Quizlet Chapter 13

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  1. 2,3-diphosphoglycerate: substance produced by erthrocytes during glcolysis; binds reversibly to hemoglobin, causing it to release oxygen
  2. airway: tube through which air flows between external enviroment and lung alveoli
  3. alveolar dead space: volume of fresh inspired air that reaches alveoli but does not undergo gas exchange with blood
  4. alveolar pressure: air pressure in pulmonary alveoli
  5. alveolar ventilation: volume of atmospheric air entering alveoli each minute
  6. alveoli: think walled, air filled "outpocketing" from terminal air passageways in lungs
  7. anatomic dead space: space in respiratory tract airways where gas exchange does no occur with blood
  8. apneustic center: area in the lower pons in the brain with input to the medullary inspiratory neurons; helps to terminate inspiration
  9. atmospheric pressure: air pressure surrounding the body
  10. Boyle's Law: pressure of a fixed amount of gas in a container is inversely proportional to container's volume
  11. bronchi: large-diameter air passage that enters lung; located between trachea and bronchioles
  12. bronchiole: small airway distal to bronchus
  13. carbamino anhydrase: enzyme that catalyses the reaction of Carbon dioxide and water to H2CO3
  14. carbamino hemoglobin: compound resulting from combination of carbon dioxide and amino groups in hemoglobin
  15. carotid body: pertaining to two major artieris in neck that convey blood to head
  16. central chemoreceptor: receptor in brainstem medulla oblongata that responds to H+ concentration changes of brain extracellular fluid
  17. conducting zone: network of cardiac mucle fibers specialized to conduct electrical actity between differenet areas of heart
  18. Dalton's law: pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture of gases in independent of the pressure exerted by the other gases
  19. deoxyhemoglobin: hemoglobin not combined with oxygen; reduced hemoglobin
  20. diaphragm: dome-shaped skeletal muscle sheet that separates the adbominal and thoracic cavities; principal muscle of respiration
  21. elastic recoil: tendency of an elastic structure to oppose stretching or distortion
  22. expiration: movement of air out of lungs
  23. expiratory reserve volume: volume of air that can be exhaled by mazimal contraction of expiratory muscles after normal resting expriation
  24. functional residual capacity: lung volume after relaxed expiration
  25. globin: collective term for the four polypepetide chains of the hemoglobin molecule
  26. heme: iron-containing organic molecul bond to each of the four polypeptide chains of hemoglobin or to cytochromes
  27. hemoglobin: protien composed of four polypepetide chians, each attached to a heme; loacatied in erthroctues and transports most blood oxygen
  28. Henry's law: amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial presssure of gas with which the liquid is in equilibrium
  29. Hering-breuer reflex: inflation of the lung stimulates afferent nerves, which inhibt the inspiratory nerves in the medulla and thereby help to terminate inspiration
  30. inspiration: air movement from atmospher into lungs
  31. inspiratory reserve volume: maximal air volume that can be inspired above resting tidal volume
  32. intercostal muscle: skeletal muscle that lies between ribs and whose contraction causes rib cage movement during breathing
  33. intrapleural fluid: thin fluid film in thoracic cavity between pleura lining the inner wall of thoracic cage and pleura covering lungs
  34. intrapleural pressure: pressure in pleural space; also called intrathoracic pressure
  35. iron: metallic molecule comprising a portion of the heme structure of oxygen-binding proteins like hemoglobin and myoglobin
  36. j receptor: receptors in the lung capillary walls or interstitium that respond to increased lung intersitial pressure
  37. larynx: part of air passageway between pharynx and trachea; contains the vocal chords
  38. lateral traction: force holding small airways open; exerted by eleastic connective tissue linked to surrounding alveolar tissue
  39. law of laplace: transmural pressure difference=2x surgace tension divided by the radius of a hollow ball
  40. lung compliance: change in lung volume caused by a given change in transpulmonary pressure; the greater the lung compliance the mor stretchable the lung wall
  41. mediastinum: memebrane separating right and left thoracic comparments
  42. medullary inspiratory neuron: neurons in the medulla oblongata that set the pace for inspiration; their rate of firing is rhythmical but can be overridden by conscious control
  43. minute ventilation: total ventilation per minute; equals tidal volume times respiratory rate