- Bilingualism: An ability to speak two languages.
- Cognition: The process of thinking or mentally processing information.
- Concept: A generalized idea representing a class of related objects or events.
- Concept Formation: The process of classifying information into meaningful categories
- Conceptual Rule: A formal rule for deciding whether an object or event is an example of a particular concept.
- Conjunctive Concept: A class of objects that have two of more features in common. (For example, to qualify as an example of the concept an object must be both red and triangular.
- Connotative Meaning: The subjective, personal, or emotional meaning of a word or concept.
- Denotative Meaning: The exact, dictionary definition of a word or concept; its objective meaning.
- Disjunctive Concept: A concept defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features. (For example, to qualify an object must be either blue or circular).
- Grammar: A set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing.
- Image: Most often, a mental representation that has picture-like qualities; an icon.
- Language: Words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication.
- Morphemes: The smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words.
- Negative Instance: In concept learning, and object or event that does not belong to the concept class.
- Phonemes: The basic speech sounds of a language.
- Positive Instance: In concept learning, and object or event that belongs to the concept class.
- Prototype: An ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept.
- Relational Concept: A concept defined by the relationship between features of an objet or between an object and its surroundings (for example, "greater than," "lopsided").
- Semantics: The study of meanings in language.
- Synethesia: Experiencing one sense in terms normally associated with another selse; for example, "seeing" colors when a sound is heard.
- Syntax: Rules for ordering words when forming sentences.
- Transformation Rules: Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other voices or forms (past tense, passive voice, and so forth).
- Two-way Bilingual Program: A program in which English-speaking children and children with linited English proficiency are taugh half the day in English and half in a second language.