- capital goods: man-made products used to make other goods
- consumer goods: goods which give immediate satisfaction, goods (as food or clothing) intended for direct use or consumption
- consumers: buyers and users of products
- economic resources: the natural, human, and capital resources that are used to produce goods and services; also called factors of production
- economies of scale: lower average costs resulting from producing on a larger scale
- opportunity cost: the best alternative forgone when a choice is made
- producers: are people who make goods or provide services
- productivity: output per worker, per hour
- scarcity: not having enough resources to meet all wants
- specialisation: concentration on a narrow range of products or tasks