrons, positivly charged substance particle
  58. solid: definite shape-volume
  59. solution: homogeneous mixture
  60. STP: 0 degrees C.
  61. sublimination: the change of a substance from a solid to a gas or vapor without passing through the liquid state
  62. substance: mater that has uniform and definite composition
  63. transition metals: the b group elements, innder transition mentals or rare earths
  64. vapor gas: gas that usually a liquid or a solid at room temperature
  65. vapor pressure: vaporized particles collide with the walls of a sealed containor