- acetabular labrum: ring of fibrocartilage that deepens the acetabulum to increase stability
- angle of inclination: measured in frontal plane; angle between the neck of the femur and shaft of the femur; larger in childhood: normally decreases to 115-140 ۫ in adults; pathological increase= coxa valga; decrease= coxa vara
- angle of torsion: measured in transverse plane; angle of twist between neck of femur and femoral condyles; also decreases with age; normally 10-20 ۫ in adults; pathological increase= anteversion (forward twist); decrease= retroversion (backward twist)
- anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments: reinforce the joint capsule
- anterior pelvic tilt: the ASIS moves anteriorally; increased lordosis and hip flexion (stick out butt)
- bony: close-packed position of the hip; 90 ۫ flexion, slight abduction and slight external rotation; (sitting in a car)
- close-packed positions of the hip joint: ligamentous and bony
- counternutation: normal movement for the SI jt.; the inferior sacrum tilts anteriorally, relative to the pelvis.
- functional ROM for flexion for climbing stairs: 65 ۫
- functional ROM for flexion for sitting in a standard chair: 85 ۫
- functional ROM for flexion for standing up: 100 ۫
- hip hiking (lateral tilt): occurs during walking and open-chain hip abduction (shifting a child up with your hip while holding him)
- hip joint: ball and socket joint; between the lunate (moon-like) surface of the acetabulum and the head of the femur
- iliofemoral ligament/ Y ligament of bigelow: up-side down Y-shaped ligament that reinforces the anterior capsule; limits hyperextension of the hip and allows paraplegics to stand with leg braces
- iliolumbar ligament: connects L4 and L5 vertebrae to the ilium
- iliotibial band/ tract (IT band): thick fascia that runs down lateral thigh and helps counteract the bending force placed on the neck of the femur during weight bearing
- inguinal ligament: connects to the ASIS and the pubic tubercle, dividing the abdomen from the thigh; nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels pass under it when traveling to the LE
- interosseous sacroiliac ligament: fills in the space between the sacrum and ilium; half synovial joint, half _ joint
- ischiofemoral ligament: reinforces the posterior capsule
- ligamentous: close-packed position of the hip; full extension, abduction, and internal rotation
- ligamentum teres: connects the fovea of the femur to the acetabular rim; route for nerves and secondary blood supply to reach the femoral head
- normal ROM for ABD: 45 ۫
- normal ROM for ADD: 30 ۫
- normal ROM for extension: 30 ۫
- normal ROM for external/ lateral rotation: 45 ۫
- normal ROM for flexion: 120 ۫
- normal ROM for internal/ medial rotation: 45 ۫
- nutation: normal movement for the SI jt.; the superior sacrum tilts anteriorally, relative to the pelvis.
- pelvic rotation: occurs during walking and when turning the body
- posterior pelvic tilt: the ASIS moves posteriorally; decreased lordosis and hip extension (slouching)
- pubic symphysis: the two pubic bones are joined together by fibrocartilage, and the joint is supported by the superior, inferior and posterior pubis ligaments; there is normally very little movement at this joint, except during childbirth
- pubofemoral ligament: located inferior to iliofemoral ligament; also reinforces the anterior capsule
- resting position of the hip joint: lounging with legs propt up; 30 ۫ flexion and abduction and slight external rotation; also laying down with pillow under knees
- sacroiliac joint (SI joint): synovial joint; considered a plane jt., but with very irregular surfaces for stability; between the auricular surface of sacrum and the auricular surface of the ilium; allows very little movement, except during childbirth; transmit weight from the spine to the LE's; designed to be very stable with very thick ligaments
- sacrospinous ligament: from sacrum to ischium spine
- sacrotuberous ligament: fron sacrum to ischial tuberosity