Quizlet History

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  1. a. philip randolph: important black labor leader
  2. Aaron Burr: Democratic-Republican and running mate of Thomas Jefferson in the 1800 election
  3. aboliton: movment to outlaw slavery
  4. abraham lincoln: 16TH PRES during civil war
  5. Adams-Onis Treaty: Treaty that secured the purchase of Flordia from Spain
  6. adolf hitler: nazi dictator of germany
  7. alamo: site of a key battle in the texas revoultion
  8. alexander graham bell: inventor of the telephone
  9. Alexander Hamilton: An early Federalist leader
  10. alfred t. mahan: american imperialist who urged the building of the u.s. navy
  11. Alien and Sedition Acts: Laws that made it harder to become a citizen and created harsh punishments for people who criticize the government
  12. allie: one side in WWI great britain france and russia
  13. allies: group of about 26 nations who opposed the axis powers, u.s. soviet union, britain and france
  14. alvin york: american war hero
  15. american expeditionary force: american military force that fought in WWI
  16. american federation of labor: name of union led by gompers
  17. American System: Clay's plan for economic development
  18. americanization movement: program to teach ami culture to immigrants
  19. anaconda plan: three part union plan for victory
  20. andersonville: confederate war camp
  21. andrew carnegie: scottich immigrant who became a giant in the steel industry
  22. Andrew Jackson: General who led American forces in Battle of New Orleans
  23. Andrew Jackson: Military hero and seventh president
  24. andrew johnson: president after lincolns assasination
  25. angel island: inspection station for immigrants west coast
  26. Anne Hutchinson: Puritan dissenter banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony who fled to Rhode Island in 1638
  27. annex: to make part of
  28. antebellum: pre-civil war
  29. antietam: union victory
  30. Antifederalists: People opposed to ratification of the new Constitution
  31. antonio lopez de santa anna: mexican president who fought texans
  32. appeasement: trying to pacify an aggressor in order to keep the peace
  33. appomattox court house: site of the confederate surrender
  34. apprentice: a worker learning a trade or craft, usually under the supervision of a master
  35. archduke franz ferdinand: yound austrian heir whose assasination triggered the war
  36. armistice: truce agreement
  37. Armistice: End to fighting the war
  38. Articles of Confederation: The set of laws that established the first government of the United States
  39. atlantic charter: british and american statement of goals for fighting WWII
  40. axis powers: germany, italy, and japan
  41. Bank of the United States: National bank established by Congress first in 1791 and then in 1816
  42. Bank of the United States: A national bank funded by the federal government and wealth investors
  43. battle of midway: american victory that was a turning point in the pacific war
  44. battle of the bulge: last german attempt at an offensive strike at the allies
  45. benin: african kingdom around the niger river
  46. benito mussolini: facist dictator of italy
  47. Benjamin Franklin: Philadelphia inventor, writer, and political leader
  48. benjamin harrison: 23rd president
  49. bernard M. baruch: leader of the war industries board
  50. bessemer process: technique used to make steel from iron
  51. Bill of Rights: Set of amendments passed to protect individual rights
  52. Bill of RIghts: First ten Amendments
  53. black codes: laws enacted in many southern states that discriminated against african americans
  54. bleeding kansas: nickname given to territory cause of the violence
  55. blitzkrieg: lightning war strategy used by germany against poland
  56. Blockade: Sealing ports to prevent other ships from entering or leaving
  57. booker t. washington: prominent black educator
  58. boss tweed: head of new yorks powerful democratic machine
  59. Boston Massacre: Conflict between colonists and British soldiers in which four colonists were killed
  60. Boston Tea Party: Protest against increased prices in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor
  61. boxer rebellion: chinese rebellion against western influence
  62. brigaham young: leader of mormons who decided to move to utah
  63. bull moose party: nickname for the new progressive party
  64. bull run: battle won by confederates
  65. Cabinet: Chief advisers of the president
  66. capitalism: economic system in which individuals and businesses control the means of production
  67. carpetbagger: northerner who moved south during reconstruction
  68. carrie chapman catt: president of NAWSA
  69. Cash Crop: A crop grown for sale rather than for the farmer's use
  70. central powers: germany austria-hungary and the ottoman empire
  71. chancellorsville: confederate victory in virginia
  72. Charles Cornwallis: British general
  73. charles de gaulle: head of french government in exile in england
  74. charles grandison finney: an important precher in the revivalist movement
  75. Checks and Balances: Powers given to separate branches of government to keep any one from getting too much power
  76. Checks and Balances: Provisions of the Constitution that keep one branch of the government from controlling the other two branches
  77. chester a. arthur: 21 president
  78. chester nimitz: commander of the american naval forces in the pacific
  79. Chief Executive: President of the United States
  80. chinese exclusion act: limited chinese immigration
  81. chirstopher sholes: inventor of the typewriter
  82. christopher columbus: itailian explorer who sailed to north america for spain
  83. civil disobediance: the form of protest that calls on people to disobey unjust laws
  84. civil servie: government administration
  85. clara barton: union nurse
  86. clayton antitrust act: law that weakend monopolies and upheld rights of unions
  87. colonization: the establishment of outlying settlements
  88. columbian exchange: early trade across atlantic
  89. Committees of Correspondence: A network of communication set up in Massachusetts and Virginia to inform other colonies of ways that Britain threatened colonial rights
  90. Common Sense: Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that attacked the monarchy
  91. compromise of 1850: series or measures that were intended to settle the disagreements between free states and slave states
  92. compromise of 1877: ended reconstruction and gave presidency to hayes
  93. concentration camp: prison camps operated by the nazis where jews were worked sometimes to death
  94. confederacy: Confederate States of America
  95. Confederation: A loose alliance of states
  96. Congress: National legislature
  97. congress of racial quality: interracial organization formed to fight discrimination
  98. conquistador: spanish explorer
  99. conscientious objector: person who believes fighting is wrong and therefore doesn't want to be in the military
  100. conscription: the draft
  101. conservation: the planned management of natural resources
  102. convoy system: having merchant ships travel in groups protected by warships
  103. copperhead: northern democrat
  104. cottage industy: system in which manufacturers provided materials to be produced at home
  105. Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney's invention for cleaning cotton
  106. credit mobilier: name of company involved in stealing of rr money
  107. crusades: series of wars started by europeans to win bak the holy land
  108. cult of domesticity: social customs that restricted women to caring for the house
  109. cyrus mc cormick: inventor of the mechanical reaper
  110. d-day: allied invasion of nazi-controlled france
  111. daniel burnham: chicago architect
  112. Daniel Webster: A Senate leader from Massachusetts
  113. david g. farragut: commander of the union navy
  114. david lloyd george: british prime minister
  115. david walker: a free african america who urged blacks to take freedom by force
  116. debt peonage: system of forced slavery to pay debts
  117. Declaration of Independence: Document that said the United States was an independent nation
  118. Democratic-Republican Party: Party started by Jackson's followers
  119. Democratic-Republicans: Jefferson's political party and ancestors of today's Democratic Party
  120. division of labor: assignment of differnt jobs to differnt indivi.
  121. dollar diplomacy: policy of intervening in other countries to protect u.s. business interests
  122. Dominion of New England: A huge colony formed by the King of England, which included land from southern Maine to New Jersey
  123. dorothea dix: reformer who worked with mentally ill
  124. Double Jeopardy: Being tried more than once for the same crime
  125. Douglas MacArthur: american commander in the phillippines
  126. dred scott: slave who was breifly taken by his owner into free territory
  127. Due process of law: All the procedures for fair treatment must be carried out whenever a citizen is accused of a crime
  128. dwight d eisenhower: american general of forces in europe
  129. eddie rickenbacker: famouse american fighter pilot
  130. Edmond Genet: French diplomat who tried to get American support against the British
  131. edwin l. drake: first person to use steam engine to drill for oil
  132. Egalitarianism: A belief in equality
  133. Elastic Clause: Clause in the Constitution that allows Congress to pass laws necessary to carry out its enumerated powers
  134. Electoral College: A group selected to elect the president, in which each state's number of electors in equal to the number of its senators and representatives in Congress
  135. Electoral College: Electors chosen by the states to elect the president and vice president
  136. Eli Whitney: Inventor of interchangeable parts and the cotton gin
  137. elizabeth cady stanton: leader in the abolition and womens rights movements
  138. ellis island: inspection station for immigrants arriving on the east coast
  139. emancipation: the freeing of slaves
  140. emancipation proclamation: order issued by lincoln freeing slaves behind confederate lines
  141. Embargo: A ban on exporting goods to other countries
  142. emilio aguinaldo: filipino rebel leader
  143. encomienda: brutal spanish system of native labor
  144. Enlightenment: Intellectual movement that started in Europe
  145. entrepreneur: business owner
  146. Enumerated Powers: Powers specifically granted in the Constitution
  147. Erie Canal: Canal that connected the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean
  148. espionage and sedition acts: laws that enacted harsh punishments against anyone who opposed participation in the war
  149. eugene v. debbs: leader of the american railway company
  150. Excise Tax: Tax on goods produced within the country
  151. Executive Branch: The branch of government that makes laws
  152. Extradition: Procedure for returning a person charged with a crime to the state where the crime was committed
  153. facism: political system based on a strong centralized government headed by a dictator
  154. federal reserve system: national banking system
  155. federal trade commission: federal agency to investigate businesses to inforce laws
  156. Federalism: The division of power between the federal and state governments
  157. Federalists: Supporters of the new Constitution
  158. fifteeth amendment: banned states from denying african americans the right to vote
  159. fifty four forty or fight: u.s. call for annexation of oregon territory
  160. foraker act: law which ended military rule in puerto rico
  161. fort pillow: site of confederate massacre of 200 afric. american prisoners
  162. fort sumter: union fort in charleston SC
  163. fourteen points: wilson's plan for world peace after WWI
  164. fourteenth amendment: gave african americans citizenship
  165. francisco "pancho" villa: mexican revolutionary
  166. Francisco franco: facist dictator of spain
  167. franklin pierce: 14th president
  168. frederick douglas: noted abolitionsits leader
  169. frederick law olmsted: developer of central park
  170. free soil party: political party formed to oppose extending slavery in the territories
  171. freedmen's bureau: government agency that helped former slaves and poor whites by giving out food and clothing
  172. freeport doctrine: idea that any territory could ban slavery simply by refusing slavery laws
  173. French and Indian War: War that gave the British control of North America
  174. Friedrich von Steuben: Prussian officer who helped train American soldiers
  175. fugitive slave act: law that provided for harsh treatment for escaped slaves and for those who helped them
  176. gag rule: a rule limiting debate on an issue
  177. general john j. pershing: commander of AEF
  178. genocide: deliberate and systematic killin of an entire people
  179. gentlemens agreement: limited jap immigration to u.s.
  180. george creel: head of the committee on public information
  181. george dewey: u.s. naval commander who led the phillipine attacks
  182. george eastman: inventor of kodak camera
  183. George Grenville: Financial expert who was appointed prime minister of Britain in 1763
  184. george m. pullman: inventor of the sleeping car
  185. george marshall: army chief of staff during WWII
  186. george mcclellan: union general
  187. george patton: american general who led the third army to liberate paris
  188. George Washington: Led Virginia troops in first battle of the French and Indian War
  189. georges clemenceau: french premier
  190. gettysburg: most decisive battle of the war
  191. gettysburg address: inportant speech by lincoln
  192. ghetto: a segregated neighborhood
  193. GI bill of rights: law passed by congress to help servicemen readjust to civillan life
  194. gifford pinchot: head of the u.s. forest service
  195. graft: use of political influence for personal gain
  196. grandfather clause: allowed poor uneducated whites to vote
  197. Great Awakening: Religious revival movement in the colonies
  198. Great Compromise: Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house
  199. great migration: movement of many blacks from southern cities to the north
  200. grover cleveland: 22nd and 24th president
  201. habeas corpus: court order that says people have a right to know why they are being jailed
  202. harpers ferry: location of federal arsenal that john borwn raided to arm slaves
  203. harriet beecher stowe: wrote uncle toms cabin
  204. harriet tubman: famous conductor on the underground railroad
  205. harry s. truman: 33rd president of the U.S.
  206. headright system: the virgina companys system
  207. henry cabot lodge: conservative senetor who wanted to keep the u.s. out of the league of nations
  208. Henry Clay: Speaker of the House of Representative and political leader from Kentucky
  209. henry david thoreau: author of walden who practiced transcendentalism
  210. hernando cortes: defeated the aztecs
  211. hideki tojo: prime minister of japan during WWII
  212. hierarchy: social ordering by rank
  213. hiram revels: first black senator
  214. hiroshima: city that was the site of the first atomic bomb drop in japan
  215. holocaust: systematic murder of 11 million jews by the nazis
  216. home rule: run state governments without federal interference
  217. horace greeley: newspaper editor who strongly supposrted the newly formed republican party
  218. horizontal integration: process in which companies producing
  219. House of Representatives: Lower house of the national legislature
  220. ida b. wells: black reformer who tried to end lynching
  221. impeach: legal process to formally charge the president with misconduct in office
  222. imperialism: practice of strong countries taking power of smaller countries
  223. Impressment: act of seizing sailors to work on ships
  224. income tax: TAX THAT TAKES A PERCENTAGE OF AN INDIVIDUALS INCOME
  225. indentured servents: workers who traded prison life for new start in NA
  226. Indian Removal Act: Law that forced Native Americans to move west
  227. Industrial Revolution: A change in the making of goods from small workshops to large factories that used machines
  228. Inflation: Rise in the price of goods
  229. Interchangeable Parts: Standardized parts that can be used in place of one another
  230. internment: confinement under guard, especially during wartime
  231. interstate commerce act: law granting congress authority to regulate rr activities
  232. Intolerable Acts: A series of laws set up by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for it protests against the British
  233. iroquois: native americans in eastern NA
  234. islam: religion founded by muhammed
  235. IWWW: union of radicals n socialists "wobblies"
  236. j. robert oppenheimer: scientist who led the manhattan project
  237. james a. garfield: 20th president
  238. james buchanan: 15 president
  239. james farmer: civil rights leader who founded the congress of tacial equality
  240. James Madison: One of the leaders of the Constitutional Convention
  241. jamestown: first permanent settlement
  242. jane adams: social reformer who helped poor
  243. japanese american citizens league: civil rights group formed by japanese americans
  244. jefferson davis: president of the confederacy
  245. jim crowe laws: laws that helped segregation
  246. john brown: fierce opponent of slavery who led a raid that killed five proslaves
  247. John C. Calhoun: Vice-President and congressional leader from South Carolina
  248. john c. fremont: republican canidate in the 1856 presidential election
  249. john d. rockefeller: standard oil trust
  250. john deere: inventor of the steel plow
  251. john hay: u.s. secretary of state
  252. john j. pershing: u.s. general who led troops to capture villa
  253. John Jay: Negotiated a treaty with Britain over territory
  254. John Marshall: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
  255. John Quincy Adams: Sixth president of the United States
  256. john smith: leader of jamestown
  257. John Tyler: Tenth president
  258. john wilkes booth: shot lincoln
  259. John Winthrop: Leader of the first settlers at Massachusetts Bay Colony
  260. joint-stock: companies where investors poured in their wealth
  261. Jonathan Edwards: Forceful preacher in the Great Awakening
  262. jose marti: political activist who fought for cuban independence
  263. joseph pulitzer: owner of the new york world newspaper
  264. joseph smith: founder of mormons
  265. joseph stalin: communist dictator of the soviet union
  266. journeyman: skilled worker employed by masters
  267. juan ponce de leon: discovered florida
  268. Judicial Branch: The branch of government that interprets the laws and the Constitution
  269. Judicial Power: Authority to decide cases involving disputes over the law or behavior of people
  270. Judicial Review: Authority to decide whether a law is constitutional
  271. Judicial Review: The power of judges to declare a law unconstitutional
  272. Judiciary Act of 1789: Law that set up the national court system
  273. Judiciary Act of 1801: Law the increased the number of federal judges by sixteen
  274. kamikaze: japanese suicide flight
  275. kansas nebraska act: law that split kansas territory into two states
  276. Kayshaya Pomo: Native indian group from california
  277. King George lll: King of England during the American Revolution
  278. King Philip's War: Conflict between settlers and Native Americans
  279. kinship: family ties
  280. KKK: terrorist group of white southerners who were racist against blacks
  281. know nothing party: political party formed to stopo the influence of immigrants
  282. kongo: small kingdoms on the lower congo river
  283. kristallnacht: night when nazis in germany attacked jews, their businesses and synagogues
  284. kwakiutl: native american group that lived on northwest coast
  285. land grant: gift of public land to an individual
  286. Land Ordinance of 1785: A law that set up a plan for surveying land west of the Appalachian Mountains
  287. leage of nations: an international peace-keeping organization
  288. Legislative Branch: The branch of government that makes laws
  289. lend-lease act: law that allowed FDR to lend arms to any nation vital to us defence
  290. Lewis and Clark: Leaders of an expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase
  291. lineage: descent from a common ancestor
  292. Little Turtle: Native American leader who led Native American confederacy against Americans in the Battle of Fallen Timbers
  293. louis sullivan: early leader of architecture
  294. Louisiana Purchase: Land bought from France in 1803
  295. Loyalists: Colonists who were loyal to Britain
  296. lucretia mott: leader in the abolition and womens rights movements
  297. lusitania: british passanger ship attacked and sunk by germans
  298. manhattan project: secret research project that resulted in the atomic bomb
  299. manifest destiny: belief that the united states would expand across the continent
  300. Marbury v. Madison: Court case that established the power of judicial review
  301. mark twain: pen name of the novelist samuel clemens
  302. market revolution: economic changes where people buy and sell goods
  303. Marquis de Lafayette: French noble who helped the Americans
  304. Martial Law: Rule by the military
  305. Martin Van Buren: Eighth president
  306. mary harris jones: organizer for the united mine workers
  307. Mass Production: The making of goods in large amounts
  308. mass transit: transportation system that moved large numbers of people
  309. Massachusetts Bay Colony: Colony founded by Puritans in 1630
  310. master: a skilled artisan who owned a business and employed others
  311. McColloch v. Maryland: Supreme Court case that denied Maryland the right to tax the Bank of the United States
  312. meat inspection act: law reforming meatpacking conditions
  313. melting pot: mixture of different cultures living together
  314. Mercantilism: Theory that countries should acquire gold and focus on exporting goods and owning colonies
  315. merrimack: confederate ironclad
  316. mestizo: person of mixed spanish and native american heritage
  317. Metacom: Native American chief who fought against English colonists in the King Philip's War
  318. Middle Passage: The voyage that brought slaves to America
  319. Midnight Judge: Judge appointed to the Supreme Court by President Adams late on the last day of his administration
  320. militarism: building up armed forces to prepare for war
  321. millard fillmore: 13th president
  322. Minutemen: Civilian soldiers
  323. Missouri Compromise: Agreement that temporarily settled the issue of slavery in the territories
  324. monitor: union ironclad
  325. Monroe Doctrine: Warning to European nations not to interfere in the Americas
  326. mormons: religious group that settled near great salt lake
  327. munn v. illinois: court case that gave government right to regulate private industry
  328. NAACP: nation association for the advancement of colored people
  329. NACW: nation association of colored women
  330. nagasaki: city where a second atomic bomb was droped in japan
  331. nat turner: leader of a violent slave rebellion
  332. Nathaniel Bacon: Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the governor of the Virginia Colony
  333. national bank act: law that set up a system of federal banks
  334. National Road: A federally funded road, stretching from Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois
  335. national trades union: early national workers organizations
  336. nationalism: a devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation
  337. Nationalism: A belief that national interests as a whole should be more important than what one region wants
  338. nativism: favoring native born people over immigrants
  339. nativism: favoring native born people
  340. Navigation Acts: Laws passed by the British to control colonial trade
  341. NAWSA: nations american woman suffrage association
  342. nazism: facist political philosophy of germany under nazi dictator Hitler
  343. Neutrality: To support neither side
  344. neutrality acts: laws passed by congress to ban the sale of arms or loans to nations at war
  345. neville chamberlain: prime minister of great britain before WWII
  346. New France: French colony in North America
  347. new mexico: spanish colonies in NA
  348. New Netherland: Colony founded by the Dutch in 1621
  349. new spain: spanish colony in the new world
  350. niagra movement: insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education
  351. nineteenth amendment: gave the right of suffrage to women
  352. no man's land: the space between armies fighting each other
  353. nonagression pact: agreement between germany and russia not to fight one another
  354. Northwest Ordinance of 1787: Law that organized the Northwest Territories
  355. nuclear family: household consisting of mom dad and children
  356. Nullification: The idea that states had the right to nullify or void any law they deemed unconstitutional
  357. nuremberg trials: tribunal that tired nazi leaders for war crimes
  358. office of price administration: agency that fought inflation
  359. Olive Branch Petition: An offer of peace sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George lll
  360. omar bradley: american general
  361. open door notes: message sent by john hay to other countries to protect u.s. trading in china
  362. oregon trail: trail from missouri to oregon
  363. orville and wilbur wright: brothers who flew the first airplane
  364. panama canal: a channel across central america between pacific and atlantic
  365. panic of 1873: financial crisis that started an economic depression
  366. Panice of 1837: A series of financial failures that led to an economic depression
  367. Parliament: The lawmaking body of England
  368. Patriots: Colonists who wanted independence from Britain
  369. patronage: giving of government jobs to people who helped you get elected
  370. payne-aldrich tariff: bill meant to lower tariffs on imported goods
  371. pearl harbor: naval port in hawaii
  372. pendleton civil service act: that implemented merit system in civil service hiring
  373. Pequot War: A1637 conflict in which the Pequots battled Connecticut colonists
  374. personal liberty laws: laws passed by nothern staes forbidding the imprisonment of escaped slaves
  375. plantation: a huge farm where slaves work
  376. platt amendment: provisions in the cuban consition that gave the u.s. broad rights in that country
  377. plessy v. ferguson: court case uphelp the jim crowe laws
  378. Plymouth Colony: Second permanent English colony in North America founded by the Pilgrims
  379. political machine: groupe that controlled a political party
  380. poll tax: money one had to pay in order to vote
  381. Pontiac: Native American leader who fought the British
  382. pope: pueblo religious leader who led uprising against spanish
  383. popular sovereignty: idea that people living in a territory should make their own decisions especially the decision to admit slavery
  384. powhatan: natives that lived in jamestown area
  385. Preamble: Introduction to the Constitution
  386. prince henry: protugese prince who started a school for sailors
  387. Proclamation of 1763: Law limiting the area of English settlement
  388. Profiteering: Selling goods that are difficult to come by for a profit
  389. propaganda: a kind of biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions
  390. Proprietor: Owner of a colony
  391. Protective Tariff: Tax on imported goods to protect domestic business
  392. protectorate: a country that is partly controlled by another, stronger country
  393. pueblo: native american group eastern NA
  394. pure food and drug act: law to stop the sale of unclean food and drugs
  395. Puritans: Members of a religious group known for its strict beliefs
  396. Quakers: Members of a religious group known for tolerance
  397. queen lilioukalani: hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by u.s. businessmen
  398. radical republican: one the congressional republicans who wanted to destroy the polical power of southerners
  399. ralph waldo emerson: leading transcendentalist philosopher
  400. Ratification: Official approval of the Constitution
  401. Ratify: Officially approve the Constiitution or an Amendment to it
  402. rationing: restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military
  403. reconstruction: period of rebuilding the nation after the civil war
  404. red cross: relief angency founded by clara barton in 1881
  405. redemption: regaining of power in democratic south
  406. reformation: split in the christian church that led to protestantism
  407. renaissance: period when europeans began investigating all aspects of physical world
  408. reparations: payments made by defeated countries after a war
  409. Republic: A government in which the people elect representative to govern
  410. republic of texas: independent nation that was created after texans defeated mexico in the texas revoulution
  411. republican party: political party formed to oppose extending slavery in the territories
  412. Republicanism: The idea that governments should be based on the consent of the people
  413. Reserved Powers: Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong to the states and the people
  414. revival: a religious gathering that relied on emotional sermons
  415. robert e. lee: confederate general
  416. roger b. taney: chief justic who wrote the ruling in the dred scott case
  417. Roger Sherman: Delegate who developed the Great Compromise
  418. Roger Williams: Puritan dissenter who set up a new colony in Rhode Island
  419. roosevelt corollary: roosevelts extension of the monroe doctrine
  420. rough riders: fighting unit led by teddy roosevelt
  421. Royal Colony: A colony under the direct control of a monarch
  422. rural free delivery: system that brought packages directly to the home
  423. rutherford b. hayes: president who ended reconstruction
  424. rutherford b. hayes: 19 th president
  425. Sacajawea: Native American woman who served as a guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition
  426. Salutary Neglect: An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies
  427. sam houston: first president of the republic of texas
  428. Samuel Adams: One of the founders of the Sons of Liberty
  429. samuel f.b. morse: inventor of the telegraph
  430. samuel gompers: union leader
  431. samuel j. tilden: pres. canidate for democrats
  432. san juan hill: important american victory in cuba
  433. sanford b. dole: ami businessmen who became pres of government after queen was pushed out
  434. sante fe trail: trail from missouri to new mexico
  435. sarah and angelina grimke: leaders in the abolitionists movement
  436. Saratoga: Battle won by the Americans in 1777
  437. savana: a dry grassland with trees and bushes
  438. scalawag: white southerner who joined republican party
  439. secession: decision by a state to leave the union
  440. Second Continental Congress: The meeting of colonial delegates that approved the Declaration of Independence
  441. second great awakening: widespread spiritual gathering
  442. Sectionalism: Practice of placing the interests of one region over those of the nation as a whole
  443. segregation: word used to describe racial seperation
  444. selective service act: law requiring men to register for military service
  445. Senate: Upper house of the national legislature
  446. seneca falls convention: convention held to argue for womens rights
  447. Separatists: Members of a Puritan group who established their own congregations
  448. settlement house: community center that addressed problems in slum neighborhoods
  449. sharcropping: system in which landowners leased their land in return for portion of crops
  450. Shays's Rebellion: Anti-tax protest by farmers
  451. sherman antitrust act: law that outlawed trusts
  452. shiloh: union victory
  453. Sir Edmund Andros: Governor appointed by the king of England to govern over the Dominion of England
  454. Slave: Person who is considered the property of another
  455. social darwinism: theory that taught only the strong survive
  456. social gospel movement: movement that urged people to help the poor
  457. songhai: large african kingdom known for tradin
  458. soujourner truth: former slave who became womens rights activist
  459. specialization: in farming the raising or one or two crops for sale
  460. Spoils System: System in which incoming political parties throw out former government workers and replace them with their own friends
  461. square deal: president roosevelt's program of progressive reforms
  462. Stamp Act: Law passed by Parliament to make colonists buy a stamp to place on many items such as wills and newspapers
  463. State of the Union Address: Message delivered by the president once a year
  464. stephen a. douglas: senator from illinois who worked to pass the compromise of 1850
  465. stephen f. austin: leader of american colony in texas
  466. stonewall jackson: confederate general
  467. Stono Rebellion: A 1739 slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina
  468. strike: work stoppages by workers
  469. Succession: Order in which the office of president is filled if it becomes vacant before an election
  470. suffrage: the right to vote
  471. Suffrage: Right to vote
  472. Sugar Act: Law passed by Parliament to try to raise money
  473. Supreme Court: Highest federal court in the United States
  474. susan b. anthony: leader of women suffrage movement
  475. taino: native americans who lived where columbus landed
  476. Tariff of 1816: A protective tariff designed to help American industries
  477. Tariff of Abominations: Henry Clay's name for an 1828 tariff increase
  478. Tecumseh: Shawnee chief who formed Native American confederation to fight Americans
  479. telegraph: device that sends messgaes by wires
  480. temperance movement: movement to ban the drinking of alcohol
  481. tenant farming: renting farmland for cash
  482. tenement: multifamily urban dwellings
  483. texas revolution: texas war for independence
  484. thaddeus stevens: one of the radical leaders
  485. The Federalist: Essays written by the Federalist leaders that defended the Constitution
  486. the jungle: novel by upton sinclair that exposed meatpacking
  487. theodore roosevelt: president from 1901 to 1909
  488. thirteenth amendment: abolished slavery everywhere in the u.s.
  489. thomas alva edison: inventor of the light bulb
  490. Thomas Jefferson: Main author of the Declaration of Independence
  491. Thomas Pinckney: Negotiated treaty with Spain over Spanish lands east of the Mississippi River
  492. Three-Fifths Compromise: Compromise that allowed states to count three-fifths of their slaves as part of the population
  493. totalitarian: government that has complete control over its citizens and puts down all opposition
  494. Townshend Acts: Laws passed by Parliament in 1767 that set taxes on imports to the colonies
  495. Trail of Tears: Path the Cherokee were forced to travel from Georgia to Indian Territory
  496. transcendentalism: philosphy that emphasized the truth to be found in nature
  497. transcontinental railroad: a railroad that crosses the entire country
  498. treaty of fort laramie: treaty that gave control of central plains to natives
  499. Treaty of Ghent: Treaty that ended the War of 1812
  500. treaty of paris: treaty that ended the spanish american war
  501. Treaty of Paris: Treaty that officially ended the war
  502. treaty of tordesillas: agreement between spain and portugal to explore diff. lands
  503. treaty of versailles: the 1919 treaty that ended WWI
  504. trench warfare: fighting between fortified ditches
  505. Trenton: Battle won by the Americans in 1776
  506. Triangular Trade: The pattern of shipping trade across the Atlantic
  507. tuskegee normal and industrial institute: school headed by booker t. washington
  508. Two-party System: Political system where two political parties compete for power
  509. u.s.s. maine: u.s. warship that exploded in a cuban harbor
  510. ulysses s. grant: union general
  511. uncle toms cabin: antislavery novel
  512. underground railroad: secret way of escape to the north
  513. upton sinclair: novelist who exposed flaws in society
  514. urbanization: growth of cities
  515. utopian communites: designed to be perfect societes
  516. V-E day: victory in europe day, nazi germany surrenders
  517. valeriano weyler: general sent from spain to cuba to restore order
  518. Valley Forge: Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778
  519. vertical intergration: process in which a company buys out its suppliers
  520. vicksburg: union victory in missisippi
  521. w.e.b. du bois: first african america to recieve ph.d from harvard
  522. WAAC: womens auxillary army corps
  523. wade-davis bill: would have give congress control of reconstruction
  524. War Hawk: One who favors war
  525. war industies board: agency to improve efficiency in war related industries
  526. war production board: decided which companies would make war materials
  527. war-guilt clause: part of the treaty of versaills in which germany took sole blame for the war
  528. Whig Party: Political party formed in 1834 to oppose policies of Andrew Jackson
  529. willam randolph hearst: owner of new york morning journal, san fransisco examiner
  530. William Henry Harrison: Ninth president
  531. William Henry Harrison Tecumseh: Native American leader
  532. william howard taft: president after roosevelt
  533. william lloyd garrison: abolitionst leader
  534. William Penn: Founder of Pennsylvania
  535. William Pitt: British leader in the French and Indian War
  536. william seward: secretary of state under lincoln and johnson
  537. william tecumseh sherman: commander of union troops in southeast
  538. wilmont proviso: bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the war with mexico
  539. winston churchill: prime minister of britain during WWII
  540. woodrow wilson: winner of the 1912 presidential election
  541. XYZ Affair: American anger over bribes demanded by French diplomats
  542. yellow journalism: exaggerating stories to attract attention
  543. Yorktown: Battle that gave Americans victory in the war
  544. zimmerman note: message proposing an alliance between germany and mexico against the u.s.