- covalent bond: A chemical bond formed between two atoms by sharing a pair of electrons.
- dipole: a molecule that is electrically asymmetrical, causing it to be oppositely charged at two points.
- electronegativity: the relative attraction that an atom has for a pair of shared electrons in a covalent bond.
- ionic bond: the chemical bond between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion.
- ionization energy: the energy required to move an electron from an atom, an ion, or a molecule.
- Lewis structure: a method of indicating the covalent bonds between atoms in a molecule or an ion such that a pair of electrons (:) represents the valence electrons forming the covalent bond.
- linear structure: in the VSEPR model, an arrangement where the pairs of electrons are arranged 180 degrees apart for maximum separation.
- nonpolar covalent bond: a covalent bond between two atoms with the same electronegativity value; thus, the electrons are shared equally between the two atoms.
- polar covalent bond: a covalent bond between two atoms with differing electronegativity values, resulting in unequal sharing of bonding electrons.
- resonance structure: a molecule or ion that has multiple Lewis structures.
- tetrahedral structure: an arrangement of the VSEPR model where four pairs of electrons are placed 109.5 degrees apart to form a tetrahedron.
- trigonal planar: an arrangement of atoms in the VSEPR model where the three pairs of electrons are placed 120 degrees apart on a flat plane.