- - Produced by steam cracking of petroleum or natural gas.: Ethene
- - Two alternating monomers used. Water = by product 3.Polymers are normally called 'plastics' Examples = Teflon + nylon: Condensation Polymer
- -Heat + Catalyst causes double bond in the unsaturated ethene molecule to brk to form long chain.: Polymerisation of Ethene
- -NOt enough petrol devised via the fractions.2. Straight chain hydrocarbon= burnt so rapidly that they prodced knocking or pingin in the engine. Therefore,catalytic cracking is the solution to the quality and quantity problems: Why want 'catalytic cracking'?
- -Organic[Zeolite] - Have very porous silicate minerals that provide a surface on thich the large molecule can split.-It is recycled in the catalytic process.: Describe the catalyst used in the 'catalytic cracking'
- 1. Molecular 2. Structural 3. Condensed Structural Formula 4. Constituitional formula: What are the four types of formulas of hydrocarbons?
- 1. Type of monomer used 2. Chain Length 3. Extent of branching: What do properties of polymers depend upon?
- 1.Alkanes 2. Alkenes 3. Alkynes: What are the three common Homologous series?
- A group of atoms obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an alkane: Alkyl Group
- A series in which all the members have the same functional grpup and the same general molecular formula.: Homologuous series
- Addition Reaction --> alkene+hydrogen--[Heat/or ctalyst] --> alkane: How is unsaturated compound converted to saturated?+ Provide an equation
- an atom or: Free radical
- any branched chained alkane. Have same number of carbon atoms and thus same molecular formula but different structural formula.: What are 'Isomers'
- Branched polymer with a cross linked structure. This resists being reshaped or reformed by heating: Thermosets
- By changing the type of monomer used and how it is joined: How can we make the polymer we desire?
- c2h2n+2: Formula for Alkane
- Changes large chain fractions into smaller fraction when heated in the presence of a catalyst [ slicia-aluminia]: Catalytic cracking
- Compounds that contain double bond: Unsaturated Compounds
- Compounds which contains single bond: Saturated Compounds
- containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms: What is a Hydrocarbon?
- Containing single bond: Define 'Alkane'
- Dispersion forces between their molecules as well as how closely the molecule can pack together: What do physical properties of alkenes and alkanes depend on?
- Fossil fuels - non renewable: What is the main source to produce artificial polymers
- Greater the number of carbon atoms, higher the melting and boiling point: Describe the relationship between the number of carbons in a compound and its melting and boiling points.
- Have a halogen such as flourine,chlorine, bromine or iodine attached to the main hydrocaron chain: Haloalkanes
- Heat-->joins smaller chain molecules[monomers] 2 prdce large chain cmpds called polymers: What is 'polymerisation'?
- Indicates bond between carbon atom and sometimes other. ch3-ch3: Condensed Structural Formula
- International Union Of Pure And Applied Chemistry: IUPAC
- It is a liquid containing mixture of solid, liquid and gases. Once extracted, the mixtures are seperated into fractions via fractional distillation.: What does petroleum consists of?
- It is an atom of group of atoms which gives an homologous series its chemical properties: Functional group
- Past obtained from the distillation mixture: What is meant by 'Fraction'?
- Petrol,diesel, oil [ all by fractional distillation]: What are some of the fractions that 'petroleum' is seperated into?
- Polyethylene: What is the world's most used plastic?
- Polymers with little or no branching: Thermoplastics
- Reaction with bromine water: Which test allows to distinguish between a 'saturated' and 'unsaturated' compound?
- Reviews the rules for naming organic compounds: Role of 'IUPAC'
- saturated compound+bromine water--> brown colour remains: What would happen if a compound is saturated [ bromine water experiment]
- See page 16: Common additional polymers and some of their uses
- see page 17 for diagram: low density + high density polyethylene
- See page 484: Descr. the chemical test used to distinguish bet. saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
- shows how atoms would be arranged but no bonds are shown. ch2ch2: Constitutional Formula
- Shows how the atoms are arranged in a molecule.: Structural Formula
- shows the number of each atom present in the compound.c2h4: Molecular Formula
- Smaller molecular gas[that make up a fraction] used in manu. of polymers: What is meant by 'feedstock'?
- Straight chain hydrocarbons passed appr. heated catalyst, where they r being converted into branched chain and ring shaped hydrocarbons.we obtain an increased amount of pertrol.branched chains causes less engine knocking.: How 'catalytic cracking works'
- synthetic polymers are made via addition reaction. In this a fixed amnt of intiator is added to the reacting monomer & breaks the double bond + prvdes a site for further cracking.The monomer quickly combines with each other 2 prdce desried polymer.[ A catalyst could also be added 2 speed things up + help control the properties of the polymer] . The reaction is then terminated using a inhibitor.: How are 'polymers made'
- type of bond = covalent. It can be single, double or triple: describe the type of bonds found in hydrocarbons.
- Type of bonding between carbon atoms: How are properties of 'carbon compounds' determined?
- Unsaturated Compound+Bromine Water--> Brown Changes to colourless: What would happen if a compound is unsaturated [ bromine water experiment]
- Via the type of bonding present: How can we distinguish between different Homologous series?