Print › ♥ Ch 34 Pt 1

$1.00 a day: The CCC got about this much per day...CCC enrollees worked 40 hours a week and were paid $30 a month, with the requirement that $25 of that be sent home to family.
"Alphabet soup": There were just so many abbrieviations made for all the different agencies created by the New Deal to help alleviate the Great Depression, e.g. CCC, AAA...
"Black Cabinet": Af. American advisors to FDR e.g. Mrs. Bethune. --> There was racism in the New Deal--white Ams were first to get jobs while blacks were first to lose jobs.
"Demagogues": Power hungry, good with the mob, persuasive speaker. E.g. Hitler, Father Charles Edward Coughlin, Huey Long (senator from LA who wants FDR's position)
"FDR": Franklin Delano Roosevelt; 32nd president. Elected in '32, '36, '40, '44. Died in '45. --> 22nd Amendment: limit to 2 terms
"Fear": Only thing we have to fear is fear itself. Kennedy a similar phrase, "As not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country..."
"My Day": Eleanor Roosevelt's syndicate column. She was the most busy/active First Lady. She wrote aobut the interesting things that occurred in her days in her column.
"Plow under" campaign: Pay farmers to destroy some crops and grow crops (e.g. legumes) that are better for the soil. Many pigs/cattle etc. were slaughtered. Lower amount of crops so that the price can increase.
"The dime marches on...": FDR is on the dime. He had polio as a child. March of Dimes was created by him to help find a cure to polio. When vaccine was found, eventually the money was then used for premature babies...
100th Meridian: ND --> TX; ♥ of Dust Bowl. CCC given responsibility of planting trees down that meridian. Shelter belt. Stop wind erosion. Sometimes wind blew the soil all the way to NY.
20th: Amendment-changes date when president sworn in. Now moved to Jan 20. Remove lame-duck period.
21st: Amendment-stop Prohibition (repeal 18th Amendment). ♥hard to enforce ♦farmers can sell grains to make alcohol ♣can put a tax on alcohol!
9 Old Men: Supreme Court was making it hard to endorse New Deal ideas ∴ made it hard to help end the Great Depression. In 1937, FDR tries "court packing" and wants to add more judges to the Supreme Court, adding 1 judge per judge over 70 years (wants to add 6). While this didn't work out, afterward the court started to vote more in favor of the New Deal.
American Liberty League: Critics of FDR, consevative republican buisnessmen. Didn't like the New Deal. ♠
Anton Cermak: Mayor of Chicago. Helped collect evidence that got Capone in trouble for tax evasion. A friend of FDR, who was murdered Feb 13, 1933 when they were riding together in a car near Miami Beach
Butler vs U.S. (1936): Harming one group for the benefit fof others' is unconstitutional. [Help farmers harm processors]♠
Carl Weiss: A physician. His family was supposedly ruined by Huey Long's policy of Share the Wealth. Weiss assassinated Long, and Long had many body guard with him, and they opened fire on him (30-50 bullets), in 1935.
Clark Memorandum: 1931 state department issues note: we'll back off from Latin Am. --> "Good Neighbor policy". Remove troops from Haiti and Nicaragua.
Codes: NRA create these. Fed govt approaches every buisness and tell them how they want it run. E.g. cut down # of hours but increase # of workers so more people could get more $. NRA angered buisness owners
Dawes Act = ø: DA-Indians become like whites. John Collier during New Deal thought the DA hurt Indians more. IRA (Indian Reorganization ACt): can go back on reservations & preserve culture!
E. Y. Harburg: wrote songs in the '30s, e.g. "Brother can you spare a dime?" and "Somewhere over the rainbow..."
F.A.P.: Federal Art Project --> Jackson Pollock (etc.). Murals painted, cities beautified, gives jobs
F.T.P: Federal Theater Project. Primary goal was employment of out-of-work artists, writers, and directors, with the secondary aim of entertaining poor families and creating relevant art.
F.W.P: Federal Writers Project. A federal government project to fund written work and support writers during the Great Depression.
Guisseppe Zangara: Killed Anton Cermak. Possibly a member of Capone's gang wanting revenge.
Lucy Mercer: FDR cheated on Eleanor with her. Eleanor had originally hired her as a personal assistant for herself. Eleanor then threatened to divorce, but FDR promised not to see LM again if they could stay together, but he didn't keep this promise.
Manchukuo: Jap name for Manchuria
Marian Anderson: In 1939, the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) refused permission for Anderson to sing to an integrated audience in Constitution Hall. Eleanor Roosevelt resigned from DAR and invited her to sing on the steps of Lincoln Memorial for an Easter Concert instead.
Milo Reno: Farmer from Iowa, started Farmers' Holiday Assoc. --> Farm prices @ all time low, militantly gather farmers to destroy food instead of sell @ such low prices. Irony: people were starving...Roosevelt starts the AAA
N.Y.A.: Nat'l Youth Administration --> get jobs (temporary) to get a little $
Parity: The govt wanted to establish this, to do so they tax the processor industry (e.g. grocery stores). By definition: "equality". They want a fair price for what they produce. The AAA gets this for them (but was ruled as unconstitutional).
Rex Tugwell, Raymond Moley, Adolph Berle, Harry Hopkins*: Examples of FDR's "Brain trust". Not his cabinet, but advisors that help him create the New Deal
Section 7A: In NRA (Nat'l Recovery Act) code gives worker right to collectively bargain (join Union)
Square DEAL. NEW Freedom: FDR admired both TR and WW, and followed the "New Deal"
W.P.A.: Works Progress Administration creates jobs (almost 8 million!!)
Warm Springs, GA: FDR would go there to get away fromt he White House. There were mineral springs that might've helped his muscles. He also died there of a cerebral hemorrhage.